• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.372-386
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to find factor which influence on the selection criteria of food supplier. Questionnaire were distributed to 52 general hospitals with more than 400 beds located in Seoul and Kyongin province, and responded questionnaires were collected from 44 dietetic departments (84.6%) and 18 purchasing departments (34.6%). The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) supplier selection criteria include quality, service, cost and supplier competency. (2) With having been met with tight competition and market opening, hospitals plan a strategy to improve quality, service and they tend to have more interest in various supplier selection criteria. (3) Purchasing departments estimate more highly the rate of reflection in considering supplier selection criteria than the rate of importance about cost criteria, which reveals that purchasing departments sensitively respond to cost cutdown. (4) When selecting suppliers, a significant(p<.01) influence of stability of supplier industry environment on the selecting criteria such as the importances of quality, service, and supplier quality are recognized only after recognizing the stability of food delivery industry. Food supplier industry secures stability more quickly through major companies' participation in food distribution industry and this will reveal the importance of supplier selection criteria. (5) Suppliers which are selected by the quality criteria, service criteria, supplier quality criteria make efforts to communicate with foodservice departments, to give more proper information about substitute food, new product, and to make commitments, while suppliers which are decided by cost criteria do not establish supportive relationships with foodservice departments.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.595-602
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• 2009

Great number of ships has been built by Korean Shipyards since early of 2,000 due to the expanding worldwide trade. Most of shipyards have enlarged the weight of erection block and many blocks have been assembled in block fabrication factories outside the shipyards to reduce the shipbuilding period. Especially, Giga blocks that exceed 2,000 tons are often assembled by the block fabrication factories outside the shipyard. Generally, the blocks are transported to building dock in shipyard by towing barges. Accident can be occurred during the sea transportation and it may bring about not only the delay of delivery but also a disaster on the ocean environments. Transportation condition of GPE (Grand Pre-Erection) block differs from the ocean going conditions of marine vessels. Special consideration should be included before transportation work in order to guarantee the safety of GPE blocks and barge carriers. In this paper, several examples, which have been investigated to set up the safety standard of transportation of the GPE blocks on coastal routes, are introduced. For the barge transportation on coastal sea route, the design criteria are discussed, considering the design wave, the acceleration induced by wave, structural strength, and the fixture condition of blocks.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.354-360
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• 2019

Ginsenosides, the major active ingredients of ginseng and other plants of the genus Panax, have been used as natural medicines in the East for a long time; in addition, their popularity in the West has increased owing to their various beneficial pharmacological effects. There is therefore a wealth of literature regarding the pharmacological effects of ginsenosides. In contrast, there are few comprehensive studies that investigate their pharmacokinetic behaviors. This is because ginseng contains the complicated mixture of herbal materials as well as thousands of constituents with complex chemical properties, and ginsenosides undergo multiple biotransformation processes after administration. This is a significant issue as pharmacokinetic studies provide crucial data regarding the efficacy and safety of compounds. Moreover, there have been many difficulties in the development of the optimal dosage regimens of ginsenosides and the evaluation of their interactions with other drugs. Therefore, this review details the pharmacokinetic properties and profiles of ginsenosides determined in various animal models administered through different routes of administration. Such information is valuable for designing specialized delivery systems and determining optimal dosing strategies for ginsenosides.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1228-1237
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• 2023

The CRISPR-Cas system has emerged as the most efficient genome editing technique for a wide range of cells. Delivery of the Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex (Cas9 RNP) has gained popularity. The objective of this study was to develop a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based assay to quantify the double-strand break reaction mediated by Cas9 RNP. To accomplish this, the dextransucrase gene (dsr) from Leuconostoc citreum was selected as the target DNA. The Cas9 protein was produced using recombinant Escherichia coli BL21, and two sgRNAs were synthesized through in vitro transcription to facilitate binding with the dsr gene. Under optimized in vitro conditions, the 2.6 kb dsr DNA was specifically cleaved into 1.1 and 1.5 kb fragments by both Cas9-sgRNA365 and Cas9-sgRNA433. By monitoring changes in dsr concentration using qPCR, the endonuclease activities of the two Cas9 RNPs were measured, and their efficiencies were compared. Specifically, the specific activities of dsr365RNP and dsr433RNP were 28.74 and 34.48 (unit/㎍ RNP), respectively. The versatility of this method was also verified using different target genes, uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (upp) gene, of Bifidobacterium bifidum and specific sgRNAs. The assay method was also utilized to determine the impact of high electrical field on Cas9 RNP activity during an efficient electroporation process. Overall, the results demonstrated that the qPCR-based method is an effective tool for measuring the endonuclease activity of Cas9 RNP.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 2023

The mold industry in Japan, an advanced country in the mold industry, is also at a point of great change. The main causes are the Ukraine crisis and the collapse of the global supply chain (parts supply chain) caused by COVID-19. In addition, the prices of overseas products are rising sharply due to rapid exchange rate fluctuations (decrease in the value of the yen). Until now, Japan's monotsukuri industry has been actively pursuing overseas expansion, riding the trend of globalization. However, the trend began to rapidly reverse, and now the monotsukuri industry that had expanded overseas is showing a tendency to return to Japan. Another factor of change is the change in the automobile industry, which is the most demanded product in the mold industry. As the automobile industry evolves from gasoline cars to electric cars, the number of parts that make up a car will drastically decrease. This trend is expected to increase the demand for small-scale production of a variety of products in the mold industry, and furthermore, it is expected that short delivery times will be required in parts development. As in Korea, the production population working in the mold industry is rapidly decreasing in Japan as well. Even if you add up the total population working in manufacturing in Japan, it only accounts for about 15%. Even in Japan, it is judged that it will be difficult to sustain the monotsukuri industry with this small production population. Therefore, since improvement in production efficiency cannot be expected with the same manual dexterity as before, the mold industry is also demanding the development of mold technology at a different level than before to increase productivity. In this paper, I would like to introduce new Japanese mold technology collected through attending the Intermold exhibition. This is an example of applying a dedicated pin (Gastos) to a mold to prevent an increase in internal pressure during plastic injection molding, and a deep drawing press molding technology with an inherent hydraulic function.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2018

In the DBB delivery system, the design stage and the construction stage are separated. Because of this, design changes frequently occur, and problems such as construction cost overrun, schedule delay, and quality deterioration happen as well. Recently, in the construction industry CM at Risk(CM@R) delivery system, which can systematically solve the above-mentioned problems of DBB delivery system, meet various demands of clients, and overcome the limited cost and period. In the CM@R delivery system, the contractor negotiates for a maximum guaranteed price(GMP) with the client at the design stage, and the CM performer carries out the construction within the GMP. However, uncertainties are inherent in the GMP calculation because the calculation is based on unfinished drawings and documents. In this study, a Probabilistic Earlier GMP Calculation Method by combining a probabilistic tool of Monte Carlo simulation with a case based reasoning is proposed so that the uncertainty in GMP calculation is reflected. After the earlier GMP is calculated, a process to calculate the $2^{nd}$ GMP at the time of around 80 % of detailed deign and to negotiate with the client to fix the final GMP is proposed. The Probabilistic Earlier GMP Calculation Method is verified through the case study. In this study, researchers set the range of GMP through the proposed probabilistic GMP calculation and tried to reduce the risk through negotiation between the client and the CM performer. The proposed method and process would contribute to the successful introduction of CM@R in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2013

Salmonella is closely related with human health of modern society which has concern increased in livestock goods consumption as well as give economic damage throughout the chicken industry such as farm, hatchery, slaughter house and processing plant. From 2007 to 2011, this study investigated Salmonella prevalence from 200 old hen delivery trucks which deliver old egg-laying hens and broiler breeders in Korea. The prevalence of Salmonella species was 38.0% in old hen delivery truck. Serogroup C1 was the most frequently detected serogroup of Salmonella, followed by the serogroups D1, C2 and B. A total of 25 serotypes were identified and Salmonella infantis was the most frequently isolated serotype. In addition, we applied disinfectant to old hen delivery truck for the reduction of Salmonella contamination. The disinfectant consists of formaldehyde, glutaladehyde and quaternary ammonium compound was applied to the trucks. Salmonella isolation rate was significantly decreased after disinfection from 38.0% to 7.5%. Disinfectant could not effectively reduce Salmonella contamination at a dilution of 1:200 which is recommended by manufacturer, but Salmonella isolation rate was significantly decreased at a dilution of 1:50. Since old hen delivery truck could be a potential vector to carry Salmonella into farms and abattoirs, chicken delivery truck should be disinfected thoroughly and sufficiently to control contamination of farms and abattoirs.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.656-663
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• 2013

This study using yogurt of food in order to increase the conservativeness and stability of lactobacillus, to be deliciously flavored and give it visual differential effect, were described regarding making the preparing method of double matrix capsulation in food industries. Our study group was especially made to soft and moisture cream using 5wt% of sucrose ester emulsifier as first capsulation. Double matrix capsulation was formed with the best stabilized bead type capsules when it blended 1:3 ratio of chitosan and alginate. The bead diameter size was about 2.5~4mm (mean diameter: 3mm). Activity of lactobacillus containing cream for depending on various pH variations showed that alkalinity ($pH=10.3{\pm}0.3$) condition was higher than acidity ($pH=4.3{\pm}0.3$) and neutrality ($pH=7.12{\pm}0.2$) conditions. After a month, it also was certified to the activity of lactobacillus in incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ in culture medium. As application of food industry, we developed the containing lactobacillus capsule and 5 colored kinds of double matrix capsulation in yogurt cream. As for above mentioned those results, one of tool to stabilize the living lactobacillus, doubled matrix capsulation greatly be expected to contribute to food industry. Furthermore, it can be expected to apply the drug delivery system (DDS) to active ingredients of stabilizing technologies at drug and cosmetic industries.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.151-177
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• 2021

Purpose This paper aims to improve management performance by effectively responding to production needs and reducing inventory through synchronizing production planning and procurement in the aviation industry. In this study, the differences in production planning and execution were first analyzed in terms of demand, supply, inventory, and process using the big data collected from a domestic aircraft manufacturers. This paper analyzed the problems in procurement and inventory management using legacy big data from ERP system in the company. Based on the analysis, we performed a simulation to derive an efficient procurement and inventory management plan. Through analysis and simulation of operational data, we were able to discover procurement and inventory policies to effectively respond to production needs. Design/methodology/approach This is an empirical study to analyze the cause of decrease in inventory turnover and increase in inventory cost due to dis-synchronize between production requirements and procurement. The actual operation data, a total of 21,306,611 transaction data which are 18 months data from January 2019 to June 2020, were extracted from the ERP system. All them are such as basic information on materials, material consumption and movement history, inventory/receipt/shipment status, and production orders. To perform data analysis, it went through three steps. At first, we identified the current states and problems of production process to grasp the situation of what happened, and secondly, analyzed the data to identify expected problems through cross-link analysis between transactions, and finally, defined what to do. Many analysis techniques such as correlation analysis, moving average analysis, and linear regression analysis were applied to predict the status of inventory. A simulation was performed to analyze the appropriate inventory level according to the control of fluctuations in the production planing. In the simulation, we tested four alternatives how to coordinate the synchronization between the procurement plan and the production plan. All the alternatives give us more plausible results than actual operation in the past. Findings Based on the big data extracted from the ERP system, the relationship between the level of delivery and the distribution of fluctuations was analyzed in terms of demand, supply, inventory, and process. As a result of analyzing the inventory turnover rate, the root cause of the inventory increase were identified. In addition, based on the data on delivery and receipt performance, it was possible to accurately analyze how much gap occurs between supply and demand, and to figure out how much this affects the inventory level. Moreover, we were able to obtain the more predictable and insightful results through simulation that organizational performance such as inventory cost and lead time can be improved by synchronizing the production planning and purchase procurement with supply and demand information. The results of big data analysis and simulation gave us more insights in production planning, procurement, and inventory management for smart manufacturing and performance improvement.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.348-357
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• 2006

Nano is a unit that designates a billionth; accordingly nanotechnology could be described as the study and applications of the unique characteristics and phenomena of nanometer size materials. Applications of nanotechnology fall into two categories (one is top-down and the other is bottom-up). Currently, most products are the results of the top-down approach. Nanofoods have distinct functional characteristics stemming from the size, mass, chemical combinations, electrolytic features, magnetic properties of food sources at the nano level and which can be applied for safe absorption and delivery into the body. The greatest advantage of nanofood is that it permits the efficient use of small quantities of nutritional elements by increasing digestive absorption ability and by delivering natural elements without any change in their original characteristics. On the other hand, there are still unsolved problems, such as questions about safety and introduction of harmful material. The demand for new commercial food products is increasing, and commercial food producers are gradually combining nanotechnology and traditional food preparation methods. Nanofoods will improve our eating habits remarkably in the future. Tomorrow we will design nanofoods by shaping molecules and atoms. It will have a big impact on the food and food-processing industries. The future belongs to new products and new processes with the goals of customizing and personalizing consumer products. Nanotechnology is expected to be applied to not only foods themselves, but also to food packaging, production, safety, processing and storage. Also, it is believed that nanotechnology will be applied tracking finished products back to production facilities and even to specific processing equipment in those facilities. The aim of this study is the introduction of technology, applications, products, markets, R&D, and perspectives of nanofoods in the food industry.