• Title/Summary/Keyword: Development factor

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Improvement of High-fat Diet-induced Obesity by Xanthigen in C57BL/6N Mice (잔티젠(Xanthigen)에 의한 고지방식이로 유도된 비만 개선 효과)

  • Choi, Kyeong-Mi;Lee, Youn-Sun;Kim, Wonkyun;Choi, Yung-Hyun;Kwak, Youn-Gil;Jung, Jae-Chul;Lee, Jeongrai;Yoo, Hwan-Soo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.12
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    • pp.1697-1703
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    • 2012
  • Obesity is a risk factor for numerous metabolic diseases. Recently, naturally occurring compounds that may improve obesity have received increasing attention. Xanthigen is a mixture of fucoxanthin and punicic acid derived from brown seaweed and pomegranate seed, respectively, which have been traditionally used for lipid-lowering effects in humans. In this study, we investigated whether Xanthigen attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6N mice. The mice were fed on a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD plus 1% Xanthigen or HFD plus 1% green tea extract (GTE) for 11 weeks. Food efficiency ratio (FER) and body weight were significantly reduced in mice fed HFD plus Xanthigen compared to HFD-fed mice. Consistent with the results in body weight change, Xanthigen also significantly decreased the weights of epididymal adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, and liver in HFD plus 1% Xanthigen-fed mice. The serum level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was significantly decreased in HFD plus Xanthigen-fed mice compared to HFD-fed mice. These results suggest that Xanthigen may be useful in the development of a functional health food for anti-obesity.

A Secondary Survey of Fast Food Dining out Behaviours -Focused on Youido Apartment Compound in Seoul- (패스트 푸드의 외식행동(外食行動)에 관한 2차(次) 실태조사(實態調査) -여의도(汝矣島) 지역(地域)을 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Mo, Su-Mi;Jeon, Mi-Jeong;Baek, Soo-Kyoung;Lee, Soo-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.83-94
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    • 1989
  • A secondary survey was conducted of 503 customers, to investigate eating out behaviours at five fast food restaurants of Youido apartment compound in Seoul, in April of 1988. The results are summarized as follows: The majority, 84% of customers, were aged 14 to 30, consisting of junior and senior high school children, college students and company employees. In contrast to the previous survey of 1986, in which no elderly customers were found, a small number of elderly customers were observed in this study. The reasons given by customers for patronizing fast food restaurants were the following, from most to least frequent: 'convenient', 'allows for companionship', 'the pleasant place to eat', 'dining equipment and tableware are hygienic', 'to be able to stay as long as I want', and 'foods rapidly served'. Only 24.2% of the customers purchased the fast foods for a full meal, 38.3% purchased the foods for snacking, and others purchased ice cream only or drink only. The majority of the customers ate the purchased foods at the fast food restaurants. However, a limited number of female customers preferred to take the packed fast foods to their homes. Taste preference was a major factor in food selection from available menu items, among the younger customers; whereas customers over 30 years old were concerned with nutritive balance. Fried chicken, pizza, rolled rice with laver, ice cream, and juice were high on the list of liked foods; in contrast, lower preference was for fish burger, doughnut, spaghetti, Chajang noodles and chili beans. The survey discovered that the preference for fried chicken, pizza, and salad had increased compared to the previous survey of 1986. Preference by food nationality was highest for Korean food, then Western food, Chinese food, and Japanese food, in that order. Customers offered suggestions for better fast food service, such as lowering the price; greater variety in the menu; developing fast foods from the traditional Korean foods; and increasing the proportion of vegetables and fruits on the fast food menu. The customers, in particular, emphasized a need for the development of Korean traditional beverage of malt drink and persimmon punch, as well as mungbean pan cakes and sweet- spicy rice noodles (docbokki), as fast foods.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus-l Tat Positively Regulates the Human CD99 Gene via DNA Demethylation (Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Tat 단백에 의한 인간 CD99유전자의 조절기전에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Eu-Gene;Kim, Ye-Ri;Lee, Mi-Kyung;Lee, Im-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.277-281
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    • 2008
  • HIV affects many organ systems. Patients with HIV infection have substantially increased risk of developing various cancers, primarily by opportunistic infection with oncogenic viruses due to their immunocompromised status. However, extensive evidence also indicates that the viral protein, Tat itself, may playas a major factor in the development of AIDS-related neoplasms. The molecular mechanism underlying Tat's oncogenic activity may include deregulation of cellular genes. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of HIV-l Tat on CD99 as one of the target cellular genes, which is a well-known tumor marker in several cancers. By using established HeLa clones that are stably expressing Tat, we found that CD99 is upregulated by endogenous Tat, whereas STAT3 is down regulated. Upon the screening of genes differentially expressed between Tat-stable cells and the control cells by using the gene fishing technique, DEG, we detected 3 genes which expression is affected by the presence of Tat. Furthermore, the methylation specific PCR analysis of the stably Tat expressing cell lines revealed that the CD99 promoter is de methylated in the presence of Tat. Taken together, these results open a potential role of CD99 in AIDS-related oncogenesis via epigenetic regulation by HIV-1 Tat.

Development of Permanent Displacement Model for Seismic Mountain Slope (지진 시 산사면의 영구변위 추정식 개발)

  • Lee, Jong-Hoo;Park, Duhee;Ahn, Jae-Kwang;Park, Inn-Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 2015
  • Empirical seismic displacement equations based on the Newmark sliding block method are widely used to develop seismic landslide hazard map. Most proposed equations have been developed for embankments and landfills, and do not consider the dynamic response of sliding block. Therefore, they cannot be applied to Korean mountain slopes composed of thin, uniform soil-layer underlain by an inclined bedrock parallel to the slope. In this paper, a series of two-dimensional dynamic nonlinear finite difference analyses were performed to estimate the permanent seismic slope displacement. The seismic displacement of mountain slopes was calculated using the Newmark method and the equivalent acceleration time history. The calculated seismic displacements of the mountain slopes were compared to a widely used empirical displacement model. We show that the displacement prediction is significantly enhanced if the slope is modeled as a flexible sliding mass and the amplification characteristics are accounted for. Regression equation, which uses PGA, PGV, Arias intensity of the ground motion and the fundamental period of soil layer, is shown to provide a reliable estimate of the sliding displacement. Furthermore, the empirical equation is shown to reliably predict the hazard category.

A Study on Factors Related to the Practice of Breast-feeding (모유수유 실천과 관련 요인)

  • 박천만
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.23-43
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    • 2002
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and analyse factors related to the actual status and practice of breast-feeding during an infant period to grasp elements detrimental to breast-feeding and, therefore, provide basic information useful for its effective practice and encouragement. Method: From April 1 to June 30, 2001, this study was carried out with the mothers of 337 who were 6 months old, as of the surveyed date, of infants born in 2002 and registered in Seongju-gun Public Health Center, Gyeongsangbug-do Province. The method for its survey included both of the visiting and telephone interviews, and questions were mainly about the mothers' general characteristics(3 questions), infants' general characteristics(3 questions), environmental characteristics of infant delivery( 4 questions), support to breast-feeding(4 questions), understanding of breast-feeding(5 questions), and feeding type during the 1 to 6-month period after birth. Result: 1. The feeding type during the I-month period after birth showed that the breast-feeding accounted for 42.4%, which was higher than dry milk-feeding(30%) or mixed milk-feeding(26.8%). However, it began to be lower than the dry milk-feeding from the 2-month period after birth. During the 6-month period, the breast-feeding accounted for 28.6% which was lower than 56.5% of the dry milk-feeding. 2. The mothers who were encouraged by their delivery clinic to and were educated to breast-feed infants accounted for 55.4% and 41.4%, respectively, which were relatively low. The understanding of breast-feeding indicated that the responses were positive from the view point of mother & infant health, but negative from mother's physical form. 3. It was shown that the lower the educational background of mother(p〈0.05) and the higher the unemployment of mother(p〈0.001), the higher the positive understanding of breast-feeding, and that the higher the entire support to breast-feeding, the more positive their understanding. 4. It was also shown that the lower the educational background of mother(p〈0.05), the higher the unemployment of mother(p〈0.001), the more the experience in breast-feeding at a delivery clinic(p〈0.01) and the faster the initial feeding(p〈0.001), the higher the rate of breast-feeding. 5. The factor having an effect on breast-feeding included a delivery clinic's encouragement to breast-feed(p〈0.001), understanding of breast-feeding(p〈0.01), father's comment on feeding method(p〈0.05) and mother's employment(p〈0.05). Discussion: In order to encourage the breast-feeding, as shown above, it is required, fist of all, to offer pregnant women an education about importance and excellence of breast-feeding and its appropriate method before delivery in advance to result in a positive comprehension of the breast-feeding. To do that, both the publicity activities and program development designed to encourage the breast-feeding must be performed in advance at the government level. In addition to that, the mother-infant space as ‘rooming-in’ available for breast-feeding immediately after delivery must be prepared on the basis of legal and administrative support. Finally, female employees' leave after childbirth must be performed for the purpose of productive welfare and circumstances also be prepared for breast-feeding, such as a children's home at work.

Development of Success Attribution Scale for Body Guard in Korea (한국 경호원의 성공귀인 측정도구 개발)

  • Kim, Sang Jin
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.173-183
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    • 2017
  • This study is for presenting the factors about success attribution that fit the korean security service conditions and developing the actual analysis of measurement tools by investigating the success factors of the security service agents. To this end, conducted a meeting from the fully open questionnaire at first, and then formed the semi-structured questionnaire, finally carried out the survey from the closed questionnaire and analyzed data from SPSS 21.0, AMOS 21.0 and developed the measurements. It was conducted from December, 2014 to June, 2015. This survey was conducted of 170 security guards after the verification of the content validity though the pilot survey and presented the success attribution factors and standards on the basis of the result form this survey. At the first and second analysis process, the success attribution factors of the guards consisted of inner qualities, external qualities, induction factors for inner qualities, and induction factor for external qualities. On analysis of the final data and documents, however, at the third analysis, the success attribution factors of the guards consisted of 'martial arts and physical ability'(4 questions), 'attitudes to work'(3 questions), 'support for the working environment'(3 questions), 'organized business skills'(3 questions), 'attitudes to the duty'(3 questions), and 'coping with crises(2 questions).

Effect of Rhythmic Exercise Program to Elderly on Risk Factors of Fall Injury (노인을 대상으로 한 율동 운동 프로그램 실시 효과: 낙상 위험 요인과 관련하여)

  • Lee, In-Sook;Chin, Young-Ran;Lee, Dong-Ok;Kim, Yun-A;Baek, Kyeng-Ae
    • Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.600-608
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    • 2001
  • Accidents are the fourth-leading causal factor of death among the elderly, and fall is a major type of accident (53.17%). Many cases of falls in the elderly result in delayed discovery and loss of quality of life. As the number of the elderly grows, falls will be a more important health problem. Most previous research on falls investigated prevalence. mortality, and the related factors. There are many studies proving the effect of rhythmic movements. But few researches considered linking risk factors of fall with rhythmic movements. Purpose: We want to show the changes after performing rhythmic movement program, in risk factors of falls and mobility such as flexibility, balance, muscle power and persistency in the elderly, in order to provide basic information needed for the development of fall injury prevention program for the elderly. Method: The design of this study is quasi-experimental, the equivalent control group, pretest-posttest. The subjects consist of 124 people who lived in Do-Bong-Qu. Seoul, agreed to participate in this study, and were able to follow this rhythmic movement program. About 93 % of them are from 65 to 84 years (Mean${\pm}$sd: $73.7{\pm}5.7$): 64% are female. The rhythmic movement program was designed. and performed by two community health nurses working in the Do-Bong-Gu Public Health Center, regularly twice a week from May, 4 to December, 17. in 10 senior citizens' community centers. Risk factors of fall were measured with RAFS- II (Risk Assessment for Falls Scale II) by asking about each item: mobility was measured by observing their specific movements asked by investigators. Results: 1. After performing the program during 7 months, risk factors score of falls were decreased significantly (paired-t = 4.77. p<0.01). 2. After performing the program during 7 months, flexibility (paired-t = 2.26. p=0.03) and mobility were improved (paired-t = 4.98. p<0.01). but muscle power and persistency did not change (paired-t = 0.33. p=0.74). Overall, mobility affecting the occurrence of falls was improved significantly (paired-t = 5.15. p<0.01). Conclusions: A regular rhythmic movement program can be helpful in preventing falls in the elderly. Further. we can develop a fall injury prevention program using rhythmic movement.

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A Study on the Wearing Condition and Satisfaction of Pesticide Protective Clothing (농약방제복 착용실태 및 만족도에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Young-Soon;Lee, Kyung-Suk;Chae, Hye-Seon;Kim, Kyung-Ran;Kim, Sung-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.217-228
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to grasp inconveniences and improvements by examining wearing condition and satisfaction of protective clothing targeting 114 Korean farmers and to suggest basic data for enhancement of pattern and wearing satisfaction of protective clothing by understanding problems of pesticide-proof clothing through comparative analysis on the size of its commercial products. Most of male subjects were in charge of spraying pesticide, whereas female were most likely to play an assistant role to hold the hose of pesticide applicator. Both of female and male subjects were very aware of the harmful effect of pesticide on human body and tried to take off the clothes immediately after spraying it to reduce possible damage caused by pesticide. As a result of examining wearing condition, the farmers avoided wearing protective clothing because that it feels hot, stuffy, and uncomfortable to move. This hesitant response of wearing the clothing was not shown significantly in case of female subjects who play an assistant role for spraying. Although the farmers wore protective equipments such as mask or gloves in a proper way as compared to protective clothing, they seemed to choose alternative way rather than best way to block pesticide completely. The satisfaction regarding to the fitting of protective clothing which the subjects showed low in all items of upper-lower clothes except waistline. It is necessary to improve the functionality such as relief from heat stress and convenience for movement rather than design or economic in protective clothing development. As a result of comparing the size of five kinds of commercial protective clothing, the farmers got confused to choose the product since designation method of size across companies showed a significant difference in an identical clothing size. In addition, the sizing system developed on a basis of a well-built man has become a hindering factor in wearing satisfaction of female farmers.

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Development of the Construction Waste Management Performance Evaluation Tool (WMPET): Quantification of Waste Management Performance Factors and Establishment of Waste Management Performance Evaluation Tool (건설현장의 폐기물 관리 성과 평가 툴 개발 : 2단계 - 폐기물 관리 성과 요인의 전량화 및 평가 툴 구축)

  • Kim, Jee-Hye;Shin, Dong-Woo;Cha, Hee-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.128-136
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    • 2007
  • As the international-level concern has been focused on the environmental sustainability in recent years, many researches emphasized the needs for methods and techniques that would facilitate sustainability assessment at the various project level interfaces. As part of methods and techniques to facilitate sustainability assessment, this paper provides 'Computerized Waste Management Performance Evaluation Tool' for the purpose of assessing the level of management system in dealing with the onsite construction wastes. This tool applies twenty-three waste management performance factors for the purpose of evaluating the level of waste management performance by scoring those factors which were identified in the previous research. These twenty-three factors are classified into four categories: manpower, material, method, and management based on their characteristics. In order to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of waste management performance, the levels of actions executed in a site by each waste management performance factor were identified and their weight were analyzed throughout the expert interview and survey. Furthermore, an excel-based computerized tool was developed in order to facilitate the evaluation process. If this tool can be developed in more detail and be used as the method to control waste management at a project level for the future, it is expected that this tool can play an important role in the body of knowledge of environmental management in construction industry.

A survey study of farmers' recognition on reality of Hanwoo raising and improving quality : Focused on Gyeongsangbuk-Do (한우 사육실태 및 육종개량에 대한 농가인식도 조사 분석 - 경북지역 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Byung-Ki;Oh, Dong-Yep;Jung, Dae-Jin;Lee, Jea-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.533-545
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    • 2014
  • Farmers' perception on actual raising conditions and breeding improvement for Hanwoo were surveyed and analyzed in order to utilize such data as basic resources for further development of courses of Hanwoo improvement and instructions on raising techniques. The survey was held based on Hanwoo farmers in Gyeongbuk region and the results for the analysis were as follow. Candidate cattle for breeding was selected in consideration of 'appearance, body shape, and pedigree-registration' (39.0%) and 'artificial insemination' (38.6%) was the most frequently used breeding method for the breeding cattle. 'Body length' was revealed to be the most considered factor while purchasing fattening calves and the castration for the fattening calves were mostly performed when '6~7 months after the birth'. The farmers also responded that they 'try to comply with over 80% of items specified in program for production of high quality beef' in order to produce high quality beef. However, the farmers believed that '12 months after the birth' was the most economic market month. Although the results differed by each items surveyed, majority of those results showed statistically significant differences with significance level of 0.05 upon the surveyees' general characteristics and demographic factors including level of education, age, occupation, and family man power. Most surveyees responded 'around 30% of shipping heads' (22.1%) for the prevalence of beef graded better than 1++ grade when shipping, however, no significant differences in between general characteristics of surveyees were observed.