• 과학기술학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.143-174
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• 2010

과학적 불확실성이 존재하는 상황에서 위험에 대응하는 규제 정책의 정당성을 어떻게 확보할 수 있을까? 이런 중요한 물음과 관련해 70년대 이후 유럽을 중심으로 사전주의의 원칙이 하나의 대안으로 부상해왔고 국제 환경법 분야에서는 주요 원리로 인정받아왔다. 하지만 이 원칙은 그 정의의 모호함 때문에 위험분석 옹호자들로부터 다양한 비판을 받아왔다. 이 논문은 이런 여러 비판들의 적실성과 부당함을 함께 평가하면서 사전주의의 원칙의 정교화작업을 시도할 것이다. 그리고 이런 작업을 통해 얻은 결과를 위험 거버넌스 중 과학적 영역으로 흔히 인정받는 위험평가에 적용해봄으로써 이 원칙의 정책적 활용 가능성을 탐색해볼 것이다. 특히, 사전주의의 원칙은 단지 도덕적 태도이거나 정치적 입장일 뿐이라는 일부 시각을 반박하면서 이 원칙이 실제 과학적 활동 속에서 충분히 적용가능한 실제적 원리임을 강조할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.225-239
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• 2000

This study is a research of conceptual development to find the factors of presence. The concept and the definition of presence received from literary review. On the basis of these findings, we formulate the contents of presence through structured interview guide composed of open-ended questionnaire which included the frequency, attitude, and posture. We selected 104 samples who are the patients, doctors, nurses, and other health providers. And then the contents of presence were established after integrating the formulated contents and putting them in order. The categorizing of the presence was made after discussing with specialist in this field. By using the selected contents, we made 25 statements of presence which were categorized into three factors. The results were as follows: 1. The definition of presence is being with at the same time and space, making attention with openness, and the therapeutic interaction with empathy. 2. The contents of presence through personal interviews are The time required is 5 minutes(46.15%), 2-3 minutes(34.61%), and 10 minutes (15.38%) respectively. The frequency of visiting is 3 times(39.20%), every time(23.07%), and more than 5 times(20.19%) respectively. \circled2 In case of being with nurse is having pain(39.42%), suffering trouble or severe fear(9.61%), feeling discomfort(8.65%), taking care of wound(7.69%), and other unfavorable symptoms(6.73%) respectively. \circled3 The posture being with nurse is depends on the situations(63.46%), sitting(26.92%), and standing(9.61%) respectively. Eye contact with nurse is face to face(78.84%), depends on the situations(20.19%), and not face to face(0.96%) respectively. \circled4 The attitudes of comfort are explaining about disease(23.07%), holding on hands (14.42%), touching on the suffering parts (11.53%), and unconditionally being with(7.69%) respectively. \circled5 Nurses' caring actions are kindness (27.88%), replying to the question (12.50%), smiling(10.57%), bright appearances (8.65%), and right and quick treatment(8.65%) respectively. \circled6 The effects of being with are peaceful mind(58.65%), quick recovery(13.46%), and decrease in fear(12.50%) respectively. \circled7 The attitudes of being with are listening (11.53%), recognition(8.65%), talking about discomfort(8.65%), and answering kindly (7.69%) respectively. 3. From the analysis of presence factors, 25 statements and 3 categorized factors are presented.

• 트랜스-
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• 제5권
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• pp.1-27
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• 2018

영화를 분석한다는 것은 무엇인가? 그리고, 영화연구에서 그의 역할은 무엇인가? 질문은 보다 체계적이고 학술적인 답을 요구했고, 바야흐로 영화학(Filmologie)이 분명한 자기 자리를 만들어가고 있었다. 정신분석학, 미학, 당연히 기호학, 텍스트이론들을 관통하며 '영화' 개념의 정체성이 구축되어갔다. 자신의 철학적 에세이들에서 지속적으로 '영화'에 관한 글을 써오던 들뢰즈(Gilles Deleuze)가 1983년, 드디어 『영화 1, 운동-이미지』를 출간하면서, 논의가 깊어가던 '이미지와 본질과의 관계'는 일차적으로 정리되었다. '영화' 는 생각보다 빠르게 세기의 화두로 자리 잡았고, 사고방식을 선도하는 '장치'로 자리 잡았다. 장-루이 보드리(Jean-Louis Baudry)가 이 '영화'에 '장치(le dispositif)'라는 명칭을 붙인 것은 그렇기에 영화학 내부의 부분적인 작업이 아니다. 주목해야 하는 것은 '영화'에 대한 언급이 어느 틈에 철학과 인문학의 가장 뜨거운 주제인 '재현' 담론의 핵심적인 자리를 차지하게 되었다는 점이다. 디지털의 시대에 이르러 다시 한 번 영화는 스스로에 대한 정의 문제를 질문 받는다. 돌이켜보면 '영화사'의 핵심적인 담론의 주제들은 언제나 단순하고 피상적인 기술적 변화에서 불거졌다. CG(컴퓨터그래픽)으로부터 시작된 21세기 '영화'에 대한 질문은 '재현' 문제에 대한 철학적 논의에서 그치지 않고, 영화의 본질에 대한 논의의 초점을 '생산'에서 '배포' 쪽으로 이동시킨다는 중대한 변화를 가져왔다.

• 의료법학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.53-75
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• 2008

The end of life problem in the United States has been evolved from the development of concept of brain death over last 50 yr. The invention of ventilator and the development of emergency medicine also played a key role to elongate the end stage of life and which caused the American people to ask a question about the patients self determination and refusing the unwarranted medical treatment in the view of the death with dignity. With regard to the patient unable to self determination, surrogate decision was also considered. To guarantee the self determination, The patient self determination act also enacted on the level of Federal regulation in 1990s. But no law has effectively dealt with the situation when medical treatment became futile. Along with the significant debates on literature and court cases. The American Medical Association's Council on Medical and Judical Affairs presented formal opinion and the Texas was the first states to regulate the medical futile situation in 1999. Even though that definition was in controversy, the concept of medical futility mainly focused on the doctors' right to refuse the treatment.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

목적: 임상 연구의 통계 분석에 있어서 표본수 산출의 의미와 기본 방식에 대해서 알고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 자료의 분류, 연구 디자인 및 도출하고자 하는 결과의 성격에 따라 각기 다른 식을 적용시켜 표본수를 산출 한다. 결과: 표본수 산출은 임상 연구를 시작하기 전에 선행되어야 하며, 적절한 표본수 산출은 유의한 결론 도출에 필수 불가결하다. 결론: 표본수 산출은 에러나 작은 변수에 민감하기 때문에 특정 식에 적용시킬 때는 주의를 요한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.54-69
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• 2007

The objective of study is to propose theoretical basis for applying planning elements to Environment-friendly Public Land Development in integrated perspective of 'eco' and 'health'. For this purpose, First, the definition of 'Environment-friendly Public Development' and the interrelation between 'eco' and 'heath' as the component element of it are proposed. Secondly, based on internal and external case studies, eco and health related planning elements are deprived. And to assess the planning elements efficiently, representative planning elements are selected by each content. Thirdly, based on the analysis of specialist question, how the selected planning elements contribute to the improvement of human health and ecosystem is assessed. The result of study could be useful to reflect the regional condition and to predict the effect of the application.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.327-346
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• 2013

Researchers as well as network providers are increasingly interested in understanding how a network user's experience changes in relation to different quality of service (QoS) parameters, with many attempts being made to identify the general relationship between quality of experience (QoE) and QoS. Several relations in different function forms have been proposed. There are instances when this variety of proposed functions potentially results in one problem having completely dissimilar solutions at the same time. The question then is which function form is the one that can better explain this relationship. In this paper, three major existing quantitative relationships between QoE and QoS are investigated. After conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis between them, a new definition of QoE-QoS dependency appears. It then results in identifying a new mutual relationship between QoE and QoS. The newly proposed relationship improves the deficiency of previous QoE-QoS relationships along with solving the problem of diversity of simultaneous solutions for one problem.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2008

인간의 감성을 이해하고 반응하는 인간 친화적 게임기술 개발은 게임을 디자인하는데 매우 중요한 요소이다. 게임에서 유발되는 감성 중 목표 감성에 도달하는 정도를 나타내는 의미로 게임성을 정의하는 것은 필요하다. 대부분의 감성관련 연구는 감성어휘 체계화를 통한 대표 감성을 추출하고 해당 디자인 소와의 연관관계로 감성을 평가하고자 하였다. 그러나 이러한 정의는 게임성에 대한 방향성을 이해하는데 긍정적인 면은 있으나 구체적이고 객관적인 플레이어의 감성을 표현 할 수 없는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 게임성에 대한 체계적 이해를 위하여 형용사 시소리스를 이용함으로써 감성적 표현을 플레이어의 의도에 따라 정확하게 나타낼 수 있도록 형용사의 의미적 상관관계를 분석할 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.403-428
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• 2011

The direction of recent education literature points to the importance of creativity and creative practices, which also plays an important role in character education and has been recognized as being invaluable for the educational goals of the 21st century. As such, the goal of mathematics educators and researchers has also been on emphasizing the importance of building character and promoting creative practices. In this research, we study the pedagogical measures that can be easily implemented in classrooms to foster creative mathematical thinking and practices in students. In particular, the mathematical topic of interest is three-dimensional geometry, and especially polygons, and processes in which mathematical knowledge and creative practices play out in classrooms. For example, we explore how these creative lessons can be organized as the target internalization lessons, concepts definition lessons, regularity and relationship lessons, question posing lessons, and narrative story lessons. All of these lessons share three commonalities: 1) they require specific planning and execution challenges in order to achieve creative tasks, 2) they take advantage of open-ended problems, and 3) they are activity-oriented. Through this study, we hope to further our understanding on successful creative mathematical educational practices in the field of mathematics education, and help establish model lessons and materials for teachers and educators to use towards such goals.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize the definition of school readiness specific to the context of the Republic of Korea. The school readiness test can be used as basic data to enable early childhood educational institutes to determine the general readiness of preschoolers and provide support to fit individual characteristics. For this purpose, six stages of the school readiness development process were considered, that is, draft development, primary preliminary survey, primary expert verification, secondary expert verification, secondary preliminary survey, and main survey. In the main survey, tests were conducted using the school readiness final draft targeting 344 preschoolers living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The item discrimination power analysis and factor analysis for the examination area and question area were also conducted. Consequently, a test tool was developed on the basic of the results obtained, consisting of 129 items in the five areas of knowledge, function, adaptation, tendency, and attitude. The knowledge area was divided into general, linguistic, and mathematical knowledge, and the function area into fine motor function, basic living ability, expressive function, and gross motor function. The adaptation area was classified into adaptation activity, separation anxiety, maladaptive behavior, and environment adaptation; the tendency area into learning tendency; others understanding, and individual tendency, and the attitude area into rule compliance and life habits.