• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

Objectives : The 7-zone-diagnostic system is a device for predetermining bodily locations by measuring the energy of the living body. The purpose of this study is to examine correlations between gastroscopy results and zone-5 data from the 7-zone-diagnostic system. Methods : This study was carried out with data from gastroscopy procedures. It involved 115 patients who had been diagnosed with gastritis, esophagitis, or gastric ulcers. These patients were divided into three groups according to the different patterns of zone-5 factors AA, FL2 and FL1. Group A was made up of patients for whom the red bar graph of zone-5 was higher than the normal range for factor AA. Group B was made up of patients for whom the red bar graph of zone-5 was within the normal range for factor AA. Group C was made up of patients for whom the red bar graph of zone-5 was lower than the normal range for factor AA. Group D E and F were made up of same way as group A B and C for factor FL2. Group G H and I were made up of same way as group A B and C for factor FL1. After the collection of gastroscopy results and data on zone-5 from the 7-zone-diagnostic system, the data was analyzed statistically. Results : 1. Group D had a higher ratio of medication than group E, and this result was statistically significant. 2. Group D G had a higher ratio of medication than group E G and group E H, and this result was statistically significant. 3. Group G had a higher ratio of esophagitis than group H, and this result was statistically significant. 4. A Group B H had a higher ratio of esophagitis than group B G, group C G, and group C H, and this result was statistically significant. 5. The medication group had a high score on the function index than the non-medication group, and this result was statistically significant. Conclusions : This study suggests that there is a slight correlation between gastroscopy results and zone-5 data from the 7-zone-diagnostic system. The research resulted in significant data that are helpful for diagnosing digestive system problems through the use of the 7-zone-diagnostic system.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2007

A new blue phosphorescent material for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), Iridium(III)bis[2-(4-fIuoro-3-benzonitrile)-pyridinato-N,C2'] picolinate (Firpic-CN), was synthesized and studied. We compared characteristics of Firpic-CN and Bis(3,5-Difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl) iridium III (FIrpic) which has been used for blue dopant materials frequently. The devices structure were indium tin oxide (ITO) (1000 ${\AA}$)/N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(2-napthyl)-(1,1'-phenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) (500 ${\AA}$)/4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphyenyl (CBP) : FIrpic and FIrpic-CN (X wt%)/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen) (300 ${\AA}$)/lithum quinolate (Liq) (20 ${\AA}$)/Al (1000 ${\AA}$). 15 wt% FIrpic-CN doped device exhibits a luminance of $1450\;cd/m^2$ at 12.4 V, luminous efficiency of 1.31 cd/A at $3.58mA/cm^2$, and Commission Internationale d'Eclairage $(CIE_{x,y})$ coordinates of (0.15, 0.12) at 12 V which shows a very deep blue emission. We also measured lifetime of devices and was presented definite difference between devices of FIrpic and FIrpic-CN. Device with FIrpic-CN as a dopant presented lower longevity due to chemical effect of CN ligand.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.381-381
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• 2010

$(ZrO_2)_{0.66}(HfO_2)_{0.34}$ thin films as gate dielectrics have been proposed to overcome the problems of tunneling current and degradation mobility inachieving a thin equivalent oxide thickness. An extremely thin $SiO_2$ layer is used in order to separate the carrier in MOSFET channel from the dielectric field fluctuation caused by phonons in the dielectric which decreases the carrier mobility. The electronic and optical properties influenced the device performance to a great extent. $(ZrO_2)_{0.66}(HfO_2)_{0.34}$ dielectric films on p-Si (100) were grown by atomic layer deposition method, for which the conduction band offsets, valence band offsets and band gapswere obtained by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy. The band gap, valence and conduction band offset values for $(ZrO_2)_{0.66}(HfO_2)_{0.34}$ dielectric thin film, grown on Si substrate were about 5.34, 2.35 and 1.87 eV respectively. This band alignment was similar to that of $ZrO_2$. In addition, The dielectric function (k, $\omega$), index of refraction n and the extinction coefficient k for the $(ZrO_2)_{0.66}(HfO_2)_{0.34}$ thin films were obtained from a quantitative analysis of REELS data by comparison to detailed dielectric response model calculations using the QUEELS-$\varepsilon$(k, $\omega$)-REELS software package. These optical properties are similar with $ZrO_2$ dielectric thin films.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2009

Polystyrene (PS) microspheres were used to good advantage as a template material to prepare macroporous $TiO_2$ thin films. This is enabled to run the thermal decomposition of the PS without the collapsing of the 3-D macroporous framework during the calcination step. $TiO_2$ thin films were deposited onto the colloidal templated substrates at room temperature by RF sputtering, and then samples were thermally treated at $450^{\circ}C$ for 40.min in air to remove the organic colloidal template and induce crystallization of the $TiO_2$ film. The macroporous $TiO_2$ thin film exhibited a quasi-ordered partially hexagonal close-packed structure. Burst holes, estimated to be formed during PS thermal decomposition, are seen as the hemisphere walls. the inner as well as the outer surfaces of the hollow hemispheres formed by the method of thermal decomposition can be easily accessed by the diffusing gas species. As a consequence, the active surface area interacting with the gas species is expected to be enlarged about by a factor of fourth as large as compared to that of a planar films. Also the thickness at neighboring hemisphere could be controlled a few nm thickness. If the acceptor density becomes as large that depletion width reaches those thickness, the device is in the pinch off-situation and a strong resistance change should be observed.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2006

Purpose: To demonstrate that water bolus in the patient surface can decrease the dose inhomogeneity by patient surface large tissue defect when the surface is in an electron-beam field. And We tried to find a easy way to water control. Methods and Materials: To demonstrate the use of water bolus in the irregular surface clinically, the case of a patient with myxofibrosarcoma of the chest wall who was treated with electrons. We obtained dose distribution using missing tissue option of PINACLE 6.2b (ADAC, USA). We fabricate a Mev-green for water bolus in patient with defect of tissue. Then put the water bolus which is vinyl packed water into the designed Mev-green. We peformed CT scan with CT-simulator. Three-dimensional (3D) dose distributions with and without water bolus in the large irregular chest wall were calculated for a representative patient. Resulting dose distributions and dose-volume histograms of water bolus were compared with missing tissue option and non bolus plans. We fabricate a new water control device. Results: Controlled Water bolus markedly decrease the dose heterogeneity, and minimizes normal tissue exposure caused by the surface irregularities of the chest wall mass. In the test case, The non bolus plan has a maximum target dose of 132%. After applying water bolus, the maximum target dose has been reduced substantially to 110.4%. The maximum target dose was reduced by 21.6% using this technique. Conclusion: The results showed that controlled water bolus could significantly improve the dose homogeneity in the PTV for patients treated with electron therapy using water control device. This technique may reduce the incidence of normal organ complications that occur after electron-beam therapy in irregular surface. And our new device shows handiness of water control.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1122-1127
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• 1998

Group II-AF_2$films such as $CaF_2$, $SrF_2$, and $BaF_2$ have been commonly used many practical applications such as silicon on insulatro(SOI), three-dimensional integrated circuits, buffer layers, and gate dielectrics in filed effect transistor. This paper presents electrical and structural properties of fluoride films as a gate dielectric layer. Conventional gate dielectric materials of TFTs like oxide group exhibited problems on high interface trap charge density($D_it$), and interface state incorporation with O-H bond created by mobile hydrogen and oxygen atoms. To overcome such problems in conventional gate insulators, we have investigated $CaF_2$ films on Si substrates. Fluoride films were deposited using a high vacuum evaporation method on the Si and glass substrate. $CaF_2$ films were preferentially grown in (200) plane direction at room temperature. We were able to achieve a minimum lattice mismatch of 0.74% between Si and $CaF_2$ films. Average roughness of $CaF_2$ films was decreased from 54.1 ${\AA}$ to 8.40 ${\AA}$ as temperature increased form RT and $300^{\circ}C$. Well fabricated MIM device showed breakdown electric field of 1.27 MV/cm and low leakage current of $10^{-10}$ A/$cm^2$. Interface trap charge density between $CaF_2$ film and Si substrate was as low as $1.8{\times}10^{11}cm^{-2}eV^{-1}$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 1979

In order to obtain a standard reference for designing an adequate power rice transplanter, the cutting forces depending upon variety of seedling, sowing density, seedling age and soil moisture content of mat-type seedling were measured by the rice transplanter installed with force measuring device of dynamic strain gage system in the laboratory. The result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Cutting velocity and acceleration transplanting hoe obtained from jinematic analysis of planting mechanism was 1.32m/sec and 81.5m/$sec^2$ when planting crank-shaft rpm was 160. 2. Little difference between cutting forces on 30-days old seelings of japonica and Indica type was observed, as the cutting forces determined were 2.0kg per hill for Japonica type and 2.1kg per hill for Indica type. 3. Cutting forces determined on 40-days old seedlings were 2.5kg, 2.3kg, 3.1kg and 2.9kg per hill for Milyang No.15, Tongil, Akibare and Milyang No.23 compared to the other varieties. 4. The cutting force was not greatly affected by the sowing densities , only five percent of differences were observed epending upon the sowing densities. 5. Cutting forces were 2.7kg and 2.0kg per hill on 40-days old seedlings and 30-days old seedlings respectively. About 38 percent of more forces was required in cutting 40-days old seedling than in cutting 30-days old seedlings. 6. More cutting forces were required as soil moisture content of mat-type seedling was decreased. 7. Root length after cutting by the planting hoe and their relationships with soil moisture content on 30-days old seedlings, are as follows ; $y=4.147-11.384x+ 28.854x^2$ where , $y$=root length after cutting. (cm) , $x$=soil ture content of mat type seedlings.(%, d.b.) 8. Cutting forces were varied with the width of cuttings ; those on 40-days old mat type seedlings were 2.7kg and 2.2kg per hill when cutting with 14 mm and 10mm of width respectively, about 32 percent of more forces was required when cuting with 14mm of width compared to 10mm of width.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.661-666
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• 2009

1-{2,4-Di-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl}-2-(2-thienyl)ethene (5) was prepared and condensed with terephthaloyl chloride to yield polyester (6). Polymer 6 was reacted with tetracyanoethylene to give novel Y-type polyester (7) containing 1-(2,4-dioxyethoxy)phenyl-2-{5-(2,2,3-tricyanovinyl)-2-thienyl)}ethenyl groups as NLO-chromophores, which are parts the polymer backbones. Polymer 7 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It showed thermal stability up to 300 ${^{\circ}C}$ in thermogravimetric analysis with glasstransition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 134 ${^{\circ}C}$. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient ($d_33$) of poled polymer film at the 1560 nm fundamental wavelength was around 6.74 x $10^{-9}$ esu. The dipole alignment exhibited high thermal stability up to the glass-transition temperature ($Tg$), and there was no SHG decay below 135 ${^{\circ}C}$ because of the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.678-681
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• 2003

In this paper, we aims to develop a microcontroll er-based portable pulse oximeter using Compact Flash Interface. First, portable pulse oxineter system is designed to record 2 channel of biosignals simultaneously, including 1 channel of SpO$_2$ and 1 channel of pulse rate. It is very small and portable. Besides, the system makes it possible to measure a patients condition without an additional medical equipment. We tried to solve the problems generated by a patient's motion. That is, we added an analog circuit to a traditional pulse oximeter in order to eliminate the change of the base line. And we used 2D sector algorithm. As present, SpO$_2$ modules are completed. But there are still many further development needed in order to enhance the function. Especially, compact flash interface remains the most to complete. Second, ECG monitoring system uses almost same as present 3-lead ECG system. But we focus on the analog part, especially in filter. The proposed filter is composed of two parts. One is a filter to remove the power-line interface. The other is a filter to remove the baseline drift. A filter to remove the power-line and the baseline drift is necessarily used in the ECG system. The implemented filter have three features; minimizing the distortion in DC component, removing the harmonic component of power-line frequency. Using compact flash interface, we can easily transfer a patient's personal information and the measured signal data to a network based server environment. That means, it is possible to implement a patient's monitoring system with low cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.194-194
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• 2008

Lead oxide based ceramics, represented by PZT, are the most widely used materials for piezoelectric actuators, sensors, and transducers due to their excellent piezoelectric properties. In particular, high-performance multilayered piezoelectric ceramics for advanced electronic components have drawn great attention. In order to develop piezoelectric ceramics capable of being sintered at low temperature for multilayer piezoelectric device applications, the effect of CuO additions on the microstructures and electromechanical properties of the 0.4Pb$(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-0.25PbZrO_3-0.35PbTiO_3$ ceramics was investigated. The samples with CuO addition were synthesized by ordinary sintering technique. X-ray diffractions indicated that all samples formed a single phase perovskite structure. The addition of CuO improved the sinterability of the samples and caused an increase in the density and grain size at low temperature. The optimum sintering temperature was lowered by CuO additions. Excellent piezoelectric and electromechanical responses, $d_{33}$ ~ 663 pC/N, $k_p$ ~ 0.72, were obtained for the samples of high density with 0.1 wt% CuO addition sintered at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 4 h in air. These results show that the piezoelectric properties of PMNZT ceramics can be improved by controlling the microstructure and this system is potentially a good candidate as multilayer piezoelectric device for a wide range of electro-mechanical transducer applications.