• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.431-446
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the gender role changes of Korean women reflected on their costumes during 20th century. To analyze the diachronic gender role changes, social environments(education, job, economy, family systems, mass-media) of 20 th century were inquired by 10 years and comparatively analyzed with 680 images of representative costumes each periods. The results are as followed. 1) $1900s{\sim}1910s$: The most representative women's gender role was a wise mother and good wife. Therefore the adopted western costume, a symbol of civilization, were represented women as a passive and sexual object of man. 2) $1920s{\sim}1930s$: 'Shin Yeosung(Modern Girl)' was the representative gender role of that time. They were the symbol of enlightenment and new education. Their costumes influenced to the changes of traditional Hanbok in functional side. 3) $1940s{\sim}1950s$: In World War II. a strong and stubborn women were wanted to support their family. They threw feminity and changed their costumes into an active and functional 'Mombbe'. 4) $1960s{\sim}1970s$: Women asserted Gender equality and resisted the traditional women's gender role. Mini Skirts and Unisex costumes were symbolic costumes reflecting the changes. 5) 1980s: The self confidence of women's gender role affected the androgynous look and body-conscious look in modern fashion. 6) $1990s{\sim}2000s$: Now, the dichotomy of gender role is not no longer effective way to understand the social changes and fashion trend rather than personal characteristics and lifestyle trends.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.852-859
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• 1996

The factors and mechanism of arm surface changes were analyzed by regression analysis for the relationship between changes in arm joint angle and arm surface changes, according to the direction of upper extremity motion. Body surface change patterns among subjects were tested also. Experiments were carried out on 3 female subjects of different body types to examine 26 motions in 4 directions for 4 upper extremity parts. The major conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. The expansion or contraction of arm surface length depends on the direction of upper extremity motion. 2. Arm surface length changes by linear expansion or contraction according to the joint angle of the direction of motion. The mechanism of arm surface changes is represented by a linear relation between arm surface changes and the (actors of the direction of upper extremity motion and arm joint angle. 3. Arm surface length shows the same pattern of body surface changes regardless of body type. A quantitative model of body surface changes at upper extremity should be developed for functional sleeve design.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2016

Extreme floods occur more often recently as the frequency of extreme storm events increase due to the climate change. Because the extreme flood exceeding the design flood can cause large-scale disasters, it is important to predict and prepare for the future extreme flood. Flood flow is affected by two main factors; rainfall and land use. To predict the future extreme flood, both changes in rainfall due to the climate change and land use should be considered. The objective of this study was to simulate the future design flood in the Hwangguji river watershed, South Korea. The climate and land use change scenarios were derived from the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Conversion of land use and its effects (CLUE) and hydrologic modelling system (HEC-HMS) models were used to simulate the land use change and design flood, respectively. Design floods of 100-year and 200-year for 2040, 2070, and 2100 under the RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were calculated and analyzed. The land use change simulation described that the urban area would increase, while forest would decrease from 2010 to 2100 for both the RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The overall changes in design floods from 2010 to 2100 were similar to those of probable rainfalls. However, the impact of land use change on design flood was negligible because the increase rate of probable rainfall was much larger than that of curve number (CN) and impervious area.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2010

The design trend of train nose has been developed through interrelation of social culture and trains. Along with the changes of social culture and train nose of the advanced railway countries (United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Korea) have been divided into the 6 periods from the 1800's to 2008. First, the design changes on the Image scale, Munsell system, Design positioning map of train nose have been confirmed. Second, the design trend of train nose through social culture has been analyzed. Last, the research on the design trend on train nose of each country has been done. The result shows that the design trend of train nose is a progressively structural, practical, popular, humane, eco-friendly and state-of-the-art design trend.

• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2014

Existing BIM(Building Information Modeling) based energy evaluation tools cannot be utilized enough for the potential performance of BIM because most of them have not provided the integrated model for energy evaluation, assessment of the material, cost of the construction, and so on. This research aims to propose and develop a new application, EcoBIM, to support an integrated evaluation of the energy and cost efficiencies of the design alternatives within the design process. The proposed application functions as a BIM-based evaluation system that calculates energy-savings performance as well as the construction cost of the alternatives at the design stage. This study mainly focuses on the possibilities of developing the proposed technology. We also suggest an advanced design process using the proposed system, corresponding to changes of national regulations in Korea. This study deduce that EcoBIM can allow architects to make suitable decisions regarding energy- and cost-efficient designs. The proposed design process will allow architects not only to check the eco-friendly performance of design alternatives but also predict the operation cost in a certain period in the future. EcoBIM can prevent large-scale design changes required to obtain environmental certification and enable the owner to make an informed decision about the initial investment of construction according to the result of the analysis of the energy requirement at the design stage.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.6 s.28
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• pp.115-123
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• 2005

Design of steel $bridge^{\circ}AEs$ temporary works has conducted relying on the experiences of engineers based on the previous similar projects. Consequently, there have been arguments against over-design of temporary bents to be required at the actual construction sites, and unnecessary design changes have been issued at the construction stage. In this study, we have developed an optimum design support system for temporary works of the steel bridge construction through establishing the database for the materials to be needed for implementation of temporary works. We've also improved the accuracy and efficiency of the works through the design optimization for temporary works, and contributed to reduce design changes as well as to utilize the design informations at the construction stage.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.2
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• pp.42-89
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• 2000

Industrial ceramic of Korean industrial design, especially tableware show different characteristics in their forms between 1940s-1960s, and 1970s-1990s. The shift of such changes can be verified objectively by module measurement. The validity of the results applying this method is supported by the investigation of the change of aesthetic modes in Korean society. The most obvious change in the figurative characteristics of tableware is in the outline of their external shapes. 'Module' is used to describe and analyze the changes of such an external shape more strictly as the objective method and measuring the module is employed. This method was developed by the combination of the method analyzing figurative art works by Re Corbuise who uses 'module' with Hambidge's method to describe and analyze the works by means of the golden section. The shift of flgurative changes of tableware could be examined objectively and elaborately by such a newly developed method. The industrialization of tableware production in Korea was begun in 1940s. Then its design was not activated, but as the society has been stabilized through the liberation and civil war, design was settled in 1960s. After that, the design has played the essential roles in 1970s. And as the importance of design in producing goods has been recognized according to the economic growth. The design of tableware shows a remarkable difference based on 1960s and 1970s in such an economic growth. It is resulted from the scientific data analysis of the design since 1940 without any preference. According to the results which analyze the external shapes of tableware for last 50 years, the tableware designs show much differences between 1940s-1960s, and 1970s-1990s. The figurative changes of Korean tableware show the similar trends to the transitional aspects of the society. Design is the manifestation of aesthetic modes which have been developed in a close relationship to society and especially economy. In Korea the development of design was initiated by the economic growth and the Korean aesthetic modes were also changed with the economic growth. The transitional shift of aesthetic modes shown in the figurative characteristics of tableware which are divided on the basis of 1960s and 1970s was peak in 1970s with the development of economy and design started in 1960s.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.206-207
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• 2004

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.98-107
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• 2013

Space evolves from the concept of deterministic static location to a dynamic, connected area through the interference of the user. While this does incorporate physical changes of the space, it also reflects the changes of the program or characteristics of the space through the actions and changes of the user. Therefore, in this study we plan to review the characteristic of time appearing within space, thereby discussing the impact of changing of condition in time-space to the decision making of the user. Further, we plan to analyze the specific causes, and subsequently introduce a new perspective over space. In order to achieve this, we need to first understand the reason why the attribute of time needs to be discussed in space, and perform a fundamental analysis of factors for the changes of the users' actions following changes in space-time condition. This means that space is not limited to merely satisfying its innate objective as an area, but may have a basis for modifying its role to help the decision making of the users caused by changes in space-time conditions. Accordingly, we analyze the factors for change of environment that can appear in space following the flow of time caused by correlation in space-time, as well as psychological factors and variables for decision making by the users. Based on this, we analyze cases to study the influence of condition changes in time-space on the action decision judgment of the users. Through this, we propose that the actions of the users can be determined following changes in time-space conditions, and discuss the need for changes in our perspective of space.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.153-167
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• 2004

Korea had suffered the colony of Japanese imperialism and the Korean War from the invasion of the external circumstances. Such special situation made new influences on the clothing habits. The types of Korean women clothing could escape from the traditional style that had been maintained for thousands of years. The foreign clothes for Korean women had undergone various changes from the Liberation in 1945. The jackets that had been introduced to Korea at the Enlightenment period had become popular outfits for men. The jackets made big influences on the changes such as the social advances for women from the times background of the Liberation. The jackets possess very important meaning for the changes in the diffusion of feminism and fashion. Therefore, this research tries to investigate the forms, silhouettes, changes and structures of the jackets such as the locations of the collar, the sleeve, and the waste line. The process of the changes in the style of women jackets is also analyzed from the silhouette and the structure method. The development and changes will be understood of Korean women's jackets. The Korean women's jackets should also be examined further with the history of foreign clothing from now on. The fashion to be introduced from important society cultural phenomena and the Western Europe has been reflected into the changes in the style of Korean female jackets. Also, dramatic changes in the style of clothing indicate that the society had experienced a great deal of changes. It is verified that foreign clothes have been interacted with the stream of times worldwide. After the Liberation, the female jackets become a uniform style which just followed the Western European style. However, a season trend has been announced from the SFAA since 1990. Since then trendy jackets have been detailed more with this chance.