• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2017

Sandbox game users can double their satisfaction by re-creating a variety of play patterns. This creative process is due to the expansion of play through 'customizing' and 'action autonomy'. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural limitations of freedom of online game. In a standalone game, the scalability due to the degree of freedom gives the user a strong motivation for world persistence. On the other hand, in online sandbox games such as MMORPG, it is confirmed that the goal-oriented tendency to gain advantage is the inherent limit of the freedom and expandability of the sandbox game. In this study, it is suggested that the cause and limit of growth of online-based sandbox game can be offset by the optimal solution factor.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2014

Background: To manage intractable cancer pain, an alternative to systemic analgesics is neuraxial analgesia. In long-term treatment, intrathecal administration could provide a more satisfactory pain relief with lower doses of analgesics and fewer side-effects than that of epidural administration. However, implantable drug delivery systems using intrathecal pumps in Korea are very expensive. Considering cost-effectiveness, we performed epidural analgesia as an alternative to intrathecal analgesia. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the efficacy, side effects, and complications of epidural morphine and local anesthetic administration through epidural catheters connected to a subcutaneous injection port in 29 Korean terminal cancer patients. Patient demographic data, the duration of epidural administration, preoperative numerical pain rating scales (NRS), side effects and complications related to the epidural catheterization and the drugs, and the numerical pain rating scales on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 30th postoperative days were determined from the medical records. Results: The average score for the numerical pain rating scales for the 29 patients decreased from $7{\pm}1.0$ at baseline to $3.6{\pm}1.4$ on postoperative day 1 (P < 0.001). A similar decrease in pain intensity was maintained for 30 days (P < 0.001). Nausea and vomiting were the most frequently reported side effects of the epidural analgesia and two patients (6.9%) experienced paresthesia. Conclusions: Epidural morphine and local anesthetic infusion with a subcutaneous pump seems to have an acceptable risk-benefit ratio and allows a high degree of autonomy to patients with cancer pain.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.171-178
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• 2023

As the risk of privacy invasion due to self-disclosure increases in SNS environment, many studies have tried to discover the influencing factors of self-disclosure. This study is an extension of this research stream and pays attention to the role of interaction privacy controls(friend list and privacy settings) as a new influencing factor. Specifically, the study theorizes and test the logic that the ability to effectively control interactions between individuals using IPC(called IPC usefulness) satisfies the three psychological needs(autonomy, relationship, and competency needs) suggested by the Self-Determination Theory, and in turn increase the amount of self-disclosure. As a result of data analysis, it was found that IPC usefulness has a very strong influence on the satisfaction of psychological needs and is a major factor in increasing the degree of self-disclosure by users. Based on these findings, the study discusses the theoretical and practical implications as well as future research directions.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.63-92
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• 2023

This study analyzes the effect of job crafting behavior on career satisfaction and job satisfaction that allows active participants to perform their jobs in a work environment where autonomy and delegation are emphasized, and how the degree of person-job fit plays a role in the relationship between the three variables. The results of an empirical analysis of 360 employees of domestic companies are as follows. First, job crafting was found to have a positive (+) effect on career satisfaction and job satisfaction, respectively, confirming the importance of job crafting in a situation where the work environment changes rapidly. Second, job crafting was found to have a positive (+) effect on desire-supply fit and ability-demand fit, respectively, which are components of person-job fit. This means that person-job fit can be improved through task, cognitive, and relationship crafting. Third, it was found that desire-supply fit and ability-demand fit had a positive (+) effect on career satisfaction and job satisfaction. This means that the higher the person-job fit the more satisfied the career and job. Finally, desire-supply fit has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between job crafting, career satisfaction, and job satisfaction and ability-demand fit has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between job crafting, job satisfaction. In summarizing the above research results, this study suggested in a changing organizational environment that it is necessary to provide individual active work performance (job crafting) opportunities for career satisfaction and job satisfaction, and that it is important to create an organization's support environment to enhance person-job fit.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.287-308
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a bibliotherapy program on the happiness index of University students. To do this, this study collected its data through two questionnaires and the writings of 14 undergraduate students taking part in the bibliotherapy program. The bibliotherapy program was designed and applied to the course of 'Bibliotherapy' for the spring semester of 2013. The results were as follows: Firstly, we can raise the happiness index through the bibliotherapy program. More specifically, we can raise the level of satisfaction with life to a great extent, and increase positive emotions to some degree. However, reducing negative emotions is difficult. Secondly, we can heal with meditation, prayer, sticking to reality. etc., Thirdly, the bibliotherapist should consider the autonomy of the participant of the bibliotherapy program when he select books.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.63-68
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• 2019

Recently, the United States and China have declared a 25% retaliatory tariff for the partner country products of 50 billion dollar scale. "Trade war" is getting full swing. Such conflicts between economic powers may spread to Japan like the domino phenomenon following the EU (European Union) and become bigger in the global trade war. As a result, Korea has an economic system with a high degree of external dependence, and there is an expert's analysis that it will become the largest victim of the global trade war. If the WTO Dispute Settlement Authority approves this US 301 retaliation measure in the same way as the past case (US-EU hormone-treated beef imports), the United States will not import any Chinese imported products Chinese products) can be imposed. If the US launches a special 301 or super 301, which is stronger than the regular 301, then China is very likely to enforce US retaliation against it, and the trade war between the two countries could become a reality. This phenomenon is likely to have a negative impact on Korean companies. In particular, Korea, which is highly reliant on intermediate goods exports to China, is expected to suffer a great deal of damage. Therefore, Korea needs flexible response at home and abroad, it is necessary to enhance the autonomy of companies and protect export industries. Adjusting corporate tax rate as well as domestic industry height will be one way. The long-term (21 months) trade war between the United States and China has resulted in economic uncertainty. The resulting damage must be compensated. It is necessary to prepare the compensation through the economic council between countries. In the future, the punitive damage compensation system should be introduced.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

Previous studies on educational programming language reported that programming education can help students develop their abilities in cognitive, logical and reflecting thinking for problem solving. In this study, we examined the effects of Scratch programming language education on self-directed learning ability through six-grade elementary school students. The study results are that the treatment group shows more improvement with statistical significance on the subscales of self-directed learning such as openness, internal motivation, and autonomy, than the control group. These effects are especially larger with the students with high ICT literacy, whose degree is higher than that as a result of using digital textbook, UCC, and cyber home education reported in previous studies.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the users' expectation and expectation gap about the attributes of smart speaker as an intelligent agent, ie autonomy, sociality, responsiveness, activeness, time continuity, goal orientation. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted for smart speaker users and analyzed based on ground theory. Result has shown that people have huge expectation gap about the sociality and human-likeness of smart speakers, due to limitations in technology. The responsiveness of smart speakers was found to have positive expectation gap. For the memory of time-sequential information, there was an ambivalent expectation gap depending on the degree of information sensitivity and presentation method. We also found that there was a low expectation level for autonomous aspects of smart speakers. In addition, proactive aspects were preferred only when appropriate for the context. This study presents implications for designing a way to interact with smart speakers and managing expectations.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.123-127
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to improve academic understanding of middle school students' academic problems by examining their impact on Academic Engagement and Academic Burnout, and to provide basic data to them in preparing various solutions. The Multiple Regression analysis was conducted on 388 middle school students to check the degree of influence on Academic Engagement and Academic Burnout, environmental Variables (parent relationship, friend relationship, teacher relationship) and individual Variables (life satisfaction, happiness, Self-Esteem, autonomy, Attention focused, Grit, depression). According to the analysis of 388 middle school students, the factors affecting Academic Engagement were: attention concentration, teacher relationship, persistence, self-respect, life satisfaction, parent relationship, depression and happiness. Second, the factors affecting Academic Burnout were depression, teacher relationships, friend relationships, parent relationships, persistence, self-respect, and attention. Since then, these findings have suggested directions and implications to prevent Academic Burnout, of middle school students in Korea and to them to Academic Engagement.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.19
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• pp.125-153
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• 2002

Because most of feminist researches on the media have been primarily concerned with women's roles and representations in main scream mass media, women's media as alternative media remain remarkably understudied. Thus this study explores women's media in relation to women's movement during the period of US military Government in Korea. There were five women's newspapers which were means of women's movement in this period. However, failing to attract enough appropriate revenues and resort to fund-raising, women's newspapers could nor be published a long time. And women's newspapers as means of women's movement had the defects in women's representations because women's movement lacked a certain degree of autonomy from the male-dominated political activities. In other words, women's newspapers maintained women's participation in political areas, but on the other hand they emphasized the women's role as mother and housewife.