• 제목/요약/키워드: Detergents

검색결과 234건 처리시간 0.029초

환경보호 측면에서 본 리필제품의 소비자이용 및 소비자인지에 관한 연구 (Consumer Use and Awareness of Refill Products Examined in Perspective of Environmental Protection)

  • 전윤숙
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.15-30
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to understand consumer use and awareness of refill-products in perspective of environmental protections. One hundread seventy-four married women living around Cheongju-city were selected because married women are the major buyers of refill-procucts. The major findings were as follows: 1) While detergents refill-products were found to be the most favorable one, cosmetics refill-products were found to be the worst favorable. 2) Married women complained different quality and quantity between refill-products and nonrefill-products in general. 3) Price was the most important reason to use refill-products rather than environmental protection. 4)The more respondents had refill-products information, the more respondents used refill-proeucts 5) The level of consumer awareness of refill products examined in perspective of enviornmental protection was found to be very high(3.3/4). 6)There was no significant relatioships between consumer use and awareness of refill-products examined in perspective of environmental protection.

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DEVELOPMENT OF CONVENIENT ANALYTICAL METHOD OF 4-TERT-OCTYLPHENOL

  • Cho, Jae-Min;Ahn, Mee-Ryung;Kwak, Son-Hyok;Kang, Mi-Kyung;An, Eun-Ju;Kim, Jung-Mi;Park, Sun-Ok;Park, Hong-Seok;Chung, Hye-Joo
    • 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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    • pp.163-163
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    • 2002
  • 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) is surfactant additive widely used in the manufacture of a variety of detergents and plastic products, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EP A) classified endocrine disruptor. The purpose of this study was developed the analytical method of OP and determined toxicokinetics parameters after i. v. and oral administration in SD rats plasma concentration of OP using HPLC.(omitted)

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고도 호열성 Archaebacterium Thermococcus profundus가 생산하는 Amylolytic Enzymes (Amylolytic Enzymes Produced from Hyperthermophilic Archaebactorium Thermococcus profundus)

  • 정영철;김경숙;노승환
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.259-266
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    • 1994
  • The hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Thermococcus profundus Isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, produced several amylolytic enzymes such as extracellular amylase and pullulanase, intracellular a-1,4-91ucosidase in respone to the presence of complex carbohydrates In the growth medium. This strain showed high activities on 0.5% maltose than on complex carbohydrates One of the amylases was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Toyopearl chromatography. The amylase exhibited maximal activity at pH 5.5 and 80$^{\circ}C$, and was stable in the range of pH 5.5 to 9.5 and up to 80$^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The enzyme activity was no dependence on Ca2+ and not inhibited by detergents. The amylase hydrolyzed soluble starch, amylose, amylopectin and glycogen to produce maltose and maltotriose with trace amounts of glucose, but not pullulan and ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, ${\gamma}$-cyclodextrin. Malto-oligosaccharides ranging from maltotetraose to maltoheptaose were hydrolyzed in an endo fashion.

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저공해 합성세제의 성분 분석 및 생분해성 (Ingredient Analysis & Biodegradability to the Low Pollution Synthetic Detergent)

  • 김용인;소희준;선일식
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.133-143
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    • 1991
  • As the result of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the surfactant mixture, the main surfactant of the fast biodegradable detergent which were derived from vegetable oil was Sodium Lauryl Sulfate. The Detergents contained sodium lauryl sulfate, nonionic surfactant, soap, etc, as the rest sufactants. Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and ${alpha}-Olefin$ Sulfonate which were derived from petroleum were not detected. The biodegradation rate of the detergent prepared from vegetable oil was faster than that of the detergent derived from petroleum stood in 7 days.

Arrival at the Caspian Coast: Migration, Informality and Urban Transformation in Sumqayit, Azerbaijan

  • JAGER, PHILIPP FRANK
    • Acta Via Serica
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.51-90
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    • 2020
  • The city of Sumqayit in Azerbaijan was famous in the USSR for its chemical plants, which supplied the whole country with plastics, detergents, and fertilizers. While production increased in the post-WWII period, young people from remote Caucasian villages were attracted as workers to the industrial settlement on the shore of the Caspian Sea and worked together with specialists from all over the USSR. Migration did not stop when the USSR collapsed. To the contrary, mobility increased as Azerbaijani refugees from Armenia and IDPs from Karabakh fled to Sumqayit, which grew to become the second-largest city of Azerbaijan. Although a generation has passed since the ceasefire, IDPs still are separately administered. In the last 20 years, more and more internal migrants have chosen the Greater Baku Region as their destination, mostly finding jobs in the informal labor market. In the post-independence transformative period, informal housing has offered migrants a place to stay in the city. Sumqayit can be regarded as an arrival city, an established urban platform for migrants who prefer internal over transnational migration.

수종의 인공 레진 치아의 마모저항성과 경도에 관한 비교 연구 (Comparative Study on Wear Resistance and Hardness of Several Artificial Resin Teeth)

  • 최유성;이준석;조인호
    • 구강회복응용과학지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.129-146
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 다양한 치과 수복재료에 대합되는 의치용 레진치의 마모저항성을 알아보기 위해 통상의 아크릴 릭 레진치인 $Trubyte^{(R)}$ $Biotone^{(R)}$ (Dentsply, U.S.A.)과 고강도 레진치인 Endura $Posterio^{(R)}$ (Shofu, Japan), Physio $Duracross^{(R)}$ (Nissin, Japan)를 수복재료인 금합금, 도재, 충전용 레진에 대합시켜 마모저항성을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 앞의 세 종류의 레진 인공치와 5종류의 의치세정제인 유한락스, 폴리덴트, 싸이덱스, 헥사메딘, 증류수를 사용하여 의치세정제 및 소독제가 경도에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 대합되는 수복재료로 충전용 레진, 도재를 사용한 경우 $Trubyte^{(R)}$ $Biotone^{(R)}$, Endura $Posterio^{(R)}$, Physio $Duracross^{(R)}$ 순으로 교두정 높이감소가 컸으며 세 재료간의 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p<0.05). 2. 대합되는 수복재료로 금합금을 사용한 경우 $Trubyte^{(R)}$ $Biotone^{(R)}$, Endura $Posterio^{(R)}$, Physio $Duracross^{(R)}$ 순으로 교두정 높이 감소가 컸으며, 특히 $Trubyte^{(R)}$ $Biotone^{(R)}$ 이 다른 두 종류의 인공치보다 유의성 있게 높은 교두정 높이 감소를 보였다 (p<0.05). 3. 대합되는 수복재료로 충전용 레진, 금합금, 도재를 사용한 경우 모두 $Trubyte^{(R)}$ $Biotone^{(R)}$, Endura $Posterio^{(R)}$, Physio $Duracross^{(R)}$ 순으로 무게 감소가 컸으며, 세 재료간의 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p<0.05). 4. 의치세정제에 따른 경도 감소는 실험 전과 후의 측정치를 비교했을 때 모든 레진 인공치에서 유의성 있는 차이 를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 5. 유한락스, 싸이덱스, 헥사메딘에 담구었던 레진 인공치에 의한 경도감소는 $Trubyte^{(R)}$ $Biotone^{(R)}$, Endura $Posterio^{(R)}$, Physio $Duracross^{(R)}$ 순으로 높은 감소를 보였고, 특히 $Trubyte^{(R)}$ $Biotone^{(R)}$이 다른 두 종류의 인공치보다 유의성 있게 높은 경도 감소를 보였다 (p<0.05). 이상의 실험 결과 마모저항성 실험에서는 최근에 개발된 Physio $Duracross^{(R)}$가 다른 두 종류의 레진 인공치에 비해 세 종류의 대합되는 수복재료 모두에서 높은 마모저항성을 보였고 특히 $Trubyte^{(R)}$ $Biotone^{(R)}$에 비해 유의성 있게 높은 마모저항성을 보였다. 경도 실험에서는 Physio $Duracross^{(R)}$와 Endura $Posterio^{(R)}$$Trubyte^{(R)}$ $Biotone^{(R)}$에 비해 유의성 있게 낮은 경도감소를 보였고 (p<0.05), 폴리덴트, 증류수에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서, Physio $Duracross^{(R)}$가 세 종류의 레진 인공치에 비해 우수한 마모저항성을 보인다고 볼 수 있고, Endura $Posterio^{(R)}$와 함께 $Trubyte^{(R)}$ $Biotone^{(R)}$에 비해서 우수한 경도를 보인다고 볼 수 있지만, 단편적인 실험 결과이므로, 아직은 신중하게 고려되어야 하고, 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

Gene Cloning and Characterization of a Cold-Adapted Esterase from Acinetobacter venetianus V28

  • Kim, Young-Ok;Heo, Yu Li;Kim, Hyung-Kwoun;Nam, Bo-Hye;Kong, Hee Jeong;Kim, Dong-Gyun;Kim, Woo-Jin;Kim, Bong-Seok;Jee, Young-Ju;Lee, Sang-Jun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권9호
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    • pp.1245-1252
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    • 2012
  • Acinetobacter venetians V28 was isolated from the intestine of righteye flounder, Poecilopsetta plinthus caught in Vietnam seawater, and the esterase gene was cloned using a shotgun method. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence (1,017 bp) corresponded to a protein of 338 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 37,186. The esterase had 87% and 72% identities with the lipases of A. junii SH205 and A. calcoaceticus RUH2202, respectively. The esterase contained a putative leader sequence, as well as the conserved catalytic triad (Ser, His, Asp), consensus pentapeptide GXSXG, and oxyanion hole sequence (HG). The protein from the strain V28 was produced in both a soluble and an insoluble form when the Escherichia coli cells harboring the gene were cultured at $18^{\circ}C$. The maximal activity of the purified enzyme was observed at a temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 9.0 using p-NP-caprylate as substrate; however, relative activity still reached to 70% even at $5^{\circ}C$ with an activation energy of 3.36 kcal/mol, which indicated that it was a cold-adapted enzyme. The enzyme was a nonmetallo-protein and was active against p-nitrophenyl esters of $C_4$, $C_8$, and $C_{14}$. Remarkably, this enzyme retained much of its activity in the presence of commercial detergents and organic solvents. This cold-adapted esterase will be applicable as catalysts for reaction in the presence of organic solvents and detergents.

지방도시의 지속가능성 평가모형 (An Assessment Model on Sustainability of Local City)

  • 홍영록;권상준;명현
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 1999
  • This study aims to find basic data for using the quantitative assessment of the sustainability and establishing the systematic index of the planning for local cities to consider the environmentally sound and sustainable development. The research designs to review professional responding to surveys preceded by separate questionnaires and interviews from book reviews, and suggests to make an assessment model of the sustainability for local cities. The research found consequently as follows. Firstly, the research survey items were decides totally 52, grouped 9 assessmental issues and distributed under 4 assessmental domains for the sustainability from the references of book reviews. Secondly, the research result concentrated on the followings from the professional responding to surveys. 1. A most influent factor is the distribution of animals and plants in a nature domain. The next influent factors are the ratio of mass-transportation systems, the numbers of the species of animals and plants, the acreage of conservative forestry, the numbers of reused water resources, and the usage number of water supply, orderly in the nature domain. 2. A most influent factor is the usage number of synthetic detergents in a pollution domain. The next influent factors are the volume of waste water, the number of registered vehicles, the degree of soil pollution, and the charge of development imposition, orderly in the pollution domain. 3. A most influent factor is the acreage of athletic facilities, in an urban domain. the next influent factors are the acreage of recreational facilities, the number and acreage of cultural assets, the number of cultural facilities, the acreage of landscape conservation area, the charge of cultural asset management, orderly in the urban domain. 4. A most influent factor is the number of waste disposal facilities in a participation domain. The next influent factors are the capacity of reused waste, the usage of synthetic detergents, the ratio of waste water disposal, orderly in the participation domain. 5. A most contributed influent domain to the assessment of the sustainability for local cities is the urban domain. The next influent domains are nature domain, participation domain, and pollution domain, orderly in the contribution of the assessment of the sustainability. But, the pollution domain is little relationship with the sustainability. Therefore, it is clear that the abundant greens and the improved level of culture are dominant influences on the sustainabiligy, as like improving the ratio of roadside trees, the acreage of parks, and enlarging the number of cultural facilities.

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폐하수중 합성세제분해균을 이용한 다처리기능균주(多處理技能菌株)의 개발(開發) (Development of Multifunctional Microorganisms for the Effective Wastewater Treatment by Synthetic Detergent Decomposing Microorganisms in Wastewater)

  • 허종수;조주식;이홍재;한문규;임영성;하영래
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.230-238
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    • 1993
  • 폐하수중 합성세제와 중금속을 동시에 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 다처리기능균주를 개발코자 합성세제 분해능이 우수한 P. fluorescens S1과 Pb축적균인 P. aeruginosa P1을 conjugation 시켜, 합성세제(ABS) 분해능과 Pb 축적능을 동시에 지니는 다처리기능균주 KE101, KE102 및 KE103을 개발하였다. 개발된 다처리기능균주는 Pb축적균인 P. aeruginosa P1 Plasmid가 합성세제 분해균인 P. fluorescens S1 세포내로 전달되었음을 확인하였다. 개발균주의 기질단독처리능력을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 합성세제(ABS)만 단독처리했을 경우 개발균주의 합성세제(ABS) 분해능력은 합성세제 분해 원균주에 비하여 약간 감소하였으나 Pb축적 원균주의 합성세제(ABS) 분해능력에 비하여는 훨씬 증가되었다. Pb만 단독처리했을 경우 개발균주의 Pb처리능력은 Pb축적 원균주에 비하여 감소하였으나 합성세제 분해원균주의 Pb처리능력에 비하여 월등히 증가되었다. 개발균주의 기질혼합 처리능력을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 합성세제(ABS)와 Pb를 혼합처리했을 경우 개발균주 KE101의 합성세제(ABS) 분해능력은 합성세제(ABS)만 단독처리했을 경우에 비하여 악 30%정도 감소되었으며, Pb처리능력은 Pb만 단독처리했을 경우와 비슷하였다. 그리고 개발균주 KE102의 합성세제(ABS)와 Pb를 혼합처리했을 경우의 합성세제(ABS) 분해능력은 합성세제(ABS)만 단독처리했을 경우에 비하여 약 20% 감소되었으나, Pb처리능력은 Pb만 단독처리했을 경우에 비하여 약 25% 증가하였다. 따라서 개발균주 KE101 및 KE102 strain은 원균주의 각 기질처리능력에 비하여는 약간 떨어겼으나 합성세제(ABS)와 중금속의 일종인 Pb를 동시에 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 능력을 지니고 있었다.

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Immuno-chromatographic Analysis for HPV-16 and 18 E7 Proteins as a Biomarker of Cervical Cancer Caused by Human Papillomavirus

  • Kim, Joo-Ho;Cho, Il-Hoon;Seo, Sung-Min;Kim, Ji-Sook;Oh, Kyu-Ha;Kang, Heun-Soo;Kim, In-Gyu;Paek, Se-Hwan
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제30권12호
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    • pp.2999-3005
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    • 2009
  • Among the more than 120 different types of human papillomavirus (HPV), types 16 and 18 have been known to be high risk agents that cause cervical cancer. We examined, in an immuno-chromatographic analysis, the potential of using the early gene product, E7 protein, as a diagnostic marker of cervical cancer caused by HPV. We developed monoclonal antibodies specific to HPV-16 and 18 E7 proteins that were produced from bacterial cells using gene recombinant technology. For each E7 protein, the optimal antibody pair was selected using the immuno-chromatographic sandwichtype binding system based on the lateral flow through membrane pores. Under these conditions, this rapid testing assay had a detection capability as low as 2 ng/mL of E7 protein. Furthermore, since viral analysis required the host cell to be lysed using chemicals such as detergents, it was possible that the E7 protein was structurally damaged during this process, which would result in a decrease in detection sensitivity. Therefore, we examined the detrimental effects caused by different detergents on the E7 protein using HeLa cells as the host. In these experiments, we found that the damage caused by the detergent, nonylphenylpolyethylene glycol (NP-40), was minimal relative to Triton X-100 commonly used for the cell lysis. Temperature also affected the stability of the E7 protein, and we found that the E7 protein was stabilized at 4$^{\circ}C$ for about 2 h, which was 4 times longer than at room temperature. Finally, a HPV-infected cervical cancer cell line, which was used as a real sample model, was treated using the optimized conditions and the presence of E7 proteins were analyzed by immuno-chromatography. The results of this experiment demonstrated that this rapid test could specifically detect HPV-infected samples.