• 복식
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• 제37권
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• pp.119-132
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• 1998

Niveteen stimulus photographs varied in hue and color scheme of one clothing style of Korean dress worn by a female were used to explore the differences in perceptive effect of clothing cues(color, color scheme, structure) on impression formation and graduate students. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, factor score, ANOVA and Scheffe-test. Results indicate perceptive effects of clothing cues on impression formation are influenced by gender-differences and major-difference of perceivers. Significant gender differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and gender. Significant major differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and perceiver's major. Female perceivers and perceivers of major-ing in Liberal Arts reacted to clothing cues on impression formation with greater sensitivity than male perceivers and perceivers of majoring in Natural Sciences. Frequent interaction effects between gender and color of China (cool-warm color), between major difference and color scheme(related color harmony-contrasting color harmony) appeared on factors of impression effect. The influence of perceiver variables on their perception of clothing cues for impression effcet has important implications for gender difference and perceiver's maforing backgroung in a social situation.

• 복식
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2015

Dress functions as a clear boundary between gender differences In the past. However dress in the 21st century, due to movement of feminism during the 1960's, advance of mass media and the influence of postmodernism, the boundary of gender differences has been blurred. Especially in men's fashion, where there was no little changes in traditional menswear, it is noteworthy that there appears some changes. The research about gender has developed to queer theory, subjected on gender itself, founded on the gender diversity. The purpose of the study is to conduct the implied meanings of dress in contemporary society, when gender diversity has been expressed in men's fashion, and to review the characteristics of contemporary men's fashion through the collections and advertisements of post 2000's as well as internet sites. This research is based on theory of Judith Butler, which is on the center of feminism and queer theory. Homosexual expressions which are presented in male clothing and advertisement produce rejection of the dichotomous view of gender concept and allowing of individual gender identity expression.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.275-285
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• 2013

본 연구는 대구시내 대학생 331명을 대상으로 효의식, 효도이유 및 가족가치관에 대해 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 효의식은 전체 대학생 모두 평균이상으로 비교적 높은 효의식을 보여주었고 효도 이유에 대해서는 희생, 애정, 동정, 재산상속에 대해서 남녀간에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 가족가치관은 전체 대학생 모두 다소 낮게 나타나 전반적으로 비전통적인 가족가치관을 가지고 있다고 볼 수 있고 남녀간의 차이에서는 남성이 여성보다 높게 나타나 남성이 보다 전통적인 가족가치관을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 가족가치관에 영향을 미치는 요소를 살펴보면 하위변인별로 차이가 있으나 부모친밀감이 가족가치관에 영향을 미치는 주요 변인으로 나타났다. 따라서 부모세대와 자녀세대의 공감형성과 친밀한 관계형성을 위한 세대간 교류 프로그램의 개발과 보급으로 가족간의 유대감을 강화시킬 수 있는 계기가 마련될 필요성이 있겠다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.182-196
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• 2010

Purpose: This study examined potential determinants of gender differences in utilization of health care services among Korean adults. Methods: The study population was 21,647 adults ${\geq}$25-years-of-age who had responded to a health interview survey conducted as part of the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Surveys. Relative gender differences in the use of each health service were assessed using chi-square test and sex ratios. The contribution of potential factors of sex differences in the use of health services was evaluated by comparing the odds ratio and sex ratio before and after adjustment for such variables. Results & Conclusions: More females had visited a physician and been admitted to hospital, but hospitalization time was longer for males. Adjustment for poor self-rated health, number of chronic disease and limit of full term for ADL led to a reduction in the odds ratio of females compared to males for health service utilization. However, adjustment for socioeconomic factors (household income, education, occupation, and health insurance) magnified the gender difference concerning length of hospitalization. Factors that explain gender-related differences in utilization of health care services are concluded to be different health needs and socioeconomic status.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2018

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between male nurse's gender stereotype, role conflict and organizational commitment. Methodology: Data were collected from 169 male hospital nurses from August, 2016 until September. The Male nurse's gender stereotype, role conflict and organizational commitment were measured using a structured questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/win 23.0 for windows. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation were used. Findings: There were statistically significant differences in the gender stereotype by general characteristics such as age and military duty. There were statistically significant differences in the role conflict by general characteristics such as education level and position. There were statistically significant differences in the organizational commitment by general characteristics such as the hospital's location and hospital type. Gender stereotype and role conflict had no significant correlation (r=-0.050, p=.516). A statistically significant positive correlation was detected between male nurse's gender stereotype and 'continuance commitment' (r=0.272, p<.001). A statistically significant positive correlation was detected between male nurse's role conflict and 'continuance commitment' (r=0.178, p=.021). Practical implications: The result of this study indicate that to reduce role conflict of workplace environment and induce the affective commitment of male nurses within a female-centered nursing organization should be sought.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2003

This study was designed (1) to examine adolescents' body cathexis, ideal body image, clothing behavior, and clothing purchasing behavior, and (2) to identify gender and age differences. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square ($\chi^2$) analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Duncan-Test were employed to analyze the data collected from the convenience sample of 729 middle- and high-school students in Gyeongnam, Korea. Adolescents tended to be dissatisfied with their body, while female high school students' dissatisfactory degrees were higher The ideal body image was thinner than normal, and neither gender nor age differences were observed. Adolescents showed higher dependences compared to other clothing behaviors including conformity, fashion, popularity, brand, and exhibition, and gender and age differences were observed. Fit/comfort and clothing displayed in store were most important evaluative criterion and information search method. Adolescents tended to prefer shopping in department store with friends or parents in less than 3 hours. Gender and age differences were observed in those clothing purchasing behavior. Marketing strategies generated from the results of this study were suggested.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences between gender identity, gender equality, and self-esteem among nursing college students. Methods: The subjects were nursing college students who were selected from 4 different nursing colleges. We measured gender identity, gender equality, and self-esteem using verified measurement tools. Data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistical methods. Results: Gender equality among nursing college students showed a significant difference between male students and female students. Male students had higher gender equality scores than female students on all 4 types of gender equality. Conclusion: Male nursing college students that there are differences in gender equality, especially in the areas of education and employment. Based on these results, we suggest that future work should focus on developing a curriculum to increase awareness of gender equality among under graduate students, and thereby build an organizational culture of mutual respect for gender equality among clinical nurses.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2020

This objective of this study is to examine the influence of age and gender on entrepreneurship in Vietnam's context. Although various studies have been conducted to examine age and gender differences in the entrepreneurial process, the results reveal inconsistencies. Moreover, the relationship between different factors and their role in explaining age and gender differences in the entrepreneurship activities still has no clear answer. Our analyses were based on data collected for the 2017 Global Entrepreneurship Monitors (GEM) from individuals located in Vietnam with a sample of 2,118. Our findings show that female entrepreneurs had less household income and were likely to have more fear of failure in starting a business. Entrepreneurs tend to be older and young entrepreneurs have better education. The study also indicated that male entrepreneurs were likely to have more perception of the ease to start a business. Moreover, the number of male respondents who are currently entrepreneurs is higher and they are older. The contribution of this study is twofold. First, it provides empirical evidence on the age and gender differences in entrepreneurship. Second, it contributes to the understanding of the entrepreneurship environment in Vietnam, one of the most dynamic emerging countries in the East Asian region.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2007

최근 초등학생을 대상으로 프로그래밍 교육을 실시함에 있어 로봇을 이용한 로봇프로그래밍 교육을 제시하고 있다. 그러나 기존의 로봇프로그래밍 교수전략에 있어서 여학생들의 성향을 고려하지 않는 학습내용의 선정과 교수전략으로 인해 여학생들의 수업 참여도가 낮게 나타나고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 초등학생을 대상으로 설문을 통해 남녀의 로봇프로그래밍에 대한 관심 영역의 차이를 알아보고, 문헌 연구를 통해 컴퓨터 학습과 프로그래밍 학습에서 나타난 남녀의 차이와 효과적인 교수전략에 대해 분석한 후 성별의 차이를 고려한 로봇프로그래밍 교수전략을 제시하였다. 제시된 교수전략은 전문가 검증을 통해 타당성을 검증받았다. 본 논문을 통해 컴퓨터 분야에 보다 많은 여성의 첨여를 유도하는데 작은 밑바탕이 되기를 기대한다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine the differences in the degree of premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and stress according to the gender role identity of female university students. Methods: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 308 female university students. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple-range test. Results: The most prevalent type of premenstrual syndrome was androgenic(33.8%), followed by undifferentiated(25.0%). There was a significant difference in dysmenorrhea according to residence. In addition, there were significant differences in premenstrual syndrome according to age, and in stress according to age and economic status. Also, there was no significant difference according to dysmenorrhea and there were significant differences in premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea according to gender role identity. Premenstrual syndrome and stress were the most prevalence in female type, but the lowest severe in masculine type. Conclusion: The study variables can be influencing factors in the gender role identity of female university students. Also, the findings can provide the basis for the development of nursing interventions to establish the gender role identity of female university students.