• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2003

This study was to analyze the trademarks of The Polo Lauren Company in fashion products and its analogous trademarks that have been applied or registered in the Korean Patent Office. The data was collected from the Korean Patent Office and KIPRIS search system was used. Total 468 trademarks applied by the date of September 10, 2003 including 317 registered trademarks of the Polo Lauren Company and 151 its analogous trademarks applied for fashion products, were used for the analysis. The results were follows. (1) Total 73 different types of trademarks of the Polo Lauren Company were registered for 26 product classification. Trademarks were composed of all possible combination of letter, sign and sketch to prevent the registration of its analogous trademark. Also even the same trademarks were registered for each different product classification. Since the early 1990s the extended trademarks for each segments reflecting diverse lifestyles were frequently registered. (2) Total 134 trademarks that had applied for registration were rejected due to its analogousness to the Polo Lauren. Most of them were seem to purposely analogous to mislead and to confuse consumers. The major type was to add one or two words as brand extention to the genuine Polo brand. Next type was minor modification of genuine trademark. The last type was almost same brand names in different product categories. (3) Total 3 trademarks were not permit to register by the objection of the Polo Lauren Company. Total 19 trademarks were permit to register. Those showed low degree of analogousness. However most of these trademarks were cancelled by the lawsuit of the Polo Lauren company.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2006

Contemporary society is lately going through various changes in social, economic, and cultural aspects due to rapid growth of information and computer technology. The digital revolution generated from the development of network reflects the decentralizing characteristic that connects local and personal interconnections. The following paper is designed to develop a basic understanding of digital architecture and show that digital virtual reality is not accidental phenomenon but it is actually evolved from nature and recreated in cyber space. The relationship between nature and digital architecture will be explained through the background research of how digital architecture was born and how it has been transformed. Also, it is designed to find out modern trends of digital architecture through diagrams and virtual space of hyper architecture and follow up the new phenomena appearing in the field of architecture. It is said that digital architecture is a new trend of architecture created from computer bit but all architecture that has form and shape cannot be independent of nature. Nature is the root of everything and even mechanical abstraction such as 'digital' can find its form in the immanence melted in the pure essence of nature. The research found that the nature approach of digital architecture also needs no more than 5 sequential references to find its genuine sketch as the hypertext theory shows we need only 5 sequential references to prove we are all related. Additionally, the cyber space that is become a general living space and a indispensable factor of digital architecture is a space that has obscurity and more open culture. It represents the characteristics of contemporaries in various aspects of society.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.45-64
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• 1991

Each of us has personal and unique "Mental Images" of environment that are the results of a two-way process between an observer and his environment. By understanding of people's image on their physical settings through cognitive maps, congruent with their design environment. In this context, this study is to fine out the characteristics of the resident's image in apartment housing that are modern housing. This paper is theoretically based on Appleyard's cognitive maps types, Lynch's the components of image, Harrison and Howard's image enhancing factors and Applyard's image enhancing factors of buildings. For the purpose of this study, two-instruments were used. One was sketch mapping, that told of visual aspects of cognitive map. Another was verbal questionnaire, which was composed of nonvisual aspects of image components and image enhancing factors. For the methods of research analysis, Percentage, Frequency, and Chi-square test were used. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, as for the types of cognitive maps, the rate of sequential maps and spatial maps are nearly same. Secondly, as for the components of images, landmarks and districts are significant elements in apartment housing, and edges, nodes and paths are rare element. Thirdly, with regard to image enhancing factors, landscaping is shown to be most effective at landmarks and districts. And finally, in examing the differences of images between various social groups, significant variables are years of living and housing size. Age and income are the next. In this study of image, we can learn about manner in which individuals come to see, understand, and cope with the environment at a personal level. So, user-oriented approach is useful in environmental design, and particularly, it is useful in the apartment housing of the future life space.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the regionality of RCR Arquitectes's architectural characteristics and to figure out how these characteristics were applied to each project. The reason why they become world-class architects, who recently awarded Pritzker Architecture Prize, is because they deal with universality as their most previous inspiration which is harmonized with their own experience of hometown, Olot. They pursue "Equilibrium" is their fundamental aspect which is inspired by their experiences in Olot. The concept "Equilibrium" is classified into three main points. First, the close relationship between the landscape and architecture is priority in this concept, which is the potential of the place through architecture to form a new landscape and to pursue a balance with nature. In order to keep the relationship closer, they captured the intuitive idea through the watercolor sketch in the beginning of the project. And they also promoted the involvement of surrounding nature through horizontality, frame and void, etc. Secondly, they used cor-ten steel as the main material for most projects, and the symbiotic relationship with nature that allow people to have a different sensory experience. And the last feature is that their buildings are easily applied to different usage through users intend and behave so their buildings have transformed with various values. It is because they design buildings with strategy to harmonize between landscape and environment so they have various expansion as buildings or objects. The present era of globalization, architecture with regional identity plays an important role in conveying the values of each region. The purpose of this study is to investigate about RCR Arquitectes, who informed about the Olot and Spain's regionality, and to consider the development of architecture that implies our country's identity.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2005

기술의 발전에 따라 다양한 항해 계기들이 개발되고 있으나, 인간 과실에 의한 해양사고는 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 따라서 사고를 감소시키기 위해 항해 장비들을 인간공학적으로 배치하고 설계하는 것이 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 이러한 흐름에 각 국의 선급 및 해운 관련 기구에서는 인간공학적 개념을 적용한 통합선교시스템(Integrated Bridge System : IBS)에 대한 규정을 마련하고 있으며, IBS는 인간 과실로 인한 해양사고를 감소시키기 위한 설계와 정보의 제공을 중심으로 발전 할 것으로 예상된다. IBS의 일환으로, 선박 운항 시 항행정보를 하나의 모니터에 보여주는 Conning Display는 선교 근무자가 필요한 정보를 얻기 위해 취하는 부수적인 행동, 시간 등을 단축시킨다. 그러나 Conning Display 설계에 있어 표준화된 규범이 없으므로 객관적 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 설문조사와 스케치 기법, 휴리스틱 평가 등의 방법들을 통해 Conning Display의 인간공학적 설계를 위한 요소를 추출하였다. 이를 바탕으로 새로운 Conning Display를 제작하여 기존 fouling Display와 비교, 평가 실험을 실시하였다. 본 논문의 결과를 통해 향후 더 나은 Conning Display를 설계, 개발하는데 있어 인간공학적 지표를 제시하고 하나의 표본으로 사용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2017

설계가는 차원 높은 설계철학과 언어를 구사하기 위해 지식 축척과 통찰력 배양을 통해 사고의 폭과 깊이를 추구한다. 본 연구는 조경설계에서 설계가의 '기억'을 기반으로 한 개념 형상화 유형 특성을 구명하고자 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 설계 아이디어는 설계가의 언어와 이미지 기억을 바탕으로 발상을 시작하여 대표적 의사소통 수단인 언어적 관점과 시각적 관점으로 형상 유형이 구성된다. 둘째, 조경설계의 언어적 개념 형상화는 2가지로 구성된다. '설계주제로서 제목의 상징적 언어'는 하나의 '구(句)'일 수 있으며, 위계를 두어 주(主)와 부(副)의 균형을 갖추어야 한다. '개념적 시나리오의 서술적 형상'은 서술적으로 개념을 표현하여 독자가 설계된 경관을 가상으로 경험하는 글이다. 셋째, 조경설계의 시각적 개념 형상화는 3가지로 구성된다. '다이어그램의 시각적 단순 형상'은 단순한 그래픽으로 상징물, 주석과 이미지, 키워드를 사용하여 쉽게 형상화된다. '개념스케치와 핵심 아이디어의 형상'은 초기 개념단계에서 물리적 요소와 공간에 대한 형태 속성 및 공간관계와 같은 아이디어의 핵심을 파악하는데 유용하다. '이미지 조합으로 새로운 형상을 창조하는 콜라주와 몽타주'는 새로운 시각을 제공하는 재료와 이미지의 모음으로 경관 현상을 기록하여 아이디어를 압축적으로 묘사하는 도구이다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권20호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

영화 <아바타>의 영향으로 3D 입체 영상의 발전 전망에 대하여 사회적으로 많은 관심을 가지고 있으며 컴퓨터그래픽 기술을 지원하는 하드웨어 기술발전에도 지속적인 성장이 예측되고 있다. 또한 컴퓨터 인터넷 기반 3D네트워크 인프라의 저변 확대로 인터넷 상에서 3D 게임사업의 발전과 함께 2D 애니메이션의 기술적인 공유가 함께 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 기술적인 발전으로 문화적인 디자인 제작 한계가 좁혀지고 애니메이션의 2D, 3D 저변확대가 빠르게 넓혀지고 있으나 디자이너가 작업하고자 하는 디지털 콘텐츠모양과 화면에서의 환경구조에 대한 문제해결방향을 분석하는데 있어 아직까진 한계를 보인다. 본 연구는 3D산업의 현황과 인지과학의 대표적인 연구방법인 절차 지향적인 분석을 통한 영상 애니메이션 디자이너의 작업 프로토콜을 분석하고 공통된 커뮤니케이션 및 작업도구를 사용하면서 표현 되는 행위를 관찰하여 그들의 작업 프로세스를 분석하고자 한다. 연구 결과를 도출하기 위하여 대표적인 선행연구를 고찰하고 여기서 나온 자료를 근거로 실증적인 심층 분석을 실시하였다. 분석방법으로 피험자가 3D 게임영상에 적용하기 위한 2D 아바타이미지를 스케치 하는 과정을 촬영하였으며 분석과정에서 발생되는 단계별 분석범주를 세분화하고 코드화 하여 디자이너가 문화적인 문제해결을 어떻게 극복하고 정리된 형태로 진행해 가는지를 살펴보았다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.629-636
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of single and double finger gestures related on the web browser and to extract the appropriate finger gestures. Background: As electronic equipment emphasizes miniaturization for improving portability various interfaces are being developed as input devices. Electronic devices are made smaller, the gesture recognition technology using the touch-based interface is favored for easy editing. In addition, user focus primarily on the simplicity of intuitive interfaces which propels further research of gesture based interfaces. In particular, the fingers in these intuitive interfaces are simple and fast which are users friendly. Recently, the single and double finger gestures are becoming more popular so more applications for these gestures are being developed. However, systems and software that employ such finger gesture lack consistency in addition to having unclear standard and guideline development. Method: In order to learn the application of these gestures, we performed the sketch map method which happens to be a method for memory elicitation. In addition, we used the MIMA(Meaning in Mediated Action) method to evaluate gesture interface. Results: This study created appropriate gestures for intuitive judgment. We conducted a usability test which consisted of single and double finger gestures. The results showed that double finger gestures had less performance time faster than single finger gestures. Single finger gestures are a wide satisfaction difference between similar type and difference type. That is, single finger gestures can judge intuitively in a similar type but it is difficult to associate functions in difference type. Conclusion: This study was found that double finger gesture was effective to associate functions for web navigations. Especially, this double finger gesture could be effective on associating complex forms such as curve shaped gestures. Application: This study aimed to facilitate the design products which utilized finger and hand gestures.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 기존 소방시스템의 문제점을 개선한 인공지능형 방향성 유도등 제어 시스템에 적용하기 위해 필요한 최적 피난유도 알고리즘 설계기법을 제시하였다. 인공지능형 방향성 유도등 제어 시스템은 화재 감지기 및 수신반과 연동하여 화재 발생시 발화부 및 연기 이동에 대한 판단을 통하여 최적의 비상대피 유도라인을 계산하여 인명 피해를 최소화하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 최적 피난유도 알고리즘 구현을 위하여 최단거리 계산 알고리즘인 FLOYD 알고리즘을 이용하였으며, 각 지역 감지기의 감지 신호에 대한 위험상태에 따라 지역 위험인자를 적용한 최단거리 산출기법으로 구현하였다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a realistic illustration using watercolors on a complete airway obstruction maneuver that is at an appropriate level for elementary school students from the first grade through the third. The illustration is a series of cuts divided into specific frames designed to illustrate the method to be followed in an action or a practical skill that would otherwise be too difficult to explain in written form. Methods: The fundamental theory of the Jeong In-Sung's instruction learning program based on the WEB to construct an appropriate site of instruction learning was used after modification. In this study analysis, design, and production stages were realized. Results: 1. In Stage 1, impressions of the illustration, in sketch form, were received. In Stage 2, results of impressions from a modified illustration were received. After an appropriate level of understanding and accuracy in the practical steps for emergency maneuvers were achieved the illustrations entering Stage 3 and color was added to the sketches. 2. In Stage 3, the illustration was completed by adding color to the contents for the practical steps in the complete airway obstruction maneuver. 3. For composition evaluation, a result of 100% appropriateness was obtained for both items of harmony between illustration and subject being studied and sufficiency in quantity of illustrations. Also high results for appropriateness in items such as clarity, creating interest, illustration size, and tone preference as related to content were achieved and thus completed the production stages. Conclusion: The Complete Airway Obstruction Maneuver Illustration developed specifically for the characteristics and cognitive level of elementary school students grade 1 through grade 3 was appropriate for teaching and learning. There is a need for future research on developed illustrations aimed at elementary school students grade 1 through 3 on the complete airway obstruction maneuver. There is also a need for continued effort in developing certified evaluating tools that can judge the suitability of illustrations and developing illustrations related to emergency maneuvers for various subjects and appropriate for learner level.