• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.63-64
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• 2006

The design concept of this dental clinic Interior design is emotional color expression for the medical facility. This dental clinic is showing off the new adoption of the Korean primary traditional color pallette for the medical interior design. The graphic wall of the corridor is strongly attracting the eyes of customers while wrapping the corridor wall and partition with rather unconventional primary colored graphic shaping a tooth. Also the vivid and the dynamic atmosphere are emphasized by using the red color in the treatment area and the powder room. For the space programing, I focused on the functionality of each space and the efficiency of the traffic line. Centering around the information desk, the principal traffic line Is divided Into the staffs' private movement and the public movement.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.218-226
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to define a color space of non-vital teeth and to compare it with the color space of matched vital teeth, recorded in the same patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In a group of 218 patients, with the age range from 17 to 70, the middle third of the buccal surface of 359 devitalized teeth was measured using a clinical spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade Advance). Lightness ($L^*$), chromatic parameters ($a^*$, $b^*$), chroma ($C^*$), hue angle (h) and the closest Vita shade in Classical and 3D Master codifications were recorded. For each patient, the same data were recorded in a vital reference tooth. The measurements were performed by the same operator with the same spectrophotometer, using a standardized protocol for color evaluation. RESULTS. The color coordinates of non-vital teeth varied as follows: lightness $L^*$: 52.83-92.93, $C^*$: 8.23-58.90, h: 51.20-101.53, $a^*$: -2.53-24.80, $b^*$: 8.10-53.43. For the reference vital teeth, the ranges of color parameters were: $L^*$: 60.90-97.16, $C^*$: 8.43-39.23, h: 75.30-101.13, $a^*$: -2.36-9.60, $b^*$: 8.36-39.23. The color differences between vital and non-vital teeth depended on tooth group, but not on patient age. CONCLUSION. Non-vital teeth had a wider color space than vital ones. Non-vital teeth were darker (decreased lightness), more saturated (increased chroma), and with an increased range of the hue interval. An increased tendency towards positive values on the $a^*$ and $b^*$ axes suggested redder and yellower non-vital teeth compared to vital ones.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.296-304
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polishing and glazing on the color and spectral distribution of monolithic zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty-five monolithic zirconia specimens ($16.3mm{\times}16.4mm{\times}2.0mm$) were fabricated and divided into 5 groups according to the number of A2-coloring liquid applications (Group I to V). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the method of surface treatments (n=3): N: no treatment; P: polishing; G: glazing. Color and spectral distribution of five different areas of each specimen were measured according to CIELAB color space in the reflectance mode relative to the standard illuminant D65 on a reflection spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. There was a significant difference in CIE $L^*$ between Subgroup N and P, and in CIE $b^*$ between Subgroup P and G in each group. Spectral reflectance generally decreased in Subgroup P and G in comparison with Subgroup N. Color differences between Subgroup P and G were within the perceptibility threshold (${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ < 3.7) in most groups. Highly significant correlation was found between CIE $b^*$ and each subgroups as the number of coloring liquid applications increased ($R^2$ >0.88, P<.001). CONCLUSION. A perceptible color difference can be detected after polishing of monolithic zirconia. Polishing decreases the lightness, and glazing also decreases the lightness, but increases the yellowness of monolithic zirconia.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.259-264
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the color stability of provisional restorative materials fabricated by 3D printing, dental milling, and conventional materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For the experimental groups, two commercially available 3D-printing provisional resins (E-Dent 100; EnvisionTEC GmbH, Germany & VeroGlaze™; Stratasys^®, USA), two dental milling blocks (PMMA Disk; Yamahachi Dental Co., Japan & Telio^®CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein), and two conventional materials (Alike™; GC Co., Japan & Luxatemp automix plus; DMG, Germany) were used. The water sorption and solubility test were (n=10, respectively) carried out according to ISO4049:2000 (International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland). For the color stability test (n=10), coffee and black tea were used as staining solutions, and the specimens were stored for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD using SPSS version 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) (P<.05). RESULTS. Alike and Veroglaze showed the highest values and Luxatemp showed the lowest water sorption. In the color stability test, the ΔE of conventional materials varied depending on the staining solution. PMMA milling blocks showed a relatively low ΔE up to 4 weeks, and then significantly increased after 8 weeks (P<.05). 3D-printed materials exhibited a high ΔE or a significant increase over time (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The degree of discoloration increased with time, and a visually perceptible color difference value (ΔE) was shown regardless of the materials and solutions. PMMA milled and 3D-printed materials showed more rapid change in discoloration after 8 weeks.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develope new dental color-space system. Twelve kinds of dental composites and one kind of dental porcelain were used in this study. Disk samples (15 mm in diameter, 4 mm in thickness) of used materials were made and sample's CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ value was measured by Spectrocolorimeter (MiniScan XE plus, Model 4000S, diffuse/$8^{\circ}$ viewing mode, 14.3 mm Port diameters, Hunter Lab USA) The range of measured color distribution was analyzed. All the data were applied in the form of T### which is expression unit in CNU Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of $L^*$ lies between 80.40 and 52.70. The value of $a^*$ are between 10.60 and 3.60 and $b^*$ are between 28.40 and 2.21. The average value of $L^*$ is 67.40, and median value is 67.30. The value of $a^*$ are 2.89 and 2.91 respectively. And for the $b^*$, 14.30 and 13.90 were obtained. The data were converted to T### that is the unit count system in CNU-Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of $L^*$ is converted in the first digit of the numbering system. Each unit is 2.0 measured values. The second digit is the value of $a^*$ and is converted new number by 1.0 measured value. For the third digit $b^*$ is replaced and it is 2.0 measured unit apart. T555 was set to the value of $L^*$ ranging from 66.0 to 68.0, value of $a^*$ ranging from 3 to 4 and $b^*$ value ranging from 14 to 16.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.11
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substrate color and interface distance on the color adjustment of 2 single-shade composites, Vittra APS Unique and Charisma Diamond One. Materials and Methods: Dual disc-shaped specimens were created using Vittra APS Unique or Charisma Diamond One as the center composite, surrounded by shaded composites (A1 or A3). Color measurements were taken with a spectrophotometer against a gray background, recording the color coordinates in the CIELAB color space. Illumination with a light-correcting device and image acquisition using a polarizing filter-equipped cell phone were performed on specimens over the same background. Image processing software was used to measure the color coordinates in the center and periphery of the inner composite and in the outer composite. The color data were then converted to CIELAB coordinates and adjusted using data from the spectrophotometer. Color differences (ΔE₀₀) between the center/periphery of single-shade and outer composites were calculated, along with color changes in single-shade composites caused by different outer composites. Color differences for the inner composites surrounded by A1 and A3 were also calculated. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Results: The results showed that color discrepancies were lowest near the interface and when the outer composite was whiter (A1). Additionally, Charisma Diamond One exhibited better color adjustment ability than Vittra APS Unique. Conclusions: Color discrepancies between the investigated single-shade composites diminished towards the interface with the surrounding composite, particularly when the latter exhibited a lighter shade.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical acceptability of all-ceramic crowns fabricated by the digital veneering method vis-$\grave{a}$-vis the traditional method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Zirconia specimens manufactures by two different manufacturing method, conventional vs digital veneering, with three different thickness (0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm) were prepared for analysis. Color measurement was performed using a spectrophotometer for the prepared specimens. The differences in shade in relation to the build-up method were calculated by quantifying ${\Delta}E^*$ (mean color difference), with the use of color difference equations representing the distance from the measured values $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$, to the three-dimensional space of two colors. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with a Tukey multiple-range test was used to analyze the data (${\alpha}$=0.05). RESULTS. In comparing means and standard deviations of $L^*$, $a^*$*, and $b^*$ color values there was no significant difference by the manufacturing method and zirconia core thickness according to a two-way ANOVA. The color differences between two manufacturing methods were in a clinically acceptable range less than or equal to 3.7 in all the specimens. CONCLUSION. Based on the results of this study, a carefully consideration is necessary while selecting upper porcelain materials, even if it is performed on a small scale. However, because the color reproducibility of the digital veneering system was within the clinically acceptable range when comparing with conventional layering system, it was possible to estimate the possibility of successful aesthetic prostheses in the latest technology.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.409-414
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• 2015

Light-emitting diodes (LED) have many advantages for dental astral lighting because of their high color rendering index (CRI), low power consumption, light weight and longer life. A dental astral lamp is specially designed and simulated for securing the extra space for installing a multimedia display that will be helpful for treating young patients. The optical system using the reverse dual reflection method consisted of four illumination modules disposed at the four corners of the dental astral lamp, and each module comprises a high power LED, an elliptical mirror, and a multifacet reflector assembly using eight cylindrical mirrors. It is shown that the required illuminance, illumination pattern, and the illumination uniformity are well satisfied.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 2015

An image-space telecentric lens for an intra-oral 3D scanner was designed and fabricated for dental application. Since a telecentric function can provide the same results regardless of image plane position, it helps to realize a more accurate image for an intra-oral scanner. The performance of the designed lens meets the required properties for HD resolution. In particular, lateral color is corrected within 1 pixel. This system achieves depth of focus of more than 3 mm. For user convenience, the developed system consists of a prism part and an imaging part. Both parts are optimized to reduce the front size and weight of the system. In order to make the parallax sights, parallax angle was determined to be 8 degrees between two optical systems.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.139-148
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• 2016

Chronic patients and staffs in healthcare facilities cannot avoid long-term stays indoors. Therefore, they need to get adequate amounts of sunlight to prevent diseases caused by vitamin D deficiency. This is a case study on the advanced daylighting systems installed to healthcare facilities for therapeutic environments as serving natural light therapy and a pleasant atmosphere. This paper shows daylighting devices that overcome the structural limits of architectural design solutions for inducing natural light. This study presents appropriate daylighting technologies to the purpose and types of healthcare facilities by analyzing therapeutic environmental factors. Natural light delivered through daylighting devices help directly patients recover. In addition, it can improve healthcare providers' performance and productivity, and reduce their errors, thereby creating therapeutic environments for patients, indirectly. Excellent color rendering of solar illumination is also a powerful tool for navigation and wayfinding in the buildings, and for aesthetic treatment in dental office. Furthermore, daylighting systems are streamlined and require the least material and space to attract sunlight up to the deeper inside. But because of expensive cost, they have not yet been widespread. Though daylighting devices are typically more expensive than artificial illuminations to install, the running cost savings can compensate for the initial installation cost. With the development of technology in the future, the market price of them is expected to be formed properly.