• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2019

Numerous efforts are being made to develop an ideal dermal filler that should be bio-compatibility, non-immunogenicity, long-lasting and biodegradable without a toxic secretion. Biomaterials of dermal fillers are hyaluronic acid filler, calcium filler, PMMA filler and collagen filler depending on the ingredient. Although hyaluronic acid (HA) is most widely used, it has shortages such as short shelf life and low mechanical strength compare to extracellular matrix (ECM). The cartilage ECM composed of collagen type II, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and in a minor part with glycoproteins. In this study, we developed a cartilage ECM injectable filler capable of improving biocompatibility and longevity compared with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers. The ECM hydrogel was cross-linked by the reaction of N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) for mechanical enhancement. Prepared ECM filler was compared with cross-linked HA by butanediol diglycidyle ether (BDDE), which is the most widely used natural polymers for dermal filler. In the results, the articular cartilage ECM hydrogel has great potential as a dermal filler to improve the biophysical and biological performance.

• 월간포장계
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• 통권330호
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• pp.76-86
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• 2020

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.310-314
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• 2022

The emergence of vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises risk of possible adverse events from interaction between the vaccines and facial aesthetic care. A 47-year-old female with no medical comorbidities visited our emergency room due to midface painful swelling after 3 hours following receiving the second dose of the messenger RNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. About 14 years ago, she underwent nonsurgical augmentation on the nasojugal groove with a calcium hydroxylapatite dermal filler. We performed incision and drainage under general anesthesia on the next day. During operation, yellowish pus-like materials bulged out. After an operation, we performed a combination therapy with antibiotics and methylprednisolone. Her symptoms improved day by day after surgery, and then a complete recovery was achieved at 3 weeks after the treatment. In conclusion, providers of aesthetic procedures are to be aware of the potential risks of such vaccines for patients who already had or seek to receive dermal filler injections.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2015

In this study, we developed a composite filler comprising cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) and human collagen (COL) derived from the human umbilical cord with the aim of improving its biocompatibility and longevity compared with commercially available fillers. After HA/COL composite fillers were made in two different ratios (10:1 and 5:1), the physical properties of the fillers were evaluated. The interior morphologies and in vivo weight change of these hydrogels were also characterized at 1-16 weeks after injection into mice. To evaluate their biocompatibility and durability in vivo, we injected the composite fillers into nude mice subcutaneously. The variations of injected gel weight were measured and compared with the commercial dermal fillers (Restylane and TheraFill). The composites showed improved or similar physical properties (complex viscosity of 19-22 × 10⁵ cP, and injection force of 10-12 N) over the commercial dermal fillers. Sixteen weeks following the injection, the ratio of remaining composite filler weight to initial weight (75.5 ± 16.9%; 10:1) was shown to be greater than that of the commercial fillers (43.2 ± 8.1%, Restylane; 12.3 ± 5.3%, TheraFill). In addition, immunohistochemical analysis with angiogenesis-related markers such as isolectin and vWF revealed newly formed blood vessels and cellular influx into the composite filler, which were not observed in the other fillers. These results clearly suggest that the HA/COL composite filler is a superior candidate for soft tissue reconstruction. The filler we developed may be a suitable candidate as an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.227-231
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• 2018

In recent years, as interest in maintaining beauty and a youthful appearance has grown, filler procedures such as soft tissue augmentation have become more popular. These fillers are sometimes seen as radiopaque shadows on radiographic images, either due to the fillers themselves or because of secondary reactions; such findings may present a diagnostic challenge to dentists. The present report describes 3 cases of dermal fillers observed in panoramic and cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images. All 3 elderly female patients had filler injected into their cheeks and chin area for cosmetic purposes decades ago. On panoramic images, multiple symmetric radiopacities were observed in the facial area; on CBCT, these calcifications were seen in the subcutaneous tissue in various shapes and with varying density. In conclusion, dentists should be aware of the imaging characteristics of dermal filler, and should be able to differentiate dermal filler from other pathological findings.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.301-304
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• 2020

Dermal injectables are the most popular material for facial enhancement, including volumizing and wrinkle correction. However, although hyaluronic acid is the most common component of dermal injectables, the character of hyaluronic acid products is quite variable. These materials can be described in terms of their viscoelastic properties using four parameters. In this article, the author would like to describe these properties in detail. Although many physicians consider this material to be convoluted, thoroughly understanding the characteristics of various injectables enables us to tailor procedures accordingly and to enhance the final results.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

The successful synthesis of hyaluronic acid micro-threads is very promising approach for the broad application in tissue engineering such as dermal fillers. Because hyaluronic acid has the excellent biocompatibility and ability to maintain the moisture of up to several hundred times its own weight. In order to generate the hyaluronic acid micro-threads in microfluidic system, we employed two-phase flow microfluidic chip to make a rapid synthesis of the hyaluronic acid hydrogel. Hyaluronic acid was mixed with 0.02N NaOH solution and 1, 4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) solution and then injected into core channel. The ethanol was used for the 3-dimensional micro-thread formation in sheath channel. We manipulated the diameter of HA micro-threads using controlling of flow rates in microfluidic chip, and showed the feasibility of immobilization in HA micro-threads with florescent substances. Also, the generated HA micro-threads were evaluated and showed the suitable properties with tensile strength, bending property, and swelling profiles for dermal fillers. As a result, we suggested an innovative method for microfluidic chip-based HA micro-threads which could safely be applied as dermal filler in tissue engineering.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.340-343
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• 2017

Performing rhinoplasty using filler injections, which improve facial wrinkles or soft tissues, is relatively inexpensive. However, intravascular filler injections can cause severe complications, such as skin necrosis and visual loss. We describe a case of blepharoptosis and skin necrosis caused by augmentation rhinoplasty and we discuss the patient's clinical progress. We describe the case of a 25-year-old female patient who experienced severe pain, blepharoptosis, and decreased visual acuity immediately after receiving a filler injection. Our case suggests that surgeons should be aware of nasal vascularity before performing an operation, and that they should avoid injecting fillers at a high pressure and/or in excessive amounts. Additionally, filler injections should be stopped if the patient complains of severe pain, and appropriate measures should be taken to prevent complications caused by intravascular filler injections.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2015

A foreign body granuloma is a non-allergic chronic inflammatory reaction that is mainly composed of multinucleated giant cells. Foreign body granulomas may occur after the administration of any dermal filler. Factors such as the volume of the injection, impurities present in the fillers, and the physical properties of fillers affect granuloma formation. The formation of granulomas involves five phases: protein adsorption, macrophage adhesion, macrophage fusion, and crosstalk. The clinical and pathologic features of granulomas vary depending on the type of filler that causes them. Foreign body granulomas can be treated effectively with intralesional corticosteroid injections. Surgical excisions of granulomas tend to be incomplete because granulomas have ill-defined borders and moreover, surgical excisions may leave scars and deformities.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.169-172
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• 2016

Dermal fillers are generally accepted as safe and well-tolerable cosmetic tools. However, adverse reactions have been reported in the literature. Here, we present a case of atypical facial filler granuloma and compare its histologic features with those of the classic paraffinoma.