• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.955-970
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this observational study was to identify and analyze the patterns to compare the characteristics of asthma patients. Methods: The subjects were 40 asthma patients who had satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome groups, and cold syndrome and heat syndrome groups. Their quality of life was measured by the quality of life questionnaire for adult Korean asthmatics (QLQAKA) and VAS. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured, and the degree of obesity was evaluated by body mass index (BMI). Hematological, biochemical, and immunoglobulin (Ig) E laboratory tests were included. Results: Based on pattern identification, the 40 asthma patients could be divided into two categories of groups: 1) the deficiency syndrome (N=18) and the excess syndrome (N=22) groups: 2) the cold syndrome (N=35) and the heat syndrome (N=5) groups. The mean value of HF differed significantly between the deficiency and excess syndrome groups. The mean value of IgE in blood tests of asthmatics was greater than four times the reference value. For BMI, the subjects were classified into three groups: normal weight (N=12), overweight (N=12), and obese (N=16). Conclusions: Development of a more accurate asthma-specific pattern identification tool could play a crucial role in asthma control. In addition, good control of asthma can improve the quality of life. Obesity is one of the factors associated with asthma exacerbation.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aim to investigate the relationship between NIHSS and distribution of pattern identification in stroke patients. Methods : 1471 participants from the patients hospitalized for stroke within 4 weeks from April 2007 to August 2009 were included. They were grouped according to the NIHSS score; group 1 for the participants whose NIHSS were less than six, group 2 for seven to fifteen, and group 3 for over than sixteen. And the patients were re-divided into two groups according to their post-onset interval. The difference of distribution of five pattern identification for each group were investigated. And five pattern identification were re-analyzed according to the deficiency-excess pattern identification. K-W test was used for statistical synthesis, and the result was regarded as significant one, if its p-value was below 0.05. Results : Dampness-phelegm pattern was the most frequent out of five patterns in total participants as well as all the subgroups. In group 3 with more serious neurological deficit, larger proportion of patients in early acute stage was diagnosed as excess pattern including Fire-Heat pattern. On the other side the proportion of Deficiency of Qi and Yin was larger in late convalescent stage of group 3 than in other groups. But nothing was statistically significant. Conclusions : Further study including patients with more variant classification with follow-up evaluation is needed to reflect the real characteristics of stroke population.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.274-279
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• 2021

This study was conducted to find objective diagnostic indicators for the Eight Principle Pattern Identification using a pulse wave analyzer. Typology Complexion Pulse and Symptom data from 500 women over the age of 18 were used. Five experts made a diagnosis of Eight Principle Pattern Identification and divided the subjects into 'Yin-Yang', 'Exterior-Interior', 'Cold-Heat', 'Deficiency-Excess' groups. Their pulse waves were measured in the left and right radial arteries, and it was investigated whether there was a significant difference between groups in the pulse wave parameter values. 'Yin' group showed a significantly lower value in the left radial artery for Ener, Emin, EIX, T4T, T4TT parameters and in the Right for T2, T2T, T5. The Vmag, As and Ad parameters were significantly different between the 'Exterior' and 'Interior' groups. 'Heat' group showed a significantly higher value in the right radial artery for RAI/t parameter. 'Deficiency' group showed a significantly higher value in the right radial artery for W, Angl parameters. Through this study, significant pulse wave parameters were found, and they can be used as objective diagnostic indicators for Eight Principle Pattern Identification.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-105
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• 2007

Objectives : Select and analyze the case record of dyspnea and wheezing asthma recorded in Xu Ming Yi Lei An that is the most abundant and wide in contents in existing case records that are systematic, comprehending relatively modern Traditional Chinese Medicine to secure more deep and objective basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine approach for dyspnea and wheezing asthma to analyze and review possibility for clinical application in this study. Methods: The study was conducted with the case records of dyspnea and wheezing asthma in whole Xu Ming Yi Lei An. Pattern identify and classify selected case records and again classified with deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome. Also analyzed prescriptions and herbs used in the case records. Nature of herbs and properties and flavors that were used in the case records were classified and frequency of each nature of herbs were analyzed. Applicable case records were interpreted and suggested prescriptions, pulse feelings, pattern classification were analyzed and described. Results : Among the 5254 case records stated on the complete collection, it is researched that there are 63 case records for the symptom complex of dyspnea as 1.2% of the whole case records, and the case records on the symptom complex of wheezing asthma are 14 as the 0.27% of the total examples. 63 case record examples related with symptom complex of dyspnea were pattern identified and classified. As a result, deficiency syndrome of the Kidney(33 %), deficiency syndrome of the Spleen(26.0%), Wind-Cold(12.3%), phlegm turbidity(12.3%), Heat in the Lung(8.2%), asthenia of the Lung(8.2%) were investigated as above order. 14 case record examples related with wheezing asthma were pattern identified and classified. As a result, phlegm-Heat(26.3%), upper excess and lower deficiency(26.3%), external affections Wind-Cold(15.8%), Dampness-phlegm(10.5%), Lung asthenia(10.5%), Cold phlegm(5.3%), mutual deficiency and detriment of Heart and Kidneys(5.3%) were investigated as above order. Symptom complex of dyspnea has 67.1% of deficiency syndrome, 32.9% of excess syndrome resulting more deficiency syndrome than excess syndrome. Symptom complex of wheezing asthma has 42.1 % of deficiency syndrome and 57.9% of excess syndrome resulting more excess syndrome than deficiency syndrome. In case of symptom complex of dyspnea prescription used in the case record, the order of frequency is as following. Palmijihwang-tang, Bojung-ikgitang, Yungmijihwang-tang, Ijintang, Sojaganggitang, Igongsan. In case of symptom complex of wheezing asthma prescription in the case record, Yungmijihwang-tang, Ohotang, Dodamtang were mostly used. Herbs used in case records of symptom complex of dyspnea are Ginseng Radix, Poria, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Aconiti Iateralis Preparata Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens are mostly used. Nature of herb properties used for symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma are herbs that are warm properties. When the symptom complex of dyspnea and the symptom complex of wheezing asthma were treated. if the patient felt tenderness at Pyesu, doctors conducted pricking blood around the opposite Pyesu or Sipseon acupoint. when the patient didn't have tenderness at Pyesu by soft press, pricking blood was performed both sidees, right and left Pyesu. In case of the treatment of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma, when they got treatment, when the symptom complex of disease is severe, a doctor cauterized the opposite Pyesu while the other Pyesu felt tenderness, and decided how the above treatment is performed whether the degree of the symptom compolex of disease is severe or not. In case of the treatment of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma, if the person felt tenderness at Pyesu and is caught by the Wind-Cold pathogen, slight acupuncture is treated at relevant Pyesu with Fire needling. When patient with symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma cannot hawk sputum up from the oral and laryngopharynx, suction method is treated. Conclusion : With this study, actual traditional and clinical pattern identification form and characteristics of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma were recognized. Modern case report utilizing in clinical application need to be secured and an incurable disease asthma need to be diagnosed and improvement for treatments have to be searched through other case records.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.25-43
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• 2021

Among the ancient ideas of East Asia, there is a myth about the symbol of the Four Gods who commands all directions in the east, south, west, and north, and this is also reflected in the medical field. However, although there is discussion about Qinglong Decoction (青龍湯), Baihu Decoction (白虎湯) and Xuanwu Decoction (玄武湯) in the 『Shanghan Lun (傷寒論)』, there is no content focusing on Zhuniao decoction (朱鳥湯). Considering the consistent perspective of 『Shanghan Lun』, which recognizes the disease-syndrome and seeks prescriptions based on yin and yang thinking, this is very unusual. Therefore, in this study, it was revealed that the concept of 'Sishen Decoction (四神湯)' itself was a concept that emerged when the authors of 『Shanghan Lun』 established the 'eight-principles syndrome differentiation (八綱辨證)' system in their recognition and response to diseases-syndromes. Based on this, I considered the following possibilities: They were able to present Qinglong decoction, Baihu Decoction and Xuanwu decoction, as appropriate prescriptions for 'exterior cold excess syndrome (表寒實證)', 'interior heat deficiency syndrome (裏熱虛證)', and 'interior cold deficiency syndrome (裏熱實證)'. However, it is possible that the name of the prescription 'Zhuniao decoction' was not intentionally used, because it was not possible to provide an appropriate prescription for 'exterior cold excess syndrome (表熱實證)'.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.25.1-25.9
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• 2022

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive and behavioral disorders and reduces the quality of life in dogs and their guardians. This study reviewed the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for CDS and compared the diagnosis and therapy of CAM between CDS in canines and dementia in humans. The evaluation tools for the diagnosis of CDS and dementia were similar in the neurological and neuropsychiatric examinations, daily life activity, cognitive tests, and neuroimaging, but the evaluation for dementia was further subdivided. In CAM, pattern identification is a diagnostic method for accurate, personalized treatment, such as herbal medicine. For herbal medicine treatment of cognitive impairment in canines and humans, a similar pattern identification classified as deficiency (Qi, blood, and Yin) and Excess (phlegm, Qi stagnation, and blood stasis) is being used. However, the veterinary clinical basis for verifying the efficacy and safety of CAM therapies for CDS is limited. Therefore, based on CAM evidence in dementia, it is necessary to establish CDS-targeted CAM diagnostic methods and therapeutic techniques considering the anatomical, physiological, and pathological characteristics of dogs.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.15-44
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• 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the types of childhood simple obesity and suggest clinical symptoms, treatment principles, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments for each type. Methods All kinds of literature published by the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to August 20, 2022 were analyzed. We extracted information about types of childhood simple obesity, relevant clinical symptoms, treatment principles and TCM treatments. Results 25 studies were included. Spleen deficiency with dampness obstruction, gastrointestinal dampness-heat, internal excess of phlegm-dampness were the most reported. Spleen deficiency with dampness obstruction has symptoms of powerless, heavy limbs, pale tongue, teeth-marked tongue, sunken and slippery pulse. As a treatment, herbal medicine (HM) like modified Banggihwanggitang and acupoint like Joksamri were mainly reported. Gastrointestinal dampness-heat has symptoms of thirst, constipation, edacity, rapid hungering, heavy limbs, red tongue, slippery and rapid pulse. HM like Modified Xiehuangsan to clear heat was mainly reported. Internal excess of phlegm-dampness has symptoms of heavy limbs, lack of strength, tongue with white slimy fur, slippery pulse. Modified Ijintang to dry dampness to resolve phlegm was mainly reported. Conclusions This study analyzed types of pattern, clinical symptoms, treatment principles, and TCM treatments of childhood simple obesity. Based on this study, it is necessary to derive a standardized dialectical information that reflects the domestic situation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.253-261
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• 2006

Backgrounds : Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lowering serum cholesterol levels could reduce the risk of CVD. Insamsansa-eum (Renshenshanzha-yin, ISE), composed of Ginseng Radix and Crataegii Fructus, is a new medicine developed to treat hyperlipidemia and CVD. Objectives : In this study, we intended to explore the clinical effects of ISE on patients with hypercholesterolemia, and moreover we also compared its effects according to the pattern identification. Methods : Subjects were administered ISE with the dose of 600 mg three times a day for 4 weeks. Patterns of subjects were identified with diagnostic scoring system for Yin-Yang and the condition of Excess-Deficiency before treatment. Serum lipids were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of medication. Results : ISE lowered total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), total lipid(TL), phospholipid(PL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL) significantly. Compared with the data of our previous study, it was less effective than Atorvastatin but showed equal lipids-lowering effect to Chunghyul-dan (Qingxue-dan, CHD). In Yang pattern group, ISE was less effective in lowering TG and LDL than it was in not-Yang-not-Yinpattern group. On safety assessment, there was no adverse effect, hepatic or renal toxicity. Conclusions : We suggest that ISE is a safe and useful herbal medicine for hypercholesterolemia, and moreover it could be more useful when it is used for patients with not Yang pattern.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2015

Objectives: This study examined the correlation between the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) and the Motricity Index (MI) in acute cerebral infarction patients. Methods: We studied 75 inpatients within a month after the onset of cerebral infarction; patients were recruited from July 2012 to November 2013. We analyzed the correlation between changes in SSS and MI by pattern identification. Results: A significant moderate positive linear correlation was noted between SSS and MI in the total patient cohort and in a Fire-heat group, Dampness-phlegm group, Qi deficiency group, and Deficiency syndrome group. A significant strong positive linear correlation existed between SSS and MI in the Excess syndrome group. The Yin deficiency group showed a weak positive linear correlation, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the correlation between SSS and MI in acute cerebral infarction patients could differ depending on pattern identification.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the pattern identification (PI) and clinical index of Parkinson's disease (PD) for personalized diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This prospective observational multi-center study recruited 100 patients diagnosed with PD from two Korean medicine hospitals. To cluster new subtypes of PD, items on a PI questionnaire (heat and cold, deficiency and excess, visceral PI) were evaluated along with pulse and tongue analysis. Gait analysis was performed and blood and feces molecular signature changes were assessed to explore biomarkers for new subtypes. In addition, unified PD rating scale II and III scores and the European quality of life 5-dimension questionnaire were assessed. Results: The clinical index obtained in this study analyzed the frequency statistics and hierarchical clustering analysis to classify new subtypes based on PI. Moreover, the biomarkers and current status of herbal medicine treatment were analyzed using the new subtypes. The results provide comprehensive data to investigate new subtypes and subtype-based biomarkers for the personalized diagnosis and treatment of PD patients. Ethical approval was obtained from the medical ethics committees of the two Korean medicine hospitals. All amendments to the research protocol were submitted and approved. Conclusions: An objective and standardized diagnostic tool is needed for the personalized treatment of PD by traditional Korean medicine. Therefore, we developed a clinical index as the basis for the PI clinical evaluation of PD. Trial Registration: This trial is registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) (KCT0008677)