• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.145-147
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• 2005

Autocrine or paracrine mediators released by the early embryo are implicated in the support of embryonic development. Their mechanisms and optimal embryo density in the medium, however, are uncertain. This study was conducted to establish the optimal embryo density and culture medium volume in mouse parthenogenetic embryo culture. In experiment 1, culture of parthenogenetirally activated oocytes at a concentration of $2{\~}4$ embryos/${\mu}L$ significantly improved development to the blastoryst stage ($72{\%}{\leq}$) compared with culture at the lower ($0.2{\~}1$e mbryos/${\mu}L,\;0\~37.5\%$) and the higher ($5{\~}6$ embryos/${\mu}L,\;30\~53\%$) concentration for 120 h when the oocytes were cultured in a 5 ${\mu}L$ drop under mineral oil In experiment 2, the embryos cultured at a concentration of $2{\~}4$ embryos/${\mu}L$ in a 10 ${\mu}L$ drop ($81.1{\%}$) showed significantly higher blastocyst rates than those in a 5 ${\mu}L$ drop ($68.5{\%}$). This study optimizes in vitro culture condition by modifying embryo density and the volume of culture medium It may give appropriate level of autocrine and/or paracrine factors to enhance viability and subsequent normal development of mouse parthenogenetic embryos in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2009

Due to change of various marine environments according to seawater temperature rising, Japanese common squid(Todarodes pacificus), which was distributed in East Sea, was recently caught in Yellow Sea during a summer season from 2006. The fishery resources density research was carried out in Korea-China Provisional Water Zone using trawl fishing gear and acoustics in National Fisheries Research & Development Institute in Korea. This paper showed the analysis on the acoustical backscattering strength by two frequencies(38kHz, 120kHz) for Japanese common squid by acoustical scattering theoretical model based on size distribution for survey period, and estimate the density distribution for squid s integrated layer which was extracted from any scatterers distributed in water column using two frequency difference method which has been used to distinguish fish shoals or specific target scatterers from sound scattering layer which is composed of various zooplankton. Furthermore, the entire range of their density estimation was suggested using by Monte Carlo simulation under considering each uncertainty such as size distributions or swimming angle and so on in survey area.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2011

The Seoul Metropolitan Government is striving to minimize the amount of traffic according to the supply of apartment houses along with the solution of housing shortage for the low income people through high density development near the subway area. Therefore, a stronger policy is necessary to control the traffic of the passenger cars in a subway area for the successful high density development focusing on public transportation, and especially, the estimation of the demand of cars with high reliability is necessary to control the demand of parking such as the limited supply of parking lot. Accordingly, this study developed car ownership forecasting model using Look-up Table among category analyses which are easy to be applied and have high reliability. The estimation method using Look-up-Table is possible to be applied to both measurable and immeasurable types, easy to accumulate data, and features the flexible responding depending on the changes of conditions. This study established Look-up-Table model through the survey of geographical location, the scale of housing, the accessible distance to a subway station and to a bus station, the number of bus routes, and the number of car owned with data regarding 242 blocks in Seoul City as subjects.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.spc1
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• pp.223-230
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• 2006

We investigated the spring and summer community structure of meiobenthos in a tidal-falt near Iwon, Korea, in 2002 and 2003. In total, 12 meiofaunal groups were found in the study area among which nematodes were the most dominant. Benthic foraminiferans, harpacticoid copepods, polychaetes, and crustacean nauplli were also dominant groups at all sites. The total density of meiobenthos at each station was be 246-2,177 ind./$10cm^2$. As the depth of sediment increased, the density of meiobenthos at each station gradually decreased. Changes in the vertical distribution of meiobenthos in the study area occurred mainly near the sediment surface (0-1 cm). Generally, between spring and summer the density of nematodes increased, and the density of other dominant meiofaunal groups (benthic harpacticoids, crustacean nauplii, benthic foraminiferans) decreased near the sediment trap the control site of sediment traps compared to that at the control site. The results of cluster and multidimensional scaling plots indicate that the meiofaunal community changed following construction of a low artificial wood groin structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.571-572
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• 2006

Tungsten CMP needs interconnect of semiconductor device ULSI chip and metal plug formation, CMP technology is essential indispensable method for local planarization. This Slurry development also for tungsten CMP is important, slurry of metal wiring material that is used present is depending real condition abroad. It is target that this research makes slurry of efficiency that overmatch slurry that is such than existing because focus and use colloidal silica by abrasive particle to internal production technology development. Compared selectivity of slurry that is developed with competitor slurry using 8" tungsten wafer and 8" oxide wafer in this experiment. And removal rate measures about density change of $H_2O_2$ and Fe particle. Also, corrosion potential and current density measure about Fe ion and Fe particle. As a result, selectivity find 83:1, and expressed similar removal rate and corrosion potential and current density value comparing with competitor slurry.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of powder shape and densification mechanism on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components. BE powders are uniaxially and isostatically pressed, and PA ones are injection molded because of their high strengths. The isostatically compacted samples exhibit a density of 80%, which is higher than those of other samples, because hydrostatic compression can lead to higher strain hardening. Owing to the higher green density, the density of BE-CS (97%) is found to be as high as that of other samples (BE-DS (95%) and P-S (94%)). Furthermore, we have found that BE powders can be consolidated by sintering densification and chemical homogenization, whereas PA ones can be consolidated only by simple densification. After sintering, BE-CS and P-S are hot isostatically pressed and BE-DS is hot forged to remove residual pores in the sintered samples. Apparent microstructural evolution is not observed in BE-CSH and P-SH. Moreover, BE-DSF exhibits significantly fine grains and high density of low-angle grain boundaries. Thus, these microstructures provide Ti-6Al-4V components with enhanced mechanical properties (tensile strength of 1179 MPa).

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.701-707
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• 2015

Recently, it has to design the motor to raise power density because of many necessary application, such as home appliances and hybrid electric vehicles. Power of motor is made up of the torque and speed. So, if the motor which is the same size and shape is designed to raise speed, power and power density are increase.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.233-237
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• 1996

A growth study was conducted to investigate the effect of stocking density on performance of juvenile fat cod (Hexagrammos otakii Jordan et Starks.). Fish averaging 13 g were stocked into duplicate tanks ($250\;{\ell}$ each) at four different densities of 330 g/$100\;{\ell},\;660\;g/100\;{\ell},\;990\;g/\;100\;{\ell}$, and $1330\;g/100\;{\ell}$, and fed MP diet containing $50\%$ frozen horse mackerel and $50\%$ commercial binder meal for 2 months. Weight gain, feed efficiency, survival rate, and protein retention were decreased as density increased. Whereas these parameters were not significantly different (P>0.01) fish stocked at initial stocking densities of $330\;g/100\;{\ell},\;660\;/g/100\;{\ell}\;and\;990\;g/100\;{\ell}$. Moisture and lipid content of whole body were not affected by stocking densities (P>0.01). These results indicate that stocking density should be considered, and $1{\~}2$ kg fish/$100\;{\ell}$ final stocking density for juvenile fat cod could be used to decrease production cost for the indoor tank (culture) system.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to suggest a scientific method for measurement of children's growth development. Ultrasonic image of calcaneus bone has some advantages that it is harmless to human body and apply a new imaging analysis algorithm. it can be used for the diagnosis of growth analyzed the opening degree of growth plate and bone density. Methods: This clinical study have been carried out with the 57 case(male 24, female 33) of the children aged 5 to 14 years old who visited in Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk university Bundang Oriental Hospital. Bone maturity is measured by the opening degree of growth plate and bone density in ultrasonic image of calcaneus bone This study were designed to investigate the relationship of the development of children and the calcaneus bone maturity. Result: The opening degree of growth plate was no change in aged 5-10 years for male and 5-9 years for female but decreased significantly from aged 11 years for male and 10 years for female. the bone density was no change in aged 5-12 years for male and 5-11 years for female but increased significantly from aged 13 years for male and 12 years for female. it was confirmed that bone maturity in female is more rapid than in male. The opening degree of growth plate of claclneus bone was correlated with age, height, weight. The bone density was correlated with age, height, weight, BMI in this suudy(P<0.001) Conclusion: The opening degree of growth plate and bone density of calcaneus bone are sufficient diagnostic worth as an index to predict adolescent growth.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2004

Density is a physical property which contains information relating to the internal quality of fruits and vegetables, and can be used as an index for nondestructive quality evaluation. Density sorting has been employed by farmers for some agricultural products since ancient times. In this study, an automatic density measuring system based on the platform scale or water displacement method was developed for density sorting of watermelon. It consisted of water tan, load cell, net tray, electric motor, limit switch, control system and its program. The resolution of density was 0.001 g/㎤. In order to calibrate and evaluate the accuracy, the density was measured using a balloon kept in cold water. It showed 1.002 g/㎤ which almost correspond to real density of water. Test results with 6 watermelons and 3 replications showed that the standard deviations of the dens were 0.001∼0.004 g/㎤. The relationship between density and internal quality of watermelon was investigated using the system. The densities of hollow watermelons were less than 0.950 g/㎤, it was apparent that the density of the watermelon was related to the degree of hollowness. But the soluble solid contents and internal defects could not be estimated from the density.