• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.488-494
• /
• 1992

Three clones containing mouse CD4 gene were prepared using AKR genomic cosmid library. The role of 6, 500 bp 5' flanking region of the first exon of the AKR CD4 gene in tissue or developmental stage specific expression of CD4 has been studied. The deletion constructs containing various amounts of CD4 5' flanking sequences were prepared, and they were transfected into the cell lines representing different cell types or developmental stages of CD4 expression. Study of the reporter gene expression revealed that at least 1, 700 bp of 5' flanking region did retain promoter activity for CD4 expression. This area did not seem to contain enhancer activity for a full expression of CD4. However, the putative promoter interacted with other tissue specific enhancer sequence and showed the tissue specificity of the enhancer element.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.173-189
• /
• 2009

This study investigated contextual characteristics and developmental functions of time spent alone in early adolescence. Participants were 107 6th grade elementary school students. The Experience Sampling Method was used to measure experiences of time spent alone. Findings were that : (1) 2.6% of an early adolescents' daily waking time was involuntarily spent alone and 14.8% was voluntarily spent alone. (2) Psychological states of voluntary time spent alone were more positive than those of involuntary time spent alone, and psychological states of voluntary time spent alone were not significantly different from those of time spent with family members or friends. (3) Experiences during voluntary time spent alone were related to adjustment, suggesting that time spent alone during early adolescence contributes to positive development.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.185-200
• /
• 1998

This research examined the development in Korean children of the comprehension of complex sentences. The relative difficulty in comprehension of the temporal conjunctions "before" and "after" was investigated. The order of mention, contextual support, and syntactic appearance was controlled. The role of cognitive strategies and developmental changes in the comprehension of these conjunction was included in this study. Subjects were 90 preschool children between 3 and 5 years of age. The task was a sentence-picture matching problem having 3 types of sentences combining temporally with "before" or "after". The results were that developmental changes in comprehension of the temporal conjunctions "before' and "after" in Korean children depended on the order of mention, contextual support, and such syntactic factors as the position of the subject of the sentence. The importance of the consistency in the occurrence of events and the order of mention in the acquisition of complex sentences among Korean children is similar to the acquisition of complex sentences in other languages.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.79-95
• /
• 2008

This study investigated developmental pathways mediating effects of child abuse on peer rejection. Participants were 904 poor children aged 10-15 from 16 nationwide cities/provinces who receive financial sponsorship from Childfund in cooperation with the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs. Structural equation modeling was employed for statistical analyses. Results showed that child abuse was directly associated with heightened risk of rejection by peers; the relationship was indirectly mediated by aggression and cognitive ability. The hypothesized partially mediated model had a better model fit than the fully mediated model. Aggression and low cognitive ability, significant effects of abuse, were associated with peer rejection. Social withdrawal, also associated with child abuse, did not account for the association between abuse and peer rejection.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of We Start home visiting intervention program on the positive changes of infants and their low-income families. The subjects were 171 18~36-month olds and their mothers living in We Start and non We Start areas. The instruments used were Developmental Profile, Cleminshaw-Guidubaldi Parent Satisfaction Scale(CGPSS) and Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment(HOME). The results were as follows: First, the result of Developmental Profile showed positive changes in all domains(physical development, self-help skills, social development, cognitive development, and communication ability). Second, the result of CGPSS showed positive effects on parent-child relationships. Third, the result of HOME showed positive effects on mothers' emotional and language responses. In conclusion, We Start home visiting program for infants from low-income families is an effective early intervention program to end intergenerational transition of poverty in Korea.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.464-467
• /
• 1999

Rapid progress in the modeling of biological structures and simulation of their development has occurred over the last few years. Cellular automata (CA) and Lindenmayer-system(L-system) are the representative models of development/morphogenesis of multicellular organism. L-system is applied to the visualization of biological plant. Also, CA are applied to the study of artificial life and to the construction of an artificial brain. To design the L-system and CA automatically, we make this model evolve. It is necessary to code the developmental rules for evolution. In this paper, we propose a DNA coding method for evolution the models of development/morphogenesis of biological multicellular organisms. DNA coding has the redundancy and overlapping of gene and is apt for the representation of the rule. In this paper, we propose the DNA coding method of CA and L-system.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.91-111
• /
• 2001

The present study investigated differences in children's school achievement and emotional and social development by type of after-school care: self-care and mother-care. It also examined relationships between children's developmental outcomes and ecological variables, including individual, familial, and environmental variables by care methods. The data of 330 mother-care and 161 self-care children was provided by teachers, mothers, and the children themselves. The analyses of the data were conducted by t-test, correlation, and regression. Findings were that mother-care children had higher scores in grades, school adjustment and teacher relationship and lower depression and withdrawn behaviors than self-care children; after-school activities and peer support predicted the developmental outcomes of mother-care children; gender, autonomous ability, and behavior control predicted the development of self-care children.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.73-94
• /
• 2004

The study examined the effects of an intervention program for improving mother-child interaction behaviors of mothers with developmentally delayed young children. The program consisted of three main activities, lectures for good parenting, video-feedback of mother-child interactions, and consultation for problem behaviors of children. The subjects were 4 mothers of 5-6 years old children with developmental delays who were referred to a social competence program of a child counseling center. The mothers were identified to have problematic mother-child interaction behaviors through clinical interviews. The program ran for 16 sessions, one parent group leader implemented each session for 90-120 minutes once a week. The videotaped data of mother-child interactions for 10 minutes every 4 sessions were estimated by Maternal Behavior Rating Scale(MBRS) and qualitatively analyzed by transcription of communications between mothers and their children. It concluded that the intervention program enhanced mother-child interaction behaviors.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.13-29
• /
• 2004

In this study of strategies used by young children in solving rectangular covering tasks before they have been taught area measurement, 75 5-, 6-, and 7-year-old children were asked to solve 3 rectangular covering tasks with a moveable unit. Three different sized units (4 cm., 2 cm., and 1 cm. cardboard squares) were provided and the children were asked to work out how many would be needed to cover a drawn rectangle. The resulting 5 developmental levels include incomplete covering, incomplete arrangement, complete covering, estimating, and measuring. Children using more advanced strategies were able to find correct number of units. While the tendency among older children was to use more advanced strategies, even 5-year-olds had an intuitive understanding of rectangular area measurement.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.171-189
• /
• 2004

In the relationship between a strategy and an outcome of new product development, a sample that can most give priority to a cost-price and a consumer is reflected in the result of financial affairs and non-financial affairs the most. A sample that can more give priority to a cost-price more is reflected in the result of financial affairs more. And a sample that can more give priority to a consumer is reflected in the result of non-financial affairs more. In accordance with this consequence, there is a close correlation in the analytical type between a new product developmental strategy and a new product developmental outcome.