• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.83-98
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of body image, body dissatisfaction, and drive for slimness, as mediated by self-esteem and depression, on eating disorder behavior according to gender The subjects of this study were 243 male and 323 female university students from Chungbuk National university in Cheonju. On the basis of previous literature, the theoretical model was specified and estimated for the adequacy of statistical fit for male and female students separately. The proposed theoretical model was supported by the data and fitted adequately. As expected, body image, body dissatisfaction, and desire for thinness had a direct effect on self-esteem for female students. However, whereas body image and body dissatisfaction directly influenced on male students' self-esteem, while desire for gaining weight had no direct effect. Eating disorder behavior in female students was predicted by body dissatisfaction, body image, and self-esteem. For male students, desire for gaining weight and self-esteem strongly predicted eating disorder behavior. The results indicate that the influence of body image, body dissatisfaction, and desire for thinness on eating disorder behavior can be mediated not by depression but by self-esteem.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2001

It is known that the personality is the crucial factor in the treatment outcome of depression. The authors tried to identify the results of such studies and various components which determine the treatment outcome of depression. Nearly 60 papers published between the year 1990 and 2000 about the treatment of depression and personality were reviewed. Among them about 30 papers were selected to compare the research methods, results and discussions. The arguments and critics of the papers were discussed. In the many debates, the authors admitted the fact that premorbid personality trait influences the treatment outcome of depression negatively regardless of treatment method. Subtyping of depression is feasible along the presence of good or bad predictors of treatment outcome for depression. Differentiation of depression and personality seems to have no problem, however test of personality state before the development of psychiatric disorder such as depression is not amenable. For example, cluster A personality trait is often misunderstood as depression in clinical setting. In some cases cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the treatment of depression accompanying personality disorder. The authors insist that the analysis of personality in the dimensional aspect rather than in the categorical aspect gives more information in the research of personality influencing the treatment outcome of depression. In addition, the reason why we understand the relationship between depression and personality were discussed.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2015

Background: To investigate the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and comorbid health problems, including depression/anxiety disorder, insomnia/sleep disorder, fatigue, and injury by accident, and to determine whether certain physical and psychological factors reduce comorbid health problems. Methods: In total, 29,711 employees were selected from respondents of the Third Korean Working Conditions Survey and categorized into two groups: Musculoskeletal Complaints or Musculoskeletal Sickness Absence. Four self-reported health indicators (overall fatigue, depression/anxiety, insomnia/sleep disorder, and injury by accident) were selected as outcomes, based on their high prevalence in Korea. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between comorbid health problems, musculoskeletal complaints, and sickness absence. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints and musculoskeletal sickness absence due to muscular pain was 32.26% and 0.59%, respectively. Compared to the reference group, depression/anxiety disorder and overall fatigue were 5.2-6.1 times more prevalent in the Musculoskeletal Complaints Group and insomnia/sleep disorder and injury by accident were 7.6-11.0 times more prevalent in the Sickness Absence Group. When adjusted for individual and work-related physical factors, prevalence of all four comorbid health problems were slightly decreased in both groups. Conclusion: Increases in overall fatigue and depression/anxiety disorder were observed in the Musculoskeletal Complaints Group, while increases in insomnia/sleep disorder and injury by accident were observed in the Sickness Absence Group. For management of musculoskeletal complaints and sickness absence in the workplace, differences in health problems between employees with musculoskeletal complaints and those with sickness absence as well as the physical and psychological risk factors should be considered.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of initial screening tests for depression and anxiety disorders in children with headache. In addition, this study evaluated whether the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) are suitable for screening symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 720 children aged 7-17 years who had visited a pediatric neurology clinic for headaches and were referred to a pediatric psychiatric clinic for psychiatric symptoms from January 2010 to December 2011. All patients completed the CDI and RCMAS. Among them, charts of patients with clinically significant total scores (cutoff>15) for psychiatric symptoms, as defined by the CDI and RCMAS scoring scales, were reviewed. Results: Nineteen patients had headaches and clinically significant total scores for psychiatric symptoms. The mean age at headache diagnosis was 11.7 years, and 57% were male. Mean duration of headache was 11.5 months. Two point eight percent of the patients were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders including major depression (1.7%), generalized anxiety disorder (1.1%), and bipolar disorder (0.1%). Four patients (0.6%) were diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Total mean CDI and RCMAS scores of patients referred to the psychiatric clinic were 18.8 and 22.2, respectively. There was no correlation between CDI or RCMAS total scores and headache frequency, duration, or severity. Conclusion: We recommend that all patients with headache should be screened for depression and anxiety by CDI and RCMAS scores.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a Reality Therapy program for the elderly with depressive disorder, and then examine the effects of the developed program. Methods: This study used 'non-equivalence control group pretest-posttest design'. The participants were forty-eight elderly who were on medication treatment with depressive disorder. Twenty-two participants were assigned to the experimental group and twenty-six ones were assigned to the control group. A 10-session Reality Therapy program was provided to the experimental group. The data were collected from September to December in 2012. Dependent variables were self-esteem, internal control, and depression. Results: The scores of self-esteem for the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the control group (t=-4.87, p<.001). The scores of depression for the experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the control group (t=3.61, p=.001). However, there was no significant change on the scores of internal control between the two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the Reality Therapy program is effective in increasing self-esteem and decreasing depression for the elderly with depressive disorder.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.176-186
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose this research was to provide with basic data in the control of the sleep disorder found in the patients with fibromyalgia by analysing the main factors that affect that. Method: At two university medical center, appointed 171 out-patients diagnosed of fibromyalgia according to the conditions by American College of Rheumatology(1990). The research instruments used in this study were VAS Scale(Anxiety, fatigue, pain, joint stiffness and depression), physical activity family support, the number of tender points and Self-efficacy scale. In data analysis, SPSS 11.0 program was utilized and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Result: The main factors that affect the sleep disorder of patients with fibromyalgia were fatigue, physical activity, and depressions which explained 46.2% of the sleep disorder. Conclusion: It has been confirmed that the regression equation model of this research may serve as a sleep disorder prediction factors in patients with fibromyalgia.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1996

We have studied 16 patients diagnosed of social phobia among the hospitalized patients for 1 year, from September 1994 to August 1995, to evaluate whether serial phobic symptoms are the prodromal symptoms of the other psychiatric disorder or concomitant disorder. The results were as follows; 1) In the subject of this study, the mean age of onset of social phobic symptoms was 17.3, and the mean age of inital hospital visit was 27.4. 2) The proportion of offensive type was higher than the simple type : 7 cases of the subjects classified as simple type, 9 cases as offensive type. 3) According to the type of social phobia, they developed different type of psychiatric disorder. Majority of patients with simple type had final diagnosis of mood disorder. Patients with offensive type had schizophrenia spectrum disorder, such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder, and schizophrenia, personality disorder. 4) Social phobic symptoms have taken various courses according to the final diagnosis. In the patients who developed major depression and delusional disorder, social phobic symptoms have not been changed during the course. Patients with the final diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder have showed various social phobic symptoms. In the patients with the final diagnosis of bipolar disorder, their social phobic symptoms disappeared with improvement of depression.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to compare weight control behaviors, eating disorder risk, and depression in female adolescents according to dieting experience during the last year. The subjects were 707 students attending a girls' high school in Seoul, and all the information was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Eating disorder risk and depression were determined by using EAT-26 (Eating Attitude Test-26) and PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), respectively. Data were compared between subjects with experience of dieting (320) and those without (387). More of the subjects with dieting experience were unsatisfied with their own body weights (76.9% vs. 44.2%, P<0.01) and weighed themselves frequently (P<0.01) compared to those without diet experience. EAT-26 ($11.63{\pm}8.3$ vs. $5.99{\pm}4.7$, P<0.01) and PHQ-9 scores ($7.05{\pm}4.6$ vs. $6.00{\pm}4.4$, P<0.01) were higher in subjects with dieting experience compared to their counterparts. Therefore, we concluded that dieting is associated with several undesirable psychological aspects such as eating disorder risk and depression in adolescent girls, and thus providing proper education is urgently needed to emphasizing importance of healthy weight and the danger of unnecessary dieting.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2007

양극성 장애 (bipolar disorder)는 조증 삽화 (manic episode)와 우울증 삽화 (depression episode)를 반복적으로 경험하는 기분장애이다. 양극성 장애환자에게 우울증은 조증보다 심각한 결과를 가져오며, 치료의 효과를 측정하기도 어렵다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 우울증(depression) 상태에 있는 환자들을 대상으로 항우울제를 사용하여 정상 (normal) 상태로 전환했을 때, 약물의 장기 사용으로 일어날 수 있는 조증 (mania)과 같은 부작용을 통제하고자 한다. 이를 위해 정상 상태에서 조증으로 전환하는데 소요되는 시간의 분포를 추정한다. 본 연구에서는 세 가지 방법, 모수적, 비모수적 그리고 준모수적 방법을 차례대로 적용하였다. 특히 기분 전환의 흐름을 파악하기 위해 3단계 모형을 사용하였다. 예를 들어, Illness-Death 모형하에서 기분 전환의 발생시점에 대한 분포를 추정하기 위해 계수 과정에 의해 기분 전환에 대한 과정을 모형화하였다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2011

Major depression is a devastating disorder of which lifetime prevalence rate is as high as up to 25% in general population. Although the etiology of the disorder is still poorly understood, it is generally accepted that both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the precipitation of depression. Stressful lifetime events are potent precipitating environmental factors for major depression and early-life stress is in particular an important element that predisposes individuals to major depression later in life. How environmental factors such as stress can make our neural networks susceptible to depression and how those factors leave long-lasting influences have been among the major questions in the field of depression research. Epigenetic regulations can provide a bridging mechanism between environmental factors and genetic factors so that these two factors can additively determine individual predispositions to major depression. Here we introduce epigenetic regulations as candidate mechanisms that mediate the integration of environmental adversaries with genetic predispositions, which may lead to the development of major depression, and summarize basic molecular events that underlie epigenetic regulations as well as experimental evidences that support the active role of epigenetic regulation in major depression.