• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.229-246
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the two different teaching methods of elementary mathematics in the traditional method and in the constructive view. To do so, the actual class in the constructive view has been made for about four months using a class of 45 students in the second grade of an elementary school. After the class was finished, we collected diverse data from the class, such as the responses from the children(self-evaluation, mathematics diary, observation by the investigator, daily report), class evaluation report by other teacher and so on. The results of this research are as follows: First, the traditional class reaches at the goal of learning in a unit time because the class is guided by the teacher but the class in the constructive view is a little flexible because it is contextual. Second, in the constructive process of mathematical knowledge we knew that small group activities or discussion without intervention of teacher was often ended in exhaustive argument without arriving at valid social consensus. Third, the attitude in mathematics was changed from the passive one to the self-regulated ones. Fourth, the class in the constructive view could extend not only the ability of mathematical communication but also the ability of self-directed learning of children. Fifth, it was a considerable change the role of teacher, that is, guide of instruction instead of unique specialist in the classroom. Sixth, finally, the evaluation was made after finishing a unit class in the traditional instruction but it was integrated in a class in a constructive view.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle modification program for Korean adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors on their health behaviors and health status. Methods: A total of 448 adults with abdominal obesity and additional cardiovascular disease risk factors(high blood pressure, low HDL-cholesterol, high triglyceride or high blood glucose) were randomly assigned to either an intensive intervention group (IIG, n=216) or a minimal intervention group(MIG, n=232). Participants in the IIG received lifestyle modification program which consisted of health counseling with nutrition assessment, health booklet and health diary, while those in MIG received minimal information. Results: The participants in the IIG significantly improved dietary habits(p<.05), retrained eating(p<.001), external eating(p<.01) behaviors, leisure time physical activity(p<.05), dietary self-efficacy(p<.01), exercise self-efficacy(p<.01) and MetS score(p<.001) after 3 months. In addition, the participants in the IIG showed more improvement in dietary habits(p<.05) compared with those in the MIG. Conclusion: The lifestyle modification program was effective in improving some health behaviors, behavioral determinants and cardiovascular risk factors for a short term.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the program theory of a lifestyle intervention program for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Methods: The program evaluated is a tailored intervention for multiple health behavior associated with metabolic syndrome which is informed by theoretical constructs from the Intervention Mapping and Transtheoretical model. The program components include one-to-one health counseling, a self-management handbook, and a health diary. To evaluate program impact theory we examined the logic of program goals and objectives, intervention methods and strategies, and the theoretical constructs of program materials through document review and matrix building. Results: This evaluation has found that the intervention program applied social cognitive theory constructs to design intervention methods and strategies in addition to the Transtheoretical model: self-monitoring for goal setting and monitoring skill, outcome expectation for the benefits of health behavior change, and interaction with environment for observational learning through modeling. While the intervention addresses multiple determinants and behaviors, it is limited to an individual level and lacks social and environmental approaches. Following the Transtheoretical framework, the contents of the intervention materials were developed utilizing consciousness raising as a main strategy for earlier stages of change, and counterconditioning and stimulus control for later stages of change. Conclusion: Program theory evaluation can be a process of enhancing program validity. It would also be necessary for providing basis for efficient program implementation. When comparisons of program theory between similar programs are possible, program theory and validity will be strengthened when comparisons of program theories between similar programs are possible.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2017

Objectives: Exposure to hazardous air pollutants could be affected by sociodemographic factors such as age, gender and more. Information on time spent in microenvironments has a critical role in exposure assessment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the exposure pathways which influence personal exposure through time-activity patterns and sociodemographic factors. Methods: A total of 379 subjects were collected from the second term of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey. A questionnaire survey in relation to sociodemographic factors and a time-activity diary were carried out for personal exposure to toluene. Focusing on personal exposure to toluene, factors affecting personal exposure were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results: Participants spent their time in an indoor house for $16.8{\pm}4.0hr$, workplace or school $2.3{\pm}3.5hr$, and other indoor $2.1{\pm}2.2hr$. Sociodemographic factors were significantly different among each personal exposure and microenvironment. Time of staying at an office turned out to be a main factor from point of exposure in exposure pathway using multiple regression analysis. As a result, this means that exposure may be different according to the time of staying in each microenvironment. Conclusions: Personal exposure to air pollutants might be decided by time-activity pattern indicating when, where, and which activities people pursue, as well as individual sociodemographic factors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2020

Purpose: This pilot study aimed to describe children's social contact patterns and to analyze factors related to their social contacts. Methods: The participants were 30 children aged ≥13 months to <7 years, whose teachers at childcare centers and parents at home were asked to maintain diaries of their social contacts prospectively for 24 hours. Data were collected from November 30, 2018, to January 7, 2019. Results: The 30 participating children were in contact with 363 persons in a 24-hours period (mean, 12.1±9.1). The number of contacts showed significant relationships with day of the week (p<.001), number of family members/cohabitants (p=.015), area of residence (p=.003), and type of housing (p=.002). A multiple regression model showed significantly higher numbers of contacts on weekdays (B=10.64, p=.010). Physical versus non-physical types of contact showed significant differences in terms of duration, location, and frequency (p<.001). The duration of contacts showed significant relationships with their location and frequency (p<.001), while the frequency of contacts was significantly related to their location (p<.001). Conclusion: This is the first survey describing the characteristics of Korean preschool children's social contacts. Further large-scale social contact studies of children should be conducted.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2014

Purpose: This research investigated the degree and predictors of hot flashes and hypogonadism symptoms in patients with prostate cancer receiving hormone replacement therapy. Methods: The subjects were 111 patients with prostate cancer receiving hormone replacement therapy in two university hospitals located in D city. The measurement tools included Hot Flash Diary and AMS (Aging Male's Symptoms rating scales). The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The percentage of patients who experienced hot flashes among the participants was 14.4%. The predictors for hot flashes were eating irregularly, having coffee frequently and the types of hormone. The average score of hypogonadism symptom was 2.16 out of five-point scale and the highest score of hypogonadism symptom was the sexual symptoms (2.77 out of five-point scale). The predictors for hypogonadism symptom were eating habits and years of having the illness. Conclusion: These findings provide the information that irregularly eating habit was an important factor in hot flashes and hypogonadism symptoms of the participants. Therefore the development of a nutritional education encouraging regular meals is necessary for the given population.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.765-774
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• 2010

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to explain the phenomena of hot flashes in climacteric women by using Mexameter, Skin Thermometer, Corneometer, and Laser Doppler Perfusion Imager (LDPI) objectively and to identify the interrelation between the subjective and objective measurements of hot flashes by comparing the two as reported in retrospective questionnaires. Methods: The participants were one hundred women (45-60 yr) who were not currently on hormone therapy, and had reached hot flash scores of 10 or higher. Hot flashes were measured in a temperature and humidity controlled room for 7 hr from 10 am to 5 pm. Hot flashes were measured subjectively and recorded via the Hot Flash Diary Report. When participants felt the hot flashes, they were measured objectively by Mexameter, Skin Thermometer, Corneometer, and LDPI. Results: The frequency of hot flashes in participants ranged from 1 to 7 times. When hot flashes occurred in participants, the erythema, skin temperature, skin hydration, and blood perfusion showed statistically significant changes in all measurements. But, the subjective and objective measurements of hot flashes showed only weak correlations. Conclusion: Results indicate a need for future research with subjective and objective measuring instruments chosen depending variations identified for the study.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2024

This study explored the overall perception of teaching media from the perspective of pre-service teachers. For this purpose, reflection journals written by 138 pre-service teachers were analyzed, and positive and negative perceptions of teaching media were explored. In the reflection diary, pre-service teachers were asked to write down examples of appropriate use of instructional media and the effects of their experiences, cases of inappropriate use of instructional media, and areas requiring improvement. The main research results are as follows. First, the positive aspects of teaching media perceived by prospective teachers were that it presented examples that could help understanding, aroused curiosity to focus attention, and encouraged participation to motivate learning. Second, the negative aspects of teaching media perceived by prospective teachers include cases where the playback time of the video containing learning content is excessively long and the content of the video is unclear or is higher than the learner's level and difficult to understand. This study is significant in that it presents pre-service teachers experiences and perceptions of teaching media and their desirable use methods.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.53-74
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• 2023

본 연구는 자연과학분야 연구자들이 펀딩을 획득하기 위해 연구계획서를 작성할 때 발생하는 정보요구 및 정보추구행동과 이러한 정보행동에 영향을 미치는 요소를 파악하는 것을 목표로 한다. 정보행동의 하위분야인 과업중심 정보추구행동을 바탕으로, 질적연구방법인 심층면담과 다이어리 연구를 통해 연구자들의 정보행동에 대해 조사하였다. 연구결과로 자연과학분야 연구자들의 연구계획서 작성과 관련된 구체적인 하위업무가 드러났는데 커뮤니케이션 관련 업무가 제일 활발히 수행되었다. 그리고 펀딩 지원 관련, 연구 설계 관련 정보요구가 발생하였고 정보요구 해결을 위해 인적자원, 문서, 온라인 데이터베이스, 웹사이트가 주된 정보원으로 이용되었다. 이러한 정보행동에는 개인적 요소, 과업관련 요소, 사회문화적 요소가 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 드러났다. 본 연구의 결과는 연구자의 펀딩 확보 활동에 관련된 정보행동에 대한 이해를 높이고 연구자의 펀딩 지원을 돕기 위한 정보서비스 전략 수립의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2011

Objectives : The purposes of this preliminary study was to examine the feasibility of recruiting women into a clinical trial designed to examine the effects of acupuncture in treating urinary incontinence (UI) in premenopausal women with delivery history and the feasibility of performing the study procedures. We also tried to determine if there was preliminary evidence to suggest that acupuncture may be effective in reducing UI and improving disease-specific quality of life. Methods : This study was a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Subjects between the ages of 20 and 49 years were randomly assigned to a treatment(n=11) or control group(n=11) and analyzed. Both groups were supposed to do Kegel exercise at home during 4 weeks and acupuncture was applied to the treatment group twice a week(8 sessions) additionally. Subjects performed 1 hour pad test and completed a 3-day urination diary, international consultation on incontinence modular questionnaire(ICIQ), and incontinence - quality of life(I-QOL) at base line and 5 weeks. Results : Both group showed improvement in 1 hour pad test and the reducing amount of UI was significantly larger in treatment group(p=0.0182). The significant improvements in ICIQ and I-QOL were also observed in treatment group and sustained until the follow-up measurement at 16 weeks. Any adverse reaction related to acupuncture did not happen. Conclusions : It was feasible to recruit subjects and perform the study procedures. The positive results of this study support the requirement for additional research investigating the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of UI in women.