• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.3-13
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to define element of specialization for interior design education according to investigate samples and analyze situations. The study was composed three schemes as follows, materiality classification of specialization, condition of specialization and survey and analysis of specialization. Materiality specialization classify 4 types which are localization, focus on design process, design and project participation and resource. The specialization conditions, according to classify, were to make cooperation center for practical fields and to find new fields of Interior design education and develope advanced skills.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2015

This study was conducted under the premise that the university library's subject specialization room is in need of major modifications in order to accommodate the needs of various majors. The subject specialization room will be able to support university library users who are inclined to use the general reading room. Therefore, the study presents spatial planning for the average university library's subject specialization room by taking into account student majors. This could be a guideline for the construction and renovation of university libraries in the future. The summary of results for this study and the conclusions are as follows: 1)Natural sciences subject specialization room should be, partially connected with the humanities/social science subject specialization room in order to provide an open-concept reference room. In the shared area connecting the two subject specialization rooms needs to be installed a staff counter and subject specialist librarian service booth for users of both subject specialization rooms. 2)For humanities/social sciences subject specialization room, partially connect with the natural sciences subject specialization room. In the connecting area between the two rooms, plan an open-concept lounge for resting and reading. 3)It is best to plan subject specialization room for art/music/physical education majors separate from the subject specification room of other majors. Structurally separate art/music/physical education major subject specialization rooms from the building or plan a separate room in an art/music/physical education building. Users of art/music/physical education majors showed a high preference for a spatially separated and specialized library structure, which proves that an art/music/physical education library need to be planed based on the specialized library structure found in law school libraries or medical school libraries. Plan the center of the room with open-concept based reading room. Use wall-sides, partitions, or shelves to create reading space separate from the shelving area.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.526-542
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the dissatisfaction with and design preferences for mountain gear among the segments divided by specialization activity-pursued for recreational mountaineering. Data were collected by questionnaire survey from 900 subjects with the experiences of mountaineering and purchasing mountain gear in the past year, and 891 were used for the data analysis. The results of the study were as follows: Three factors were formulated based on mountaineering specialization activity-pursued: expertise-pursued mountaineering, mountaineering with psychological attachment and activity-oriented mountaineering. Four segments were identified based on the specialization activity-pursued: the emotionally-committed, the continuously-participated, the expertise-pursued, and the passively-participated. Significant differences were found in dissatisfaction with and design preference for mountain gear among the segments. The expertise-pursued tended to be more dissatisfied with color and fabric than the others, and preferred various mountain gear design of shape, color combination and construction line. On the other hand, the passively-participated tended to prefer simple and comfortable style with solid color and simple color combination.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.481-488
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• 2019

A change request in design education is a phenomenon manifested by changes in the value of the industry and market demands. Changes in external requirements and internal values that affect the design industry today are shifting from consumer-centered design to stakeholder-centered design. At the center of these changes, design education should be transformed into an educational mechanism that conforms to the characteristics of each field and design specialization should coincide with the direction of the capitalist market. Design specialization must realize the policy of education in economic value first, and should be changed to a design process that enhances rationality and efficiency from the previous apprenticeship education.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.157-164
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• 2014

The subject specialization room will be able to support university library users who are inclined to use the general reading room. This study is the research of the area planning for university library's subject specialization room. For the evaluation, 431 users from 15 university libraries in 14 universities located across Seoul were surveyed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, f-test were used. Results of the study are as follow. Subject specialization rooms in university libraries can be classified via the analysis of spatial characteristics. According to the area ratio of data space and reading space in a subject specialization room, the subject room can be separated into data-loaning and data-reading types. Old libraries are more likely to be data-loaning types, where reading room is small and there are a lot of bookshelves. The annual increase in library collections causes space for bookshelves to decrease. As a result, space for reading has been gradually transformed into space for stacking data. It is necessary to introduce ways to maintain enough space for both reading and stacking data. One way includes movable compact shelving, which can partially replace existing fixed shelves.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.5-14
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• 2015

Purpose - This study undertakes to examine the automotive trade structure between Korea and Russia to accelerate economic cooperation and pinpoint trade discrepancies to increase trade volume through improved policies, eventually finding ways for trade expansion. Research design, data, and methodology - To analyze trade decision factors for both countries, the Index of trade specialization invented by trade specialization theory, is used. Although specific factors should materialize in the trade decision analysis, realistically, concrete explanations are difficult as many unsolved factors are involved as well as their complexities Results - First, to assess comparative market competitiveness, the Index describes A value/B value, representing the Korean versus the Russia market share and the Korean market share versus the world. Second, the index shows that Korea is taking comparative advantage of its export specialization. Third, the RCA indices show considerable improvement compared to 2000. Conclusions - This research used a quantitative approach to examine trade specialization and examined a comparative advantage index of market share to see how inter-trade relations have changed over the past 10 years.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.180-188
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• 2015

University libraries aim to improve not only educational effects but also the general quality of colleges. A primary way of pursuing this goal is through providing professors and students with sufficient amounts of available references and materials that can be used for academic purposes. However, even though university libraries are intended to be used by college students majoring in different fields, they tend to provide mostly books. This limited offering of resources means that they are not distinguishing themselves from regular libraries. The purpose of this study is to present basic data for the spatial design of a subject specialization room in a college library. Included in the design are recommendations for the type and placement of the furniture in the room. The summary of results for this study and the conclusions are as follows: The layout of data space and reading space in a subject specialization room can be categorized into both document-oriented (document centralized and document categorized) and reading-oriented (reading centralized, all, and group types). The public reading seats and private reading seats in a subject specialization room, according to their ratio, can be divided into private reading, public reading, and distributed reading sections. The ratio of open-spaced tables is higher for groups of four or more people, but users often sit separately from others in order to ensure privacy. Unfortunately, this practice results in seating gaps that do not make efficient use of space. The result is that the public reading seats are less efficient than the private reading seats in terms of space. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of cubicles.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.88-107
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• 2021

Purpose - Using a model that highlights Ricardian comparative advantage and Cournot competition, I derive theoretical predictions on how bilateral measures of trade intensity, specialization, and intra-industry are interrelated, and how Ricardian productivity differences affect these measures. We test the predictions using trade and production data, and confirm them. Design/methodology - A simple two-country general equilibrium model is constructed to derive theory-based bilateral indexes. We then test the relationships among them using panel data for 35 countries and 14 industries between 1996 and 2008. Findings - Bilateral trade intensity is increasing in specialization, as in the classical trade theory, and in intra-industry trade, as in the new trade theory. However, productivity differences positively affect specialization, and negatively affect intra-industry trade. These effects cancel each other; thus productivity differences have little impact on trade intensity. Originality/value - This paper provides a comprehensive conceptual framework for understanding the relationship among trade intensity, specialization, intra-industry trade, and productivity differences. We derive theory-consistent measures of specialization, intra-industry trade, and productivity differences. Moreover, we reevaluate the empirical relevance of these variables for the study of gravity equations. This paper is also an effort to capture oligopolistic competition in a general equilibrium framework, interests in which recently resurged.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

This paper is intended to suggest some reference materials for future specialization of university education about healthcare facility design in Korea, by reviewing the degree systems and curriculum of 5 universities where architecture departments have specialized program for healthcare facility design in USA. Research method includes the navigation of related homepages, the e-mail contacts with the professors in charge, and the analysis of collected materials. Some conclusions can be summarized as following : Degrees of the specialized programs under concentration or track system are awarded as the same title as master program in the department of Architecture. Specialized education programs can be largely classified by concentration/track systems( Clemson University, University of Kansas and Arizona State University) which are operated independently in general and certificate system(Texas A&M University and Texas Tech University) which adds some healthcare related courses to general master program in the department of Architecture. As distinctive curriculum from 5 Universities, Clemson University which offers almost courses related to healthcare facility design, University of Kansas which provides internships(6 credits each) for summer term & fall semester of 2nd year, and Texas Tech University where certificate program is co-operated by architecture and nursing department can be mentioned. In order to pursuit the specialization of university education about healthcare facility design in the department of Architecture, it would be desirable to proceed it after setting the direction such as concentration, track or certificate system according to the various circumstances & conditions of the department concerned.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.92-99
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• 2003

Big 3 Korean department stores - Lotte, Hyundai, and Shinsegae have pursued a differentiation strategy in order to survive the era of big-bang. This study has proposed to present a frame work with which we can recognize the character of design, which is pertinent to a differentiation strategy. The results of study are as follow ; 1) Lotte department store reveals the 3 strategies - location, composition and specialization strategy and the character of design has traditional, high class and neutral disposition. 2) Hyundai department store reveals high class strategy and the character of design has high class and modern disposition. 3) Shinsegae department store reveals high class and specialization strategies and the character of design has high class, tradition and modem disposition.