• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.550-561
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support (SAPS) on health behavior and body mass index (BMI) among overweight or obese breast cancer survivors (BCS). Methods: A nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was utilized and 36 participants (experimental group 14, control group 22) were recruited from August 2017 to September 2018. Participants were 40~65 years old, overweight or obese, had completed primary cancer treatment within the 12 months prior to the study, and had not done regular exercise during the last 6 months. The 3-month SAPS consisted of exercise and diet education (once p/2 weeks), peer support (once p/week), and self-monitoring using smartphone applications (5 times p/week). All participants underwent assessments at baseline, right after SAPS, and at 3 months after SAPS. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: At the completion of SAPS significant differences were found between groups in motivation for exercise (t=-3.24, p=.005), physical activity (t=-4.15, p<.001), total calorie intake (t=3.42, p=.002), calories from fat (t=-3.01, p=.005), intake of vegetables (t=-2.83, p=.008), and BMI (t=5.21, p<.001). Significant differences in BMI (t=4.13, p<.001) remained up to 3 months after SAPS completion. No significant differences was shown between groups in self-efficacy for exercise, either immediately after or 3 months after SAPS. Conclusion: The SAPS has the potential to improve motivation for exercise, health behavior, and BMI of BCS. However, special efforts are required to encourage participants to complete the intervention and maintain long-term effects for future trials.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.132-145
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examined trends in the health status and dietary behavior changes by region using the raw data from the 2008 ~ 2019 Community Health Survey. Methods: This study analyzed the data of 2,738,572 people among the raw data of the Community Health Survey from 2008 to 2019. The regional differences in health status and dietary behavior were examined by classifying the regions into capital and non-capital regions, and the non-capital regions were classified into metropolitan cities and provinces. A chi-square test was conducted on the body mass index (BMI), diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension, frequency of eating breakfast, salty taste in usual diet, recognition of nutrition labeling, reading of nutrition labeling, and utilization of nutrition labeling. Results: In determining obesity using the BMI, the normal weight by year decreased, and the obesity rate by year was 34.6% in 2019, which increased by 13% compared to 2008. In addition, the diabetes diagnosis rate and hypertension diagnosis rate continued to increase with the year. Both diabetes and hypertension diagnosis rates were higher in the non-capital regions than in the capital region. Eating breakfast five to seven times per week was most common and showed a significant decreasing trend by year (P < 0.001). The percentage of respondents who said they eat slightly bland foods increased from 19.5% in 2008 to 19.9% in 2010 and then to 22.1% in 2013. The percentage then decreased to 19.9% in 2019, but showed an overall increasing trend (P < 0.001). According to the region, the capital region had a higher percentage than the non-capital region. The nutrition labeling's recognition rate and utilization rate increased yearly, whereas the reading rate decreased. Conclusions: The study results presented the primary data necessary to develop nutrition education programs and establish strategies for local nutrition management projects to improve disease prevention and dietary problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.793-802
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• 2023

The aim of this study analyzed changes in dietary habits and lifestyles before and after COVID-19 targeting adolescents, using the food consumption behavior survey (2019 vs 2021). In the change in health-related factors, height decreased overall, and a significant difference was especially evident in males. Awareness that functional foods and eco-friendly foods contribute to health has increased. Among the results of dietary behavior, the frequency of skipping breakfast showed that the rate of not skipping breakfast and the rate of skipping breakfast more than 5 times increased at the same time(p=0.019). The rate of eating out decreased significantly after COVID-19, and it was analyzed that schools and school cafeteria, as well as Street carts or restaurants and academy, all increased significantly as places where snacks were not consumed. In order to analyze changes in food-related lifestyle, it was grouped into convenience-seeking, quality/safety-seeking, taste-seeking, and health/safety-seeking. 'Small packaged or pre-processed products' decreased. On the other hand, items such as 'Safety rather than price when choosing food' and 'Don't eat food that could go bad' improved. 'Tend to eat regularly' was higher than 2021 compared to 2019. Also 'Tend to purchase HACCP and GAP-certified products' are increased. Because of COVID-19 changes in lifestyle have affected the diet of adolescents. The results of this study suggest that it can be used as a guideline establishment and nutrition counseling material for the formation of correct eating habits for adolescents in the future pandemic era.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the association between exacerbated economic hardship during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and changes in the health behaviors of Korean adolescents. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey and included 44 908 students (22 823 boys and 22 085 girls) as study subjects. The dependent variables included changes in health behaviors (breakfast habits, physical activity, and alcohol use) that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aggravation of economic hardship by COVID-19 and the subjective economic status of the family were used as exposure variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to calculate the prevalence odds ratios (PORs). Results: Severe exacerbation of a family's economic hardship due to COVID-19 was negatively associated with the health behaviors of adolescents, including increased breakfast skipping (POR, 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55 to 2.21 for boys and POR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.92 for girls) and decreased physical activity (POR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.57 for boys and POR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.60 for girls). These negative changes in health behaviors were further amplified when combined with a low subjective family economic status. Conclusions: The experience of worsening household hardship can lead to negative changes in health behavior among adolescents. It is crucial to implement measures that address the economic challenges that arise from stressful events such as COVID-19 and to strive to improve the lifestyles of adolescents under such circumstances.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.215-229
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• 2013

This study compared and examined the dietary behavior and food frequency of 100 female workers in their 20s who work night and day shifts at take-out coffee shops and 100 female office workers. The results of the study can be summarized as the following. The experimental group showed lower rates of income, tenure of office, sleeping hours, and frequency of exercise(p<0.001), and higher rates of gastric and intestinal illnesses, weight fluctuates, and smoking(p<0.001) than the control group. More than 83% of the experimental group(p<0.001) answered that they eat alone(p<0.001). The experimental group showed lower rates of regularity of meal and balanced diet(p<0.001), and higher rates of overeating(p<0.01), skipping breakfast and eating late-at-night(p<0.001) than the control group. The experimental group consumed less frequently rice, meat, fish, egg, bean, kimchi, vegetables and fruit(p<0.001), and more frequently noodles, bread, cereal, seaweed, milk, coffee and alcohol(p<0.001) than the control group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2009

The study was performed for investigation with 257 female adults to find out the factors affecting health control behavior and obesity stress by personality type. First of all, BMIs of the respondents showed 30 low weight (11.7%), 170 normal weight (66.1%), 33 overweight (12.8%) and 24 obese respondents (9.4%). Comparing with low weight or normal weight, overweight or obesity could be seen as strong with diet control behaviors, from which obesity stress showed the tendency to be high accordingly. Second, the result of the investigation showed that for the open personality, which was featured as strongly desired to accomplish, very sincere and sensitive, they were more eager to control through health or diet. Third, the result of the investigation showed that for the more nervous, which is featured as emotionally unstable, bad at self control of impetus and clumsy to handle stress, the obesity stress was escalating.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.56-68
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• 2020

Objective : This study introduces domestic and overseas systematic assessment tools that can identify eating problems of dementia patients based on abnormal behavior observations and turns them into Korean through the verification of content placement by expert groups. Methods : Three types of assessment tools were selected for final development in Korean version through several meetings based on a wide range of relevant literature searches. The 3 selected assessment tools were first translated by the researchers, and a 9-person expert team was used to verify the Content Validity Index. Results : The EBS content equivalence calculation shows that all 6 questions and 1 response item had a CVI value 0.9, and all items were included in Korean EBS without modification. The EdFED content equivalence calculation showed that all 11 questions had CVI value 0.9, which was included in the Korean edition of EdFED without modification. The content equivalence calculation of the FDI showed that all 19 questions had a CVI of 0.8 or higher, and all items were included in the Korean version of the FDI without modification of the item. Conclusion : Korean versions of the EBS, EdFED and FDI, which are based on behavioral observation and diet tools for people with dementia, have been developed. Early determination of problems related to diet in dementia patients and providing proper intervention through observational Korean version assessment tools is vital in terms of strengthening patient nutrition and reducing caregivers' burden.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7967-7973
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• 2015

Background: The abrupt rise of colorectal cancer in developing countries is raising concern in healthcare settings. Studies on assessing relationships with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in the Pakistani population have been limited. The present investigation was designed to examine associations of dietary practices, addictive behavior and bowel habits in developing colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients in a low-resource setup. Materials and Methods: An age-gender matched case control study was conducted from October 2011 to July 2015 in Karachi, Pakistan. Cases were from the surgical oncology department of a public sector tertiary care hospital, while their two pair-matched controls were recruited from the general population. A structured questionnaire was used which included questions related to demographic characteristics, family history, dietary patterns, addictive behavior and bowel habits. Results: A family history of cancer was associated with a 2.2 fold higher chance of developing CRC. Weight loss reduced the likelihood 7.6 times. Refraining from a high fat diet and consuming more vegetables showed protective effects for CRC. The risk of CRC was more than twice among smokers and those who consumed Asian specific addictive products as compared to those who avoid using these addictions (ORsmoking: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.08 - 4.17, ORpan: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.6 - 5.33, ORgutka: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.14 - 3.97). Use of NSAID attenuated risk of CRC up to 86% (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.07 - 0.31). Conclusions: Most of the findings showed concordance with the literature elucidating protective effects of consuming vegetables and low fat diet while documenting adverse associations with family history, weight loss, constipation and hematochezia. Moreover, this study highlighted Asian specific indigenous addictive products as important factors. Further studies are needed to validate the findings produced by this research.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.419-431
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrient intake and food behavior according to the nutrition knowledge of middle school students residing in Seoul and Kyunggi-do, Korea. Anthropometric measurements and questionnaires, including 24-hr recall of dietary intake, were collected from 543 male and female middle school students. They were assigned to one of five groups according to their nutrition knowledge : very high group (VHG ; 90 - 100 score), high group (HG ; 80 - 90 score), normal group (NG ; 70 - 80 score), low group (LG ; 60 - 70 score) and very low group (VLG ; < 60 score), and comparisons were made. The mean age of the subjects was 13.7 years old. The mean height, weight, and BMI of male and female students were 161.9 cm, 52.6 kg and 20.2 kg/$m^2$, 157.0 cm, 50.4 kg, and 20.4 kg/$m^2$ respectively. Female students skip breakfast and dinner more frequently than male students do. Male students skipp lunch and eat fast foods more frequently than females do. Protein, calcium, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, niacin, vitamin C, fat, and animal protein intakes in females are shown to be related to their nutrition knowledge. Calcium, protein, animal protein, vitamin B$_2$and niacin intakes are significantly lower in the VLG than in the others. However, vitamin B$_1$and vitamin C intakes are significantly lower both in VHG and VLG. Fat intake in VHG is lowest. Nutrition knowledge of male students is correlated with mothers knowledge, nutrition attitude and nutritional status. On the other hand, in female students, nutrient consumption was lowest in subjects whose nutrition knowledge was highest and lowest. Therefore, nutrient consumption is affected by nutrition knowledge. However, in female students, possibly due to wrong information on diet or prejudice and outlook, nutrient consumption was low even when they scored high in nutrition knowledge. In conclusion, nutrition knowledge of male students is affected by the mothers nutritional knowledge and attitude. Therefore, nutrition education for mothers is very important. In male students, as their nutrition knowledge is low, their nutrient consumption is affect. These results indicate nutrition education and correct information for body image, balanced diet, regularity of meals and food selection for middle school students are required at both school and home.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.403-409
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• 2016

This study is a food shopping experience of omni-channel. Food threats and healthy living concerns bring different channels in led to increase reasonable way such as various demand. Omni-channels should be premised on understanding customer behavior as well as empirical user types in which considerations including the value of experience and understanding consumer behavior. Online survey result showed that, (1)offline food shopping, major retail store with quality, buy fresh food directly 2~3 times a month (2)online food shopping, e-commerce site with costs, buy fruits & nuts 2~3 times a month. After in-depth interview with eight high quality participants, I analyzed needs for food shopping experience in regard to the four steps food purchasing journey then derived a persona with integral value 'health' and 'diet'. It is classified into two types. One is the primary persona, family and health oriented, considering household money 'saving', and other is secondary persona, work and personal oriented, looking forward to 'automatic supply'. The result of this study provided an insight that help us explore ways to resolve function and services in the context of a healthy and balanced diet for improving food shopping experience of omni-channel.