• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.112-124
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• 1997

According to extensive use of composite resin which have superior esthetic property, every effort on improving bonding strength between a tooth and composite resin has been continued. Acid etching technique is a method that micro-etches the tooth surface which provides bonding with composite resin possible. Recently, there were several reports that mechanical treatment obtained from air-abrasion can provide similar bonding strength with acid etching technique. So, this experimental study was designed to compare the shear bonding strength between using air-abrasion technique and using acid etching technique. Initially, bovine teeth were divided into enamel and dentin experimental groups. Respectively each group was categorized into three subgroups. One subgroup was acid etched with 35% phosphoric acid, then bonded with composite resin. The other subgroup was air-abraded with $50{\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ particles sprayed with 160psi air pressure using air abrasion unit(KCP-1000, A.D.T., U.SA), and composite resin was bonded. In another subgroup, composite resin was bonded after acid etching following air-abrasion. So, enamel experimental groups were made of E1 (acid etched only), E2(air-abraded only), E3(acid etched following air-abraded), and dentin experimental groups were made of D1(acid etched only), D2(air-abraded only), D3(acid etched following air-abraded). Each subgroup had 10 specimens. Dentin bonding system(Scotchbond Multi-purpose, 3M Co., U.S.A.) and composite resin(Z-100, 3M Co., U.S.A.) were applied on treated surface using 5mm diameter gelatin capsule as manufacturer's direction. After 1200 times thermocycling between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$, shear bond strength was measured in 5mm/min crosshead speed with Instron(Instron Co., U.S.A.), and also treated enamel and dentin were observed with SEM(JEOL Co., Japan). The following results were obtained: 1. In the enamel experimental groups, acid etched following air-abraded group had highest shear bond strength, but there was no significant difference compared to acid etched group. Air-abraded only group had lowest shear bond strength, and there was significant difference compared to the rest of groups. 2. In the dentin experimental groups, acid etched following air-abraded group had highest shear bond strength, but there was no significant difference compared to acid etched group. Air-abraded only group had lowest shear bond strength, and there was significant difference compared to the rest of groups. 3. In the SEM study, air-abraded enamel and dentin had irregular and rough surfaces.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.490-497
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• 2011

연구목적: 본 연구는 간접 레진수복시 상아질 접착제의 중합 여부가 레진인레이와 상아질간의 미세인장결합강도와 결합계면의 형태에 미치는 영향을 공초점 현미경 관찰을 통하여 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 24개의 발거된 대구치를 절단하여 교합면 상아질을 노출시켰다. 수복 방법에 따라 크게 간접 레진수복과 직접 레진수복의 두 군으로 나누었다. 간접 레진수복군은 임시 수복하여 1주일 후, 상아질 접착 과정에 따라 4군(OB-C와 OB-NC군, OS-C와 OS-NC군)으로 나누었다. 간접 레진수복군은 산부식 처리된 상아질면에 OptiBond FL (Kerr) 또는 One-Step (Bisco) 상아질 접착제를 중합 여부에 따라 나누어 적용하였다. 처리된 상아질면에 제작된 3 mm 높이의 레진 인레이(Tescera, Bisco)를 Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent)를 사용하여 제조사의 지시에 따라 합착하였다. 직접 레진수복군은 산부식 처리된 상아질면에 상아질 접착 후, 복합레진 (Estelite${\Sigma}$, Tokuyama)으로 즉시 수복하였다(OB-D군, OS-D군). 수복을 마친 모든 치아는 24시간 후, 미세인장 결합 강도 평가와 공초점 레이저 주사 현미경 관찰(CLSM)을 시행하였다. 결과: 간접 레진수복군은 직접 레진수복군에 비하여 낮은 미세인장결합강도를 나타내었으며, 상아질 접착제를 광중합한 군(OB-C군, OS-C군)이 광중합을 시행하지 않은 군(OB-NC군, OS-NC군)에 비하여 높은 미세인장결합강도를 나타내었다. 접착 계면에 대한 CLSM 관찰에서 상아질 접착제를 광중합한 군에서 더 분명하고 균일한 혼성층이 관찰되었다. 상아질 접착제를 광중합하지 않은 군에서는 혼성층이 불분명하거나 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 간접 레진수복물의 합착시 레진시멘트의 적용 전에 상아질 접착제의 광중합은 분명하고 균일한 혼성층의 형성하며, 이는 결합강도의 향상에 기여한다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.348-357
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• 2009

본 연구는 유구치 상아질의 각기 다른 부위(표층부, 심층부, 치경부)에서 복합레진 접착제의 접착강도를 비교, 평가하기 위하여 임상에서 흔히 사용하고 있는 서로 다른 4종의 접착방식(3-step total etch: 1군, 2-step total etch: 2군, 2-step self-etch: 3군, all-in-one: 4군)을 적용하고 복합 레진 ($Light-Core^{TM}$ Core Build-Up Composite)을 적층한 후, 미세인장접착강도를 비교하였을 때 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 접착방식간의 비교에서 레진의 접착방식에 따른 상아질 각 부위에서의 미세인장접착강도는 제 1군이 표층부에서 뚜렷이 높았으나(p<0.05) 2, 3, 4군은 부위에 따른 차이가 없었다. 2. 부위별 미세인장접착강도를 비교하여 보았을 때 상아질 표층부에서의 미세인장접착강도는 레진의 접착 방식간에 차이가 없었으나, 심층부에서는 2군, 3군, 4군 및 1군의 순으로 나타났고(p<0.05), 치경부에서는 2군과 3군이 1군과 4군에 비하여 현저히 높았다(p<0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.483-496
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• 1993

Dentin hypersensitivity medicaments such as Gluma, Scotchbond 2, All-Bond 2, which are resin adhesives, were used to compare the sealing effects of dentinal tubule under mechanical stress. Topical application of above medicaments on the dentin surfaces of extracted teeth followed by artificial tooth brushing for 6 weeks was performed for the comparison. The following conclusions on the degree of dentinal tubule exposure versus time by were reached by using polyvinyl siloxane impression material for taking the impression, epoxy resin for the duplication and SEM for observing the surface. 1. SEM was used to compare the accuracy of the duplicated surface, but no differences were found when teeth samples and the duplicated surfaces were observed. 2. After comparing the degree of dentinal tubules exposure with varnish applied contrast group, resin adhesive materials showed much less exposure as time went by. 3. The results indicated that AU-Bond 2 adhesive, under mechanical stress, showed lesser exposure of dentinal tubules comparing with Gluma and Scotchbond 2 adhesives After the results were put together, it was demonstrated that resin replica method is an useful way to evaluate the treatment effects of the dentinal tubule hypersensitivity medicaments. Also, it was noticed that under mechanical stress, All-Bond 2, classified as fourth generation, illustrated the best dentinal tubules sealing effects.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.180-193
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to observe the sealing ability and durability of All-Bond 2, Gluma Bonding System, Scotch bond 2 and Superbond D-liner which are dentin bonding agents used as desensitizing agents. The durability of the sealing ability of the materials were compared after 0, 140, 420, 840 tooth brushing strokes. 120 extracted teeth were divided into 5 groups and the agents were applied to the exposed dentin. No agents was applied on group I, the control group. Each specimen went through thermocycling from $5^{\circ}$ to $55^{\circ}C$, 200 times. Each group was devide into 4 subgroups and artificial tooth brushing strokes were done for 0, 140, 420, 840 times. Finally the specimens were stored in 0.5 % methylene blue solution for 24 hours in a incubator set at $37^{\circ}C$. The tooth were sectioned perpendicular to the long axis and the dye penetration ratio to the pulp was measured. The following results were obtained. 1. All four dentin bonding agents initially showed excellent sealing ability. 2. All-bond 2, Gluma Bonding System and Superbond D-liner showed durability of dentinal tubule sealing effect after 840 strokes(6-week) artificial tooth brushing. 3. Scotchbond 2 showed a significant decrease in sealing ability after 420 strokes(3-week) artificial tooth brushing. (P<0.05).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 0.2% 클로르헥시딘이 함유된 $Peak^{(R)}$ Universal Bond (PUB)의 우치 상아질에서의 전단결합강도를 알아보는 것이다. 30개 우치의 상아질 시편을 10개씩 세 군으로 나누어 I군에는 $Adper^{TM}$ Single Bond Universal (SB)를 적용하였고 II군에는 $Consepsis^{(R)}$를 처리한 이후 SB를 적용하였고 III군에는 PUB를 적용하고 $Filtek^{TM}$ Z-350 XT B3 shade를 충전후 각각의 전단결합강도를 비교 평가하였다. 그 결과 산부식 후 $Consepsis^{(R)}$를 사용하는 것은 상아질의 전단결합강도에 있어 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p > 0.05). SB에 $Consepsis^{(R)}$를 적용하거나 적용하지 않은 것의 전단결합강도와 PUB의 전단결합강도는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05).

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제58권11호
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• pp.683-689
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• 2020

Dentin surface of non-carious lesion is usually attached with oral biofilm. The biofilm should be removed before application of restorative material, because it may reduce the bond strength of adhesive system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength, when the biofilm was removed with brush or bur. Twenty extracted human third molars were sectioned horizontally to obtain dentin surface. Specimen were divided randomly into four group. Biofilm formation was performed in three group, except for Group 1 (negative control). Biofilm was removed as follows: Group 3, using ICB brush; Group 4, using lowspeed round bur #2. Group 2 (positive control) was not removed Biofilm. And in all four groups, the adhesive system (Optibond FL, Kerr) was applied to etched dentin surface, and resin composite was built up in three 1mm increments. After 24 hour storage in distilled water, the teeth were perpendicularly sectioned to obtain beams (1 × 1 mm2). Microtensile bond strength was measured and the data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (p<0.05). Group 4 showed the highest microtensile bond strength (p<0.05), Group 3 showed no significant improvements when compared to Group 1. Group 2 showed lowest microtensile bond strength (p<0.05). When restoring a non-carious cervical lesion, it is essential to remove the biofilm present on the dentin surface. In addition, in the method of removing the biofilm, both the brush removal method and the bur removal method were effective.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of multiple decontamination procedures for salivary contamination after curing of a universal adhesive on dentin bond strength according to its etch modes. Materials and Methods: Forty-two extracted bovine incisors were trimmed by exposing the labial dentin surfaces and embedded in cylindrical molds. A universal adhesive (All-Bond Universal, Bisco) was used. The teeth were randomly divided into groups according to etch mode and decontamination procedure. The adhesive was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions for a given etch mode. With the exception of the control groups, the cured adhesive was contaminated with saliva for 20 sec. In the self-etch group, the teeth were divided into three groups: control, decontamination with rinsing and drying, and decontamination with rinsing, drying, and adhesive. In the etch-and-rinse group, the teeth were divided into four groups: control, decontamination with rinsing and drying, decontamination with rinsing, drying, and adhesive, and decontamination with rinsing, drying, re-etching, and reapplication of adhesive. A composite resin (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) was used for filling and was cured on the treated surfaces. Shear bond strength was measured, and failure modes were evaluated. The data were subjected to one-way analysis of variation and Tukey's HSD test. Results: The etch-and-rinse subgroup that was decontaminated by rinse, drying, re-etching, and reapplication of adhesive showed a significantly higher bond strength. Conclusions: When salivary contamination occurs after curing of the universal adhesive, additional etching improves the bond strength to dentin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.53.1-53.11
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• 2021

Objectives: This study evaluates the bond strength and marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Repair HP and Biodentine used as apical plugs; MTA was used as reference material for comparison. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 single-rooted teeth with standardized, artificially created open apices were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 per group), according to the material used to form 6-mm-thick apical plugs: group 1 (MTA Repair HP); group 2 (Biodentine); and group 3 (white MTA). Subsequently, the specimens were transversely sectioned to obtain 2 (cervical and apical) 2.5-mm-thick slices per root. Epoxy resin replicas were observed under a scanning electron microscope to measure the gap size at the material/dentin interface (the largest and smaller gaps were recorded for each replica). The bond strength of the investigated materials to dentin was determined using the push-out test. The variable bond strengths and gap sizes were evaluated independently at the apical and cervical root dentin slices. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: The comparison between the groups regarding the variables' bond strengths and gap sizes showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05) except for a single difference in the smallest gap at the cervical root dentin slice, which was higher in group 3 than in group 1 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The bond strength and marginal adaptation to root canal walls of MTA HP and Biodentine cement were comparable to white MTA.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.430-438
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• 2004

This study evaluated the influence of application time of self-etching primers on microtensile bond strength (${\mu}$TBS) to dentin using three self-etching primer adhesive systems. Dentin surfaces were exposed from forty-eight human molars. They were conditioned with three self-etching primers (Clearfil SE Bond [SE], Unifil Bond [UF], Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus [TY]) and different primining times (10s, 20s, 30s and 40s). Composite resins were bonded to dentin surfaces and specimens were made. ${\mu}TBS$ was tested and statistically compared using by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's Test. The results of this study presented that priming time for 10s in SE and UF groups and for 30s and 40s in TY group was highly decreased ${\mu}TBS$ to dentin.