• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.649-656
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• 2011

The present study evaluated the microstructures and mechanical properties of severely deformed Ni-30Cr alloys. Cross-roll rolling (CRR) process was introduced as a severe plastic deformation (SPD), and Ni-30Cr alloy sheets were cold rolled to 90% thickness reduction and subsequently annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ for 30 min to obtain the recrystallized microstructure. Electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD) was introduced to analyze grain boundary character distributions (GBCDs). The application of CRR to the Ni-30Cr alloy was effective in enhancing the grain refinement through heat treatment; consequently, the average grain size was significantly refined from $33{\mu}m$ in the initial material to $0.6{\mu}m$. This grain refinement directly improved the mechanical properties, in which yield and tensile strengths significantly increased relative to those of the initial material. We systematically discuss the grain refinement and accompanying improvement of the mechanical properties, in terms of the effective strain imposed by CRR relative to conventional rolling (CR).

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.536-544
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• 2009

The performance of radars operated near an offshore wind farm region may be degraded due to the distorted signals by wind turbines. This degradation of radar systems includes ghost effects and doppler effects by a tower, nacelle, and turbine blades consisting of the wind turbine. In this paper, electromagnetic wave backscatterings from a offshore wind turbine are numerically simulated in terms of temporal radar cross section and radar cross section spectra, using a quasi-static approach based on physical optics and physical theory of diffraction. The simulations are carried out at 3.05 GHz for the seven yaw angles and four blade pitch angles. From the results, radar cross section values and doppler effect as turbine blades rotate are investigated.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.543-552
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• 2008

The diffraction of waves by three bottom fixed vertical circular cylinders is investigated by using the boundary element method. This method has been successfully applied to the isolated vertical circular cylinder and now is used to study the interaction between waves and multiple vertical cylinders. In this paper, a numerical analysis by the boundary element method is developed by the linear potential theory. The numerical analysis by the boundary element method is based on Green's second theorem and introduced to an integral equation for the fluid velocity potential around the vertical circular cylinders. To verify this method, the results obtained in present study are compared with the results computed by the multiple scattering method. The results of the comparisons show strong agreement. Also in this paper, several numerical examples are given to illustrate the effects of various parameters on the wave exciting force such are the separation distance, the wave number and the incident wave angle. This numerical computation method might be used broadly for the design of various offshore structures to be constructed in the future.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1999년도 제17회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.29-29
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• 1999

The synthesis of layered structures on the nanometer scale has become essential for continued improvements in the operation of various electronic and magnetic devices. Abrupt metal-metal interfaces are desired for applications ranging from metallization in semiconductor devices to fabrication of magnetoresistive tunnel junctions for read heads on magnetic disk drives. In particular, characterizing the interface structure between various transition metals (TM) and aluminum is desirable. We have used the techniques of MeV ion backscattering and channeling (HEIS), x-ray photoemission (ZPS), x-ray photoelectron diffraction(XPD), low-energy ion scattering (LEIS), and low-energy electron diffraction(LEED), together with computer simulations using embedded atom potentials, to study solid-solid interface structure for thin films of Ni, Fe, Co, Pd, Ti, and Ag on Al(001), Al(110) and Al(111) surfaces. Considerations of lattice matching, surface energies, or compound formation energies alone do not adequately predict our result, We find that those metals with metallic radii smaller than Al(e.g. Ni, Fe, Co, Pd) tend to form alloys at the TM-Al interface, while those atoms with larger atomic radii(e.g. Ti, Ag) form epitaxial overlayers. Thus we are led to consider models in which the strain energy associated with alloy formation becomes a kinetic barrier to alloying. Furthermore, we observe the formation of metastable fcc Ti up to a critical thickness of 5 monolayers on Al(001) and Al(110). For Ag films we observe arbitrarily thick epitaxial growth exceeding 30 monolayers with some Al alloying at the interface, possible driven by interface strain relief. Typical examples of these interface structures will be discussed.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2005

실시간 x-선 산란기법을 이용해 p형 질화물 위에 성장된 $Ni(400\;\AA)/Au(400\;\AA)$ 박막의 공기 중에서 산화과정 동안 일러나는 구조적인 변화를 조사하였다. 350 "C의 열처리 온도에서 산화과정 동안 니켈과 금 박막들이 서로 섞인다는 것을 확인하였고 금의 회절 프로파일의 우측 부근에서 니켈의 양이 서로 다른 금 고용체의 새로운 상이 형성되는 것을 발견하였다. 또한, 이런 금 고용체에 포함된 니켈 원자는 산화가 더욱 진행함으로써 바깥쪽으로 확산하여 산소와 결합하여 NiO의 새로운 상이 형성되는 것을 알 수 있었다. $650^{\circ}C$의 열처리 온도에서는 완전히 산화가 일어났음에도 불구하고 금(111) 벌크 회절 프로파일에 소량의 니켈 원자가 포함되어 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2002

본 실험에서는 HWE 방법으로 성장시킨 SnSe 단결정 박막에 대한 특성을 조사하였다. 성장된 박막의 결정 구조와 격자 상수를 알아보기 위하여 X-ray diffraction(XRD)에 의한 회절 패턴을 측정하고, 단결정 박막의 결정성을 확인하기 위하여 double crystal X-ray diffraction(DCXRD)에 의한 회절 패턴을 측정하여, 원료부와 열벽부 그리고 기판의 온도 변화에 따른 반치폭을 알아보았다. Rutherford back scattering(RBS)을 측정하여 Sn과 Se의 조성비를 확인하고, 실험값과 이론값의 차이를 조사하였다. 박막의 표면 상태는 atomic force microscopy(AFM) 사진과 주사 전자 현미경(SEM) 사진으로 관찰하여 결정구조와 성장 온도와의 연관성을 조사하였다. 광학 상수는 Spectroscopic Ellipsometry(SE) 방법을 이용하여 단결정 박막의 굴절률(n), 유전상수(${\varepsilon}$), 반사율(R) 그리고 흡수 계수(${\alpha}$) 등 광학 상수를 측정했다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1993

해안에서 발생하는 재해의 큰 원인은 파랑작용에 기인되기 때문에 해양 기술자는 정확한 파랑변형을 예측하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 파랑변형의 주요인은 간수효과, 반사, 회석, 굴석, 산란, 방사등을 들 수 있다. 최근, 파랑변형에 대하여 수치모델이 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 굴석과 회석을 동시에 고려할 수 있는 완경사방정식을 이용하여 유한요소법으로 수치모델을 수립했다. 이 방법은 복잡한 경계조건을 갖는 해안에 정확한 파랑예측을 할 수 있는 장점이 있지만 몇 가지의 개선해야할 문제점도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 계산결과를 검정하기 위해 모형실험을 실시했다. 완경사 방정식을 유한요소법으로 계산한 계산값과 Lee의 방법(Helmholtz 방정식을 유한차분법으로 수치계산한 방법)으로 계산한 값, 그리고 실험값과 비교한 결과 타당성있는 일치를 얻었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.533-537
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• 2007

This paper describes the heteroepitaxial growth of single-crystalline 3C-SiC (cubic silicon carbide) thin films on Si (100) wafers by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) at 1350 oC for micro/nanoelectromechanical system (M/NEMS) applications, in which hexamethyldisilane (HMDS, Si2(CH3)6) was used as a safe organosilane single-source precursor. The HMDS flow rate was 0.5 sccm and the H2 carrier gas flow rate was 2.5 slm. The HMDS flow rate was important in obtaing a mirror-like crystalline surface. The growth rate of the 3C-SiC film in this work was 4.3 μm/h. A 3C-SiC epitaxial film grown on the Si (100) substrate was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman scattering, respectively. These results show that the main chemical components of the grown film were single-crystalline 3C-SiC layers. The 3C-SiC film had a very good crystal quality without twins, defects or dislocations, and a very low residual stress.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.2-12
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• 2002

The small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beamline BL4C1 at the 2.5 GeV storage ring of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) has been in its first you of operation since August 2000. During this first stage it could meet the basic requirements of the rapidly growing domestic SAXS user community, which has been carrying out measurements mainly on various polymer systems. The X-ray source is a bending magnet which produces white radiation with a critical energy of 5.5 keV. A synthetic double multilayer monochromator selects quasi-monochromatic radiation with a bandwidth of ca. 1.5%. This relatively low degree of monochromatization is sufficient for most SAXS measurements and allows a considerably higher flux at the sample as compared to monochromators using single crystals. Higher harmonics from the monochromator are rejected by reflection from a flat mirror, and a slit system is installed for collimation. A charge-coupled device (CCD) system, two one-dimensional photodiode arrays (PDA) and imaging plates (IP) are available its detectors. The overall performance of the beamline optics and of the detector systems has been checked using various standard samples. While the CCD and PDA detectors are well-suited for diffraction measurements, they give unsatisfactory data from weakly scattering samples, due to their high intrinsic noise. By using the IP system smooth scattering curves could be obtained in a wide dynamic range. In the second stage, stating from August 2001, the beamline will be upgraded with additional slits, focusing optics and gas-filled proportional detectors.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.222-225
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• 2002

Microwave dielectric properties of the layered and functionally graded materials (FGMs) of $Mg_{0.93}Ca_{0.07}TiO_3$ (MCT) and $(Ca_{0.3}Li_{0.14}Sm_{0.42})TiO_3$(CLST) were investigated as a function of the volume ratio of two components. Dielectric constant was decreased with an increase of the volume ratio of MCT which had a lower dielectric constant thant CLST. For the layered FGMs specimens, the difference of thermal expansion coefficients between two components induced thermal strain to dielectric layers, which was confirmed by the plot of ${\Delta}$k (X-ray diffraction peak width0 versus k (scattering vector) using the double-peak Lorentzian function, f(x). Quality factor of the specimens was affected by the thermal strain of dielectric layer, especially MCT layer. For the specimen with the volume ratio of MCT/CLST = 2, the qulaity factor of the specimen showed a minimum value due to the maximum thermal strain fo MCT layer.