• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.351-362
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• 2019

Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the maturity of dental biofilm, which was assessed with quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital(QLF-D), in a sample of Korean older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 67 participants, aged 65 years and older. All participants completed a questionnaire and tests to measure their manual dexterity and handgrip strength, which are parameters that indicate hand function abilities. To evaluate dental biofilm maturity, 804 surfaces of six index teeth were imaged using QLF-D and then quantified as ${\Delta}R$ values. All data were collected from May 25, 2017 to April 30, 2018. The independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and step-wise multiple linear regression were performed to analyze the factors associated with the maturity of dental biofilm (${\Delta}R$). Results: The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the factor most strongly related to dental biofilm maturity(${\Delta}R$) was manual dexterity (${\beta}=-0.326$), followed by handgrip strength (${\beta}=-0.303$) and use of interdental cleaning devices (${\beta}=-0.283$) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Manual dexterity, handgrip strength, and use of interdental cleaning devices are factors that can predict dental biofilm maturity in adults aged 65 years or older. Therefore, the hand function of a patient should be evaluated first, before assessing the oral hygiene status of the patient or providing him/her with oral health education, and the dental hygienist should provide differentiated oral hygiene care depending on the patient's hand function ability. Finally, dental hygienists should help older adults to recognize the importance of auxiliary oral hygiene devices such as interdental brushes and keep motivating them to use the devices more frequently.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.241-252
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• 1998

In this paper we try to construct the Green's function and investigate some properties of the Green's function. Also we discuss the variation $\delta$G($\chi$,t) of the Green's function G($\chi$,t) when the interval is varied.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

The viscoelastic properties of blends of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) for engineered flooring used on the Korean traditional ONDOL house floor heating system were investigated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Because MF resin is a thermosetting adhesive, the effect of MF rein was shown across all thermal behaviors. The addition of PVAc reduced the curing temperature. The DMTA thermogram of MF resin showed that the storage modulus (E') increased as the temperature was further increased as a result of the cross-linking induced by the curing reaction of the resin. The storage modulus (E') of MF resin increased both as a function of increasing temperature and with increasing heating rate. From isothermal DMTA results, peak $T_{tan{\delta}}$ values, maximum value of loss modulus (E") and the rigidities (${\Delta}E$) of MF/PVAc blends at room temperature as a function of open time, peak $T_{tan{\delta}}$ and maximum loss modulus (E") values were found to increase with blend MF content. Moreover, the rigidities of the 70:30 and 50:50 MF/PVAc blends were higher than those of the other blends, especially of 100% PVAc or MF. We concluded that blends the MF/PVAc blend ratios correlate during the adhesion process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 1999

Let Mf(x) be the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function on $\mathbb{R}^n$. Let $\Phi$ and $\Psi$ be functions satisfying $\Phi$(t) = ${\int^t}_0$a(s)ds and $\Psi(t)$ = ${\int^t}_0$b(s)ds, where a(s) and b(s) are positive continuous such that ${\int^\infty}_0\frac{a(s)}{s}ds$ = $\infty$ and b(s) is quasi-increasing. We show that if there exists a constant $c_1$ so that ${\int^s}_0\frac{a(t)}{t}dt\;c_1b(c_1s)$ for all $s\geq0$, then there exists a constant $c_1$ such that(0.1) $\int_{\mathbb{R^{n}}$ $\Phi(Mf(x))dx\;\leq\;c_2$ $\int_\mathbb{R^{n}}$$\Psi(c_2\midf(x)\mid)dx$ for all $f\epsilonL^1(R^n_$. Conversely, if there exists a constant $c_2$ satisfying the condition (0.1), then there exists a constant $c_1$ so that ${\int^s}_\delta\frac{a(t)}{t}dt=;\leq\;c_1b(c_1s$ for all $\delta$ > 0 and $s\geq\delta$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.436-442
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• 1988

The $^1H-nmr$ lineshapes of $H_2O$ in the solution containing $Al^{3+}$ ion have been measured as a function of temperature and $H^+$-ion concentration. Above [$H^+$] = 0.06, the lineshape were analyzed by the uncoupled two-site exchange model. From the proton exchange rate between hexaaquaaluminium ion and bulk water as a function of H-ion concentration. These kinetic data could be fitted to a following linear rate law; that is; 1/${\tau}$ = k$_1$/12 + $k_2$[$H^+$]/6. The following proton exchange parameters were obtained; $k_1^{298}$ = 38.5s$^{-1}$ ${\{Delta}H_1^{\neq}$ = $42.9kJ mole^{-1}$ ${\{Delta}S_1^{\neq}$ = -48.6J $mole^{-1}K^{-1}$ $k_2^{298}$ = $172s^{-1}mole^{-1}$ ${\{Delta}H_2^{\neq}$ = 27.8kJ $mole^{-1}$ ${\{Delta}S_2^{\neq}$ = -90.3J $mole^{-1}K^{-1}$ These activation parameters are indicating an associative interchange, Ia, mechanism for the acid-hydrolysis of hexaaquaaluminium ion and the proton exchange between the hydration spheres of $Al^{3+}$ and $H^+$.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.285-304
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• 2016

The effects of large rotations and p-delta on the dynamic response of a structure subjected to seismic loading and local uplift of its foundation were analyzed in this work. The structure was modeled by an equivalent flexible mat mounted on a rigid foundation that is supported either by a Winkler soil type or a rigid soil. The equations of motion of the system were derived by taking into account the equilibrium of the coupled foundation-mat system where the structure was idealized as a single-degree-of-freedom. The obtained nonlinear coupled system of ordinary differential equations was integrated by using an adequate numerical scheme. A parametric study was performed then in order to evaluate the maximum response of the system as function of the intensity of the earthquake, the slenderness of the structure, the ratio of the mass of the foundation to the mass of the structure. Three cases were considered: (i) local uplift of foundation under large rotation with the p-delta effect, (ii) local uplift of foundation under large rotation without including the p-delta effect, (iii) local uplift of foundation under small rotation. It was found that, in the considered ranges of parameters and for moderate earthquakes, assuming small rotation of foundation under seismic loading can yield more adverse structural response, while the p-delta effect has almost no effect.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• summer
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• pp.199-203
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• 2004

In this paper, we only describe the digital block of two-channel 18-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converter employing sigma-delta method and xl28 decimation. The device contains two fourth comb filters with 1-bit input from sigma­delta modulator. each followed by a digital half band FIR(Finite Impulse Response) filters. The external analog sigma-delta modulators are sampled at 6.144MHz and the digital words are output at 48kHz. The fourth-order comb filter has designed 3 types of ways for optimal power consumption and signal-to-noise ratio. The following 3 digital filters are designed with 12tap, 22tap and 116tap to meet the specification. These filters eliminate images of the base band audio signal that exist at multiples of the input sample rate. We also designed these filters with 8bit and 16bit filter coefficient to analysis signal-to-noise ratio and hardware complexity. It also included digital output interface block for I2S serial data protocol, test circuit and internal input vector generator. It is fabricated with 0.35um HYNIX standard CMOS cell library with 3.3V supply voltage and the chip size is 2000um by 2000um. The function and the performance have been verified using Verilog XL logic simulator and Matlab tool.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.10
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• pp.824-831
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• 2013

The delta driven GMSK is a modulation scheme to generate the gaussian pulse by the bipolar delta signal and to modulate the phase function with the differential gaussian pulse between $+T_b/2$ and $-T_b/2$. The demodulation of delta driven GMSK differs from conventional GMSK schemes. This paper proposed a demodulation with the differential phase detector at the end of each bit interval. A designed detector then finds the one of the possible region by hard decision, in which the phase difference lies. Finally the binary data can be recovered by state transition process. Through the BER simulation for AWGN channel, it was found that the proposed demodulation effected by the run length of binary data. The simulated BER degradation of about 2[dB] was analyzed, as compared to the theoretical coherent demodulation with $BT_b$=0.3.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2002

Let A(p, k) (p, k$\in$N) be the class of functions f(z) = $z^{p}$ + $a_{p+k}$ $z^{p+k}$+… analytic in the unit disk. We introduce a subclass H(p, k, λ, $\delta$, A, B) of A(p, k) by using the Ruscheweyh derivative. The object of the present paper is to show some properties of functions in the class H(p, k, λ, $\delta$, A, B). B).

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.437-446
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• 1997

In this paper, the Hyers-Ulam stability and the general Hyers-Ulam stability (more precisely, modified Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability) of the gamma functional equation (3) in the following setings $$ \left$\mid$ f(x + 1) - xf(x) \right$\mid$ \leq \delta and \left$\mid$ \frac{xf(x)}{f(x + 1)} - 1 \right$\mid$ \leq \frac{x^{1+\varepsilon}{\delta} $$ shall be proved.