• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.234-239
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to find out the nature of language variation by exploring the ways of the progress of the language variation that produces all English-lects, i.e., the World Englishes. The study of language variation in linguistics is a hybrid enterprise, so the study of World Englishes has led to the recognition of a highly diverse set of all English-lects, encompassing regional dialects, sociolects, ethnolects and (post-)colonial dialects of World Englishes. In this paper, we propose a hybrid language variation model with three interacting factors of social distancing, on/off-contact, and linguistic diversity to examine the characteristics of language variation. In the context of World Englishes, the social distance is typically low in terms of their local location (country/speech) for local purposes. The social distance also varies based on online/offline communication modes and other social factors like gender, age and ethnic groups, resulting in all English-lects. To clarify the nature of World Englishes, the core Englishes, BrE, AmE and CanE are discussed here.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.819-829
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• 2017

In this paper, we describe the current state of speech recognition technology and identify the basic speech recognition technology and algorithms first, and then explain the code flow of API necessary for speech recognition technology. We use the application programming interface (API) of Google, Naver, and Daum KaKao, which have the most famous search engine among the speech recognition APIs, to create a voice recognition app in the Android studio tool. Then, we perform a speech recognition experiment on people's standard words and dialects according to gender, age, and region, and then organize the recognition rates into a table. Experiments were conducted on the Gyeongsang-do, Chungcheong-do, and Jeolla-do provinces where the degree of tongues was severe. And Comparative experiments were also conducted on standardized dialects. Based on the resultant sentences, the accuracy of the sentence is checked based on spacing of words, final consonant, postposition, and words and the number of each error is represented by a number. As a result, we aim to introduce the advantages of each API according to the speech recognition rate, and to establish a basic framework for the most efficient use.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.369-372
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• 1999

본 연구는 제주방언의 억양 패턴에 대하여 실험음성학적 분석을 하였다. 이전의 제주방언에 대한 음성 음운론적 연구는 거의 분절음 연구에 국한되었다. 억양 패턴 분석은 K-ToBI 레이블링 시스템에서 사용하는 성조기호를 사용하여 수행되었다 제주 방언의 운율구는 서울말, 전남방언과 같이 억양구와, 그 하위 층에 악센트구 두 개로 이루어져 있다. 본 연구는 크게 억양구의 경계성조 유형 연구와 악센트구의 성조 연구를 수행하였다. 억양구 경계성조로는 서울말과 같이 $L\%,\;H\%$를 기본으로 하여 $HL\%,\;LHL\%,\;HLHL\%,\;LHLHL\%,\;LH\%,\;HLH\%,\;LHLH\%,\;HLTLH\%$ 등의 유형과 그 외 제주방언만의 유형 또한 관찰되었다. 악센트구의 성조패턴 연구는 음절수와 억양구내 악센트구의 위치를 변수로 하여 살펴보았다. 제주방언의 악센트구 기본 성조는 'LH'로서 마지막 음절에서 ?'가 실현되는 패턴이다. 음절수가 많아지면 마지막 둘째음절에 아주 완만한 피치상승을 보이긴 하나 'H'로 기술하기에는 부적절하였다 유성음화의 범위는 서울방언에서와 같이 악센트구로 나타났다. 강자음이 악센트구 초에 올 때 ?'성조로 시작이 되었으며 피험자에 따라 'H'성조가 첫째음절에서만 실현되고 바로 하강하던가 또는 둘째음절까지 지속되는 것이 관찰되었다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to see the effects of pitch and length patterns on spoken word recognition. In Experiment 1, a syllable monitoring task was used to see the effects of pitch and length on the pre-lexical level of spoken word recognition. For both Seoul dialect speakers and Daegu dialect speakers, pitch and length did not affect the syllable detection processes. This result implies that there is little effect of pitch and length in pre-lexical processing. In Experiment 2, a lexical decision task was used to see the effect of pitch and length on the lexical access level of spoken word recognition. In this experiment, word frequency (low and high) as well as pitch and length was manipulated. The results showed that pitch and length information did not play an important role for Seoul dialect speakers, but that it did affect lexical decision processing for Daegu dialect speakers. Pitch and length seem to affect lexical access during the word recognition process of Daegu dialect speakers.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.02a
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• pp.179-182
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• 1996

This thesis compares the duration aspect of Daegu tongue with that of standard Korean. In the former study on the rhythm of standard Korean, one of the purposes of the study was to compare it with dialects. This thesis is the first attempt In do that. For this purpose, this thesis proceeds as follows. After Introduction, Chapter 2 surveys the former study, Chapter 3 deals with the materials, method and results of the experiment. Chapter 4 analyzes and interprets the results of the experiment. In Conclusion, the most prominent fact is that the results of the experiment fall short of Daegu tongue speakers' expectations. Daegu tongue is generally considered as ' tone language. ' And as Daegu tongue speakers sensitively recognize pitch, they think that they quitckly say the syllables between the pitch stressed syllables, whereas standard Korean speakers say those syllables relatively slowly. But in this experiment, which deals with only duration ignoring pitch, their assumption is proved to be false.

• MALSORI
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• no.41
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• pp.1-18
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to slove problems with English pronunciation education and to correct the misbelief that misbelief that English pronunciation can be thught effectiverly by native speakers or good speakers. Best sellers have many mistakes even in the description of sounds and most English education departments in national universities teach English phonetics theoretically only for 1 semester, More than 10 years' investigation into native speakers' and good speakers' teaching methods in various ways confirmed that they couldn't know English phonetics teachers should have a theoretical and practical knowledge of phonetics of English and students' dialects and the abilities to find the same or similar English sounds their students can make in normal or abnormal situations, to make both correct sounds and incorrect ones their students can make and to make them perceive the differences by using various ways.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2000

This paper investigates how individual speakers' speech can be distinguished using acoustic parameters such as amplitude, pitch, and formant frequencies. Word samples from fifteen male speakers in their 20's in three different regions were recorded in two different modes (i.e., casual and clear speech) in quiet settings, and were analyzed with a Praat macro scrip. In order to determine individual speakers' acoustical values, the total duration of voicing segments was measured in five different timepoints. Results showed that a high correlation coefficient between $F_1\;and\;F_2$ in formant frequency was found among the speakers although there was little correlation coefficient between amplitude and pitch. Statistical grouping shows that individual speakers' voices were not reflected in regional dialects for both casual and clear speech. In addition, the difference of maximum and minimum in amplitude was about 10 dB which indicates a perceptually audible degree. These acoustic data can give some meaningful guidelines for implementing algorithms of speaker identification and speaker verification.

• MALSORI
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• no.27_28
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• pp.89-109
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• 1994

This thesis compares the duration aspect of the Daegu tongue with that of standard Korean. In the former study on the rhythm of standard Korean, one of the purposes of the study was to compare it with dialects. This thesis is the first attempt to do that. For this purpose, this thesis proceeds as follows. After Introduction, Chapter 2 surveys the former study. Chapter 3 deals with the materials, method and results of the experiment. Chapter 4 analyzes and interprets the results of the experiment, In Conclusion, the most Prominent fact is that the results of the experiment fall short of Daegu tongue speakers' expectations. The Daegu tongue is generally considered as a 'tone language.' And as Daegu tongue speakers sensitively recognize pitch, they think that they quickly say the syllables between the Pitch stressed syllables, whereas standard Korean speakers say those syllables relatively slowly, But in this experiment, which deals with only duration ignoring Pitch, their assumption is proved to be false.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.234-239
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to examine the viability of simulating one dialect with the speech segments of another dialect through prosody cloning. The hypothesis is that, among Korean regional dialects, it is not the segmental differences but the prosodic differences that play a major role in authentic dialect perception. This work intends to support the hypothesis by simulating Masan dialect with the speech segments from Seoul dialect. The dialect simulation was performed by transplanting the prosodic features of Masan utterances unto the same utterances produced by a Seoul speaker. Thus, the simulated Masan utterances were composed of Seoul speech segments but their prosody came from the original Masan utterances. The prosodic features involved were the fundamental frequency contour, the segmental durations, and the intensity contour. The simulated Masan utterances were evaluated by four native Masan speakers and the role of prosody in dialect authentication and speech synthesis was discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.379-383
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• 1996

This paper compares the duration aspect of Daegu tongue with that of standard Korean. In the former study on the rhythm of standard Korean, one of the purposes of the study was to compare it with dialects. This paper is the first attempt to do that. For this purpose, this paper proceeds as follows. After Introduction, Chapter 2 surveys the former study. Chapter 3 deals with the materials, method and results of the experiment. Chapter 4 analyzes and interprets the results of the experiment. In Conclusion, the most prominent fact is that the results of the experiment fall short of Daegu tongue speakers' expectations. Daegu tongue is generally considered as "tone language." And as Daegu tongue speakers sensitively recognize pitch, they think that they quitckly say the syllables between the pitch stressed syllables, whereas standard Korean speakers say those syllables relatively slowly. But in this experiment, which deals with only duration ignoring pitch, their assumption is proved to be false.