• 한국인구학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국인구학회 2006년도 후기학술대회 및 정기총회
• /
• pp.59-87
• /
• 2006

본 연구의 주된 목적은 IMF 외환위기를 계기로 하여 사회경제적 차별출산의 양상이 어떻게 변화하였는가를 파악하는 것이다. 이 연구에서는 2003년 전국출산력조사 자료를 활용하여 20-49세 기혼 여자의 총출생아수와 1998년 이후의 출생아수에 대한 비교분석이 이루어 졌다. 또한, 분석대상을 1997년 이전에 결혼하였거나 재혼한 부인들과 1997년 이후 처음 결혼한 부인들의 두 집단으로 구분하여 출산력 수준과 출산행태를 비교함으로써 IMF 외환위기 이전과 이후의 변화양상을 파악하고자 시도하였다. 총 출생아수에 대한 분석 결과, 부부의 교육수준, 직업, 종사상 지위 등의 사회경제적인 조건과 출산수준은 대체로 뒤집어진 J 자형의 관계를 유지하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 즉 사회경제적 지위가 가장 높은 집단은 바로 밑의 집단보다 출산수준이 상대적으로 높았다. 그런데, 최근의 출산수준은 이러한 사회경제적 차별출산과는 뚜렷하게 대조적인 양상을 나타냈다. IMF 외환위기 이후 출산수준 감소의 폭은 기존의 출산수준과 정비례하는 방식으로 이루어졌다. 출산수준이 높은 집단일수록 급속한 출산력 저하가 이루어졌으며, 출산수준이 낮은 집단에서는 상대적으로 변화가 완만하였다. 그 결과, 최근의 출산수준은 중상층에 해당하는 사회경제적 지위를 지닌 집단이 가장 높고 다음이 최상위 집단, 그리고 하위 집단의 순으로 바뀌었다. 이러한 경향은 부부의 교육수준, 직업, 종사상 지위, 주관적 계층에 따른 최근 출산력의 변화양상에서 일관적으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권9호
• /
• pp.4109-4115
• /
• 2014

Background: Accurate assessment of disease progression requires proper understanding of natural disease process which is often hidden and unobservable. For this purpose, disease status should be clearly detected. But in most diseases it is not possible to detect such status. This study, therefore, aims to present a model which both investigates the unobservable disease process and considers the error probability in diagnosis of disease states. Materials and Methods: Data from 330 patients with gastric cancer undergoing surgery at the Iran Cancer Institute from 1995 to 1999 were analyzed. Moreover, to estimate and assess the effect of demographic, diagnostic and clinical factors as well as medical and post-surgical variables on transition rates and the probability of misdiagnosis of relapse, a hidden Markov multi-state model was employed. Results: Classification errors of patients in alive state without a relapse ($e_{21}$) and with a relapse ($e_{12}$) were 0.22 (95% CI: 0.04-0.63) and 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00-0.09), respectively. Only variables of age and number of renewed treatments affected misdiagnosis of relapse. In addition, patient age and distant metastasis were among factors affecting the occurrence of relapse (state1${\rightarrow}$state2) while the number of renewed treatments and the type and extent of surgery had a significant effect on death hazard without relapse (state2${\rightarrow}$state3)and death hazard with relapse (state2${\rightarrow}$state3). Conclusions: A hidden Markov multi-state model provides the possibility of estimating classification error between different states of disease. Moreover, based on this model, factors affecting the probability of this error can be identified and researchers can be helped with understanding the mechanisms of classification error.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.251-261
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to predict the 10-year impacts of the introduction of pictorial warning labels (PWLs) on cigarette packaging in 2016 in Korea for adults using DYNAMO-HIA. Methods: In total, four scenarios were constructed to better understand the potential health impacts of PWLs: two for PWLs and the other two for a hypothetical cigarette tax increase. In both policies, an optimistic and a conservative scenario were constructed. The reference scenario assumed the 2015 smoking rate would remain the same. Demographic data and epidemiological data were obtained from various sources. Differences in the predicted smoking prevalence and prevalence, incidence, and mortality from diseases were compared between the reference scenario and the four policy scenarios. Results: It was predicted that the optimistic PWLs scenario (PWO) would lower the smoking rate by 4.79% in males and 0.66% in females compared to the reference scenario in 2017. However, the impact on the reduction of the smoking rate was expected to diminish over time. PWO will prevent 85 238 cases of diabetes, 67 948 of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 31 526 of ischemic heart disease, 21 036 of lung cancer, and 3972 prevalent cases of oral cancer in total over the 10-year span due to the reductions in smoking prevalence. The impacts of PWO are expected to be between the impact of the optimistic and the conservative cigarette tax increase scenarios. The results were sensitive to the transition probability of smoking status. Conclusions: The introduction of PWLs in 2016 in Korea is expected reduce smoking prevalence and disease cases for the next 10 years, but regular replacements of PWLs are needed for persistent impacts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.839-843
• /
• 2016

Background: Prostate cancer is second most common cancer in men overall in the world, whereas it is the third most common cancer in men and the sixth most common cancer in Iran. Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of prostate cancer in Iran. Since ethnicity of Iranian men is different from Asian people and given the epidemiologic and demographic transition taking place in Iran, this study aimed to investigate trends of incidence and morphology of prostate cancer during 2003 - 2008 in the country. Materials and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively reviewing all new prostate cancer patients in the Cancer Registry Center of the Health Deputy for Iran during a 6-year period. Also carcinoma, NOS and adenocarcinoma, NOS morphology were surveyed. Trends analysis of incidence and morphology was by joinpoint regression. Results: During the six years a total of 16,071 cases of prostate cancer were recorded in Iran. Most were adenocarcinomas at 95.2 percent. Trend analysis of incidence (ASR) There was a significant increase incidence, with annual percentage change (APC) of 17.3% and for morphology change percentage trends there was a significant decrease in adenocarcinoma with an APC of -1.24%. Conclusions: Prostate cancer is a disease of older men and the incidence is increasing in Iran. The most common morphology is adenocarcinoma this appears to be decreasing over time. Due to the changing lifestyles and the aging of the population, epidemiological studies and planning assessment of the etiology of prostate cancer and its early detection are essential.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.257-272
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 사회복지전담공무원 스스로가 인식하는 공공복지서비스 질 수준을 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 차이를 분석하여 더 나은 복지서비스 제공을 위한 대안을 모색하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 사회복지전담공무원 401명을 대상으로 복지서비스 질 5개 구성요소인 유형성(Tangibles), 신뢰성(Reliability), 대응성(Responsiveness), 공감성(Empathy), 보증성(Assurances)의 각 항목을 분석하였다. 분석결과 공공복지서비스 질의 수준을 인식하는데 있어서 연령에 따라 가장 큰 편차를 보여 주었고 주민과 가까운 일선 현장(시도> 시군구> 읍면동)일수록 복지서비스의 질 수준이 낮아졌다. 또한 신뢰성, 대응성, 공감성에 대해 다소 낮은 인식수준을 나타냈다. 사회복지전담공무원은 주민중심의 가치 지향적이고, 실천적인 복지현장의 사회복지사이자 공무원이다. 본 연구는 이들의 인식수준을 통하여 공공복지의 변화방향과 근본적인 전달체계의 방향성을 제시하여 주었다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.52-56
• /
• 2013

Background Measuring grip and pinch strength is an important part of hand injury evaluation. Currently, there are no standardized values of normal grip and pinch strength among the Korean population, and lack of such data prevents objective evaluation of post-surgical recovery in strength. This study was designed to establish the normal values of grip and pinch strength among the healthy Korean population and to identify any dependent variables affecting grip and pinch strength. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out. The inclusion criterion was being a healthy Korean person without a previous history of hand trauma. The grip strength was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. Pulp and key pinch strength were measured with a hydraulic pinch gauge. Intra-individual and inter-individual variations in these variables were analyzed in a standardized statistical manner. Results There were a total of 336 healthy participants between 13 and 77 years of age. As would be expected in any given population, the mean grip and pinch strength was greater in the right hand than the left. Male participants (137) showed mean strengths greater than female participants (199) when adjusted for age. Among the male participants, anthropometric variables correlated positively with grip strength, but no such correlations were identifiable in female participants in a statistically significant way. Conclusions Objective measurements of hand strength are an important component of hand injury evaluation, and population-specific normative data are essential for clinical and research purposes. This study reports updated normative hand strengths of the South Korean population in the 21st century.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.305-321
• /
• 2019

국제결혼 및 이민으로 인한 급격한 인구학적 변화로 우리나라는 다문화 사회로 이미 이행되고 있으며 이에 따라 다문화 학생을 위한 교육적 관심의 필요성이 야기되었다. 특히, 모국어가 타언어이면서 한국어로 학습하는 한국어학습자(Korean Language Learners)를 위한 교과학습 지원의 필요성이 절실한 상황이다. 본 연구는 영어학습자(English Language Learners)를 위해 미국에서 개발된 SIOP 모델 중 우리나라의 교실 상황에 적합한 전략을 선택하고 이를 한국어학습자에게 적용하여 수학적 의사소통의 특징과 수학적 오류의 변화 가능성에 대해 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 구체적으로 5학년 2학기 합동과 대칭 단원의 7차시에 걸쳐 SIOP 모델을 적용한 후에 나타나는 한국어학습자의 수학적 의사소통 양상과 수학적 오류를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국어학습자의 특성을 파악하고 향후 교과 학습에 대한 방향성을 설정하는 데 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국인구학
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.3-42
• /
• 1983

The purposes of this paper is to introduce a technique for construction of nuptiality tables using proportion single of synthetic cohorts between times at two consecutive censuses, and to observe patterns of change in marriage habit of Korean through the nuptiality tables for single population from 1925 to 1980. In this paper abridged gross and net nuptiality tables for single population of Korea have been constructed for the four quinquinial period: 1925-1930, 1955-1960, 1970-1975, and 1975-1980. Significant time trend has been observed in the nuptiality rates among the single population. The major findings observed in each table are as follows; (1)During 1925-1930, the rates are initially small, but increase rapidly until they reach a maximum at ages 25-29 for bachelors and 20-24 for spinsters, following which they are still in high level. (2)During 1955-1960, the age pattern of nuptiality begins to change; for female population, the rates increase rapidly in the same pattern as in l925-l930 untill they reach the highest level at ages 25-29, after which they gradually decline. During the period, however, there were an unprecedented high level of marriage rates for male population at a relatively later ages. (3)During 1970-1975, Korea had experienced a transition in marriage habits; at this times, nuptiality rates for both sexes showed the same pyramid shaped patterns as in western countries as age increases. The mean ages at marriage for both sexes also reached the highest level of 27.5 years for males and 24.1 years for females. (4)During 1975-1980, the age patterns of nuptiality showed almost the same patterns as in 1970-1975. In the later age group, however, age-specific marriage rates for both sexes greatly declined compared to the level of 1970-1975, while the rate in age group of 20-24 for male population greatly increased.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.173-194
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between time-income availability and health-promoting behavior (physical practice, smoking, alcohol consumption) of older males (55-69). This study attempted to shed light on health-behavior changes during the transition period of male retirement. The availability of time resources was examined by addressing the amount of weekly paid labor hours. The availability of financial resources was calculated by using the debt-income ratio. The study sample comprised 1,372 (age range 55-69) male respondents of the 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006 KLOSA wave 1). The results of CHAID (CHi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) analysis uncovered four distinctive combinations of resource types: time-money poor, time rich, money rich, time-money rich. According to logit results, these four groups had different socio-demographic profiles and different health-behavior risks. The time-money poor males were unlikely to perform physical activities needed to improve their health or to quit smoking or alcohol consumption. This group was also more likely to consume alcohol compared to the time-money resource types. In contrast, the time-money rich group was more likely to exercise longer and more frequently than the reference group (time and money poor). The time-rich types, those who have time-only resources and less money, were likely to be smokers and have problems with alcohol consumption.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2020

Like most OECD countries, Korea is experiencing a decline in population and demographic changes, deterioration of public facilities, and limited investment in public facilities maintenance due to low economic growth and increased welfare budgets. In this case, not only the inconvenience of using the public facilities can lead to the occurrence of an accident due to the damage of the facilities. However, as the importance of the management of public facilities has not been recognized yet, new policies are being promoted. Korea is expected to reduce the total population since the late 2020s, and there will be a large difference in population reduction between the cities, towns, and towns within the same administrative districts. Therefore, it is necessary to change the management policy regarding the change in demand of public facilities due to population change such as population decrease and aging. Accordingly, this study analyzes the management policies and actual conditions of public facilities in Korea, and suggests the implications for public facilities management by analyzing Japan's public facilities management policies that faced population change and deterioration of public facilities before Korea. The key change in Japan's public facilities management policy is the transition from new to maintenance, which has managed public facilities in terms of existing safety management and asset management.