• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.59-71
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine whether vision therapy improves symptom and visual perceptual skills in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder tendency who have visual problems. The subjects of this study were 10 children. Before and after vision therapy, the visual function test, developmental test of visual-motor integration, test of visual perceptual skills, and ADHD rating scale test were performed. Vision therapy was conducted twice a week for a period of 6 months to 1 year. After vision therapy, all subjects achieved normal ranges of visual function, sensory fusion, stereoacuity, vergence function, and convergence. The visual function and visual perceptual skill were improved and the score for ADHD symptoms was reduced. Therefore, it seems that vision therapy can be used to improve the symptoms and visual perception of children with ADHD.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.66-79
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is investigate the effects of sensory integration combined with auditory treatment on the sensory processing, visual perception and attention ability of children with developmental delay. Methods : A combined treatment of auditory training and sensory integration therapy was implemented to 3 children aged 4 to 7 and diagnosed with developmental delay during 9 weeks period from December 2016 to January 2017. ABA' design which is one of single subject research designs was used in this study. Baseline A had 4 sessions, intervention B had 15 sessions, and baseline A' had 4 sessions, so 23 sessions were applied in total. During the baseline A and A 'periods, visual perception ability was measured by K-DTVP-2 (Korea Developmental Test Visual Perception-2) and sensory processing ability was evaluated by sensory profile. The maintenance time of attention was measured with the absence of intervention for the baseline period, and for the intervention period, it was measured at 10 minutes break time which was provided after the intervention. The children's attention time during a fine motor task provided were measured using video recorder with the interval recording method, and the interval for the evaluation was 30 seconds. Results : No statistically significant difference were found in the visual perception function and sensory processing scores before and after treatment. Attention of participant A enhanced significantly while that of participant B and C did not improve significantly. Conclusion : It is hard to conclude that sensory integration therapy combined with auditory perception training has positive effects on visual perception function and attention of children with developmental delays. However, there were significant increase in attention and improvements in behavior related to sensory processing for some cases in this study. In further study, longer intervention periods and valid measurement need to be applied in order to get better results. And it is proposed that more studies need to be done to enhance evidence of auditory perception training as a mean to facilitate attention and to prepare learning.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in sensory processing and visual perception between school-age children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and typical children. Methods : The participants in this research were children in the first and second grade in elementary school in Kyoung-Nam Region; 25 children diagnosed with ADHD comprised the experimental group, and 51 typical children comprised the control group. To evaluate the sensory processing of the children, the Sensory Profile (SP) was used, and the Korean Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 (K-DTVP-2) was used to assess visual perception skills. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, and the Independent t-test was used to compare the sensory processing and visual perception skills of the two groups. Results : The study found differences in the Sensory Profile summary scores and factor summary scores between the two groups (p<.05). We also found differences in the visual perception index and subtest standard scores between the two groups (p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study show that the experimental and the control groups had significant differences in sensory processing and visual perception skills. The result will contribute to the assessment and education of children with ADHD.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.24-34
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• 2023

Objective : This study sought to investigate the effects of a sensory integration intervention focusing on vestibular and proprioceptive on the spatial relations and visual-motor coordination of children with developmental disorders. Methods : Three children with developmental disabilities aged 5 to 6 years were the subjects of this study, and the ABA' design, which is one of the single subject research designs. A total of 18 sessions were conducted over a six-week period-that is, three 30-minute sessions per week. During the three baseline sessions, the children's spatial relations and visual-motor coordination were evaluated prior to the intervention. During the 12 sessions conducted in the intervention period, a vestibular and proprioception sensory integration intervention was performed, while in the final three sessions, the children's spatial relations and visual-motor coordination were again evaluated (without any further intervention Children were measured and evaluated every session after intervention using a computer cognitive rehabilitation program (CoTras-C). Moreover, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and the Korean-Development Test of Visual Perception-2 were used as evaluation tools to verify the effectiveness of the intervention. Results : There were significant differences in the spatial relations and visual-motor coordination scores of the children with developmental disorders before and after the vestibular and proprioceptive sensory integration intervention. More specifically, after the intervention, all three children showed statistically significant improvements. Conclusion : The applied vestibular and proprioceptive sensory integration therapy had a significant impact on the spatial relations and visual-motor coordination of the three children with developmental disorders.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2010

Objective : This study tried to identify evaluation tools and intervention approaches that have been used regarding visual motor skills of children, in order to suggest the best evaluation method and intervention strategy. Methods : This study employed a systemic review. Papers researched for the review were selected from the PubMed which is a web engine to search academic articles. For search, time period of publication was limited from January 2001 to Jun 2010, and key words used were "visual motor and occupational therapy", "visuomotor and occupational therapy", and "perception and motor and occupational therapy". 13 papers among total 161 findings were selected for data analysis. Results : Through literature review, followings were founded. For population targeted in studies, children with developmental disorder are majority(20.00%) and those with handwriting problems are another major group(13.33%). DTVP(33.33%) and VMI(26.67%) are most common tools used to evaluate visual motor skills. Most frequently used intervention method is developmental skill based program(58.82) and the second common method is sensory integration therapy and sensory-based intervention(23.53%). Regarding the effectiveness of occupational therapy for visual motor skill, positive evidences with statistical power take 72.73%. Conclusion : The results imply that occupational therapy is effective for visual motor skill in children. It is suggested that further studies are needed to encompass effectiveness of occupational therapy in terms of children's occupational performance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2011

Objective : This study investigated the relationships of handwriting legibility and perceptual-motor skills, and handwriting speed and perceptual-motor skills. And identified the predictors that most affect the handwriting of preschool children. Methods : Twenty-three typically developing preschool aged children (mean age: 68.61 months, SD=2.04) were selected through the Korean-Denver Developmental Screening Test-2(K-DDST-2). The children were tested with regard to handwriting legibility, visual perception, visual-motor integration and fine-motor coordination. Results : First, a significant relationship was not found among handwriting legibility, visual perception, visualmotor integration and fine-motor coordination. Second, a significant relationship was found among handwriting speed, visual perception and fine-motor coordination. Third, stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that general visual perception were significant predictors for handwriting speed. Conclusion : Occupational therapists should evaluate children's visual perception levels utilizing a standardized test, and focus on general visual perception in order to improve handwriting skill(speed). Also, occupational therapists are expected to play an important role in the management and treatment of children's handwriting skills.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of task-oriented approach based on upper limb coordinated movement on the ability of the Korean handwriting in children with developmental coordination disorder(DCD). Methods/Design : This randomized controlled trial designed as a pre-/post- test will compare the effectiveness of task-oriented approach and process-oriented approach on handwriting performance for children with DCD aged 5 to 10. These interventions consist of 10 training sessions and 4 assessment sessions over 7weeks. Children will be measured regard to handwriting legibility, speed and pre-handwriting skills including upper limb movement skills, visual perception and visual motor coordination. Conclusion : This is the first attempt to investigate effects of a task-oriented approach in children with DCD. The significance of this study is to provide the clinical evidences to apply the task-oriented approach improves the children's handwriting performance. Furthermore it will also present a more effective intervention for handwriting by figuring out each approach's impact on the improvement of pre-handwriting skills.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.15-21
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• 1999

이 연구의 목적은 Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT)와 Mariannene Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception (DTVP)을 사용하여 뇌성마비 아동과 정상아동의 시 지각 능력의 차이를 알아보고, 뇌성마비의 사지마비군과 양하지마비군, 그리고 정상아동군에서 두 평가도구의 결과에서 제시한 시 지각능력의 차이를 비교하기 위한 것이다. 뇌성마비 아동 21명(사지마비 11명, 양하지마비 10명)과 정상아동 8명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상의 연령범위는 4세에서 8.5세이었다. 시 지각 능력을 평가하기 위하여 운동기능을 포함하지 않은 MVPT와 운동기능을 포함한 DTVT를 사용하였다. 평가과정과 방법은 표준화된 지침서에 따라 수행하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS를 사용하여 Wilcoxon signed rank test와 Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis를 하였다. MVPT와 DTVP의 지각지수를 뇌성마비 아동과 정상아동을 비교한 결과 뇌성마비 아동의 지각지수가 정상 아동보다 유의하게 낮았다. 아동의 교정연령과 MVPT와 DTVP의 지각연령의 차(CA-PA)를 사지마비군, 양하지마비군, 그리고 정상군과 비교한 결과 정상군에서는 두 평가도구 간의 차이가 없었으나, 사지마비군에서는 두 평가도구 사이에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이 연구의 결과는 뇌성마비 아동의 시 지각능력을 평가하기 위한 도구로 MVPT의 사용을 제시하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate trend in use of occupational therapy assessment tools used by pediatric occupational therapist. Methods : Survey questionnaire developed for this study were used to for data collection. The questionnaires are divided into 10 area: occupational performance, activities of daily living, education, play, sensory-perceptual, motor and praxis, cognition, social interaction skills, development, and physical examination. Total 105 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis and frequency analysis. Results : For the general process of evaluation in pediatric occupational therapy, major response on the initial evaluation time was 30~60minutes (41.9%), and major response on the re-evaluation period was 3~6months (41.0%). The major assessment tool for each area Canadian Occupation Performance Measure (55.2%) for occupational performance assessments, Wee Functional Independence Measure (57.1%) for activities of daily living assessments, School Function Assessment (2.5%) for education assessments, Knox Preschool Play Scale (28.6%) for play assessments, Developmental Test of Visual Perception (94.3%) for sensory-perceptual assessments, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (42.9%) for motor and praxis assessments, Evaluation of Social Interaction (6.1%) for social interaction skills assessments, Denver Developmental Screening Test (92.4%) for development assessments, Clinical Observation (89.5%) for physical examination assessments. Conclusion : The study identified the most assessment tools used for specific area by pediatric occupational therapists. The results can be used as a basic data to educate about pediatric occupational therapy evaluation, as well as to develop new assessment tools in pediatric setting in future.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.221-228
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• 2021

This study aims to provide basic data for developing hand functional training programs using a keyboard to see if there is a relationship between the smart keyboard input speed using both hands, the Dexterity of the hand and the eye-hand coordination ability. The smartphone keyboard input speed, Purdue Pegboard, Grooved Pegboard Test, and Korean-Developmental-Test of Visual Perception-Adolescent were evaluated for 40 university students Province. An independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to identify differences in smartphone keyboard input speed, dexterity, eye-hand coordination ability and visual-motion using both hands according to the general characteristics of the subjects. Pearson correlation was also conducted to find out the relationship between hand-used smartphone keyboard input speed, hand dexterity, eye-hand coordination ability and visual-motor. As a result, the smartphone keyboard input speed using both hands showed a correlation with the dominant hand in the Purdue Pegboard Test (r=-.313, p<.05). In addition, the input speed of the smartphone keyboard is Copying(r=-.333, p<.05), Visual Motor Search(r=.455, p<.01), Visual Motor speed(r=-.453, p<.01) and Form Constancy (r=-.341, p<.05) in the item of K-DTVP-A. Therefore, it is believed that it will be helpful in the development of a treatment program using a smartphone, and it is expected that the effectiveness of a treatment program using a smartphone will be proven through additional experimental studies in the future.