• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4984-4991
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• 2015

This study derives the city's declining area by the type, and evaluates urban regeneration projects to sustainable urban regeneration planning factors. And assess whether urban regeneration projects are suitable for declining aspect of area. Application of sustainable urban regeneration plan factors of 19 declining areas is found to be less than 'normal'. This showed that urban regeneration projects not being actively enforced. All areas except hoedeokdong have been estimated that urban regeneration projects did not enforce the corresponding type on the decline, it still showed that concentrated on the physical regeneration projects. Excavation of social, economic regeneration projects that can respond to the type of decline and integrated, ongoing urban regeneration efforts are needed.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2012

This paper provides a case study to explore the Kitakyushu case as a good referential example on STP development for rejuvenation of declining industrial city. The major data for the case, basically, has been sourced from some materials published by the municipality of Kitakyushu City, the website of the Kitakyushu Science and Research Park (KSRP) etc. The City of Kitakyushu has promoted the KSRP development to overcome industrial decline and stimulate city renaissance as a new industrial city. The core of the development was to develop a high-level education and research environment by gathering several HEIs into one campus. Based on the environment, the Kitakyushu Foundation for the Advancement of Industry and Science and Technology (FAIS) played the critical role as a coupler to make various networks and boost industry-academiaadministration innovation. The KSRP, and then, has been designated as a project area of some cluster projects initiated by the central government. It means that local projects can be synchronized, synergized and synthesized with national projects in the KSRP. In addition, through a series of the environmental approach from the Kitakyushu Eco-town Project to the Low Carbon Society Project, the development of the KSRP is being extended into the region. In the Kitakyushu case, networking is the essence of the KSRP development from the planning stage. First of all, the plan put emphasis on networking of academia for the knowledge creation based on competitive collaboration that is expected as the mainspring of rejuvenating declining industrial area and making a new industrial city that the plan aimed. Then, the roles of two organizations are very important for networking, especially networking of networks: the Campus Management Committee as an interface and the FAIS as a coupler. STP development without some strategic considerations for networking as the way of interaction among its participants cannot be a tool to promote innovation and rejuvenate a declining industrial area. The Kitakyushu case mentioned above explains the matter clearly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2020

The purpose of this research is to manage the physical sectors systematically, needed for the selection and direction of declining areas, such as urban regeneration and revitalization projects, by grading the density of decline indicators of buildings in small and medium cities. In five small and medium-sized cities in Jeollanam-do, the data were divided into three stages according to the density, according to the use, structure, and age of the building. Rating by element of Census Output Area, detailed designation, and management of declining areas in small and medium-sized cities are required, rather than setting the scope of declining areas based on administrative districts. It is also necessary to manage cities through complex and intra-element phasing rather than single elements in defining physical decline. The analysis based on the complex factors and boundary of the Census Output Area is meaningful in order to maintain and manage such cities in a more detailed and precise manner according to such characteristics of each region.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

The aim of this thesis is to present why the business district of old downtown in Jejusi collapsed and what sort of problems caused by that as collecting objective data, which help us to comprehend how the commercial zone has been decaying, on the physical state of the specific area near 'Sinheungro' and 'Chilsungro', which are main commercial sites in the downtown, and analysing it. Firstly It was revealed that most land investigated was property in which structure was able to built or poor land within $60m^2$. This was caused by increasing in land value and high density in space use so that the area did not develop. Secondly, In addition to be low density, most of buildings in 'Sinheungro' and 'Chilsungro' were so old and inefficient - the old buildings were abandoned without improving due to expensive rent and complicated property rights. Thirdly, According to the survey accomplished, major commercial facilities in the area have struggled with the continuous recession in their business. It was the inevitable result of not having an effective alliance with surrounding retail shops and a lack of a strategic action for satisfying consumers desire or adapting to new shopping patterns. Fourthly, Infrastructure in the site was ruining the beauty of the urban landscape as well as bringing on bad access to the inner city as not having improved enough. Furthermore, many administration departments which were in charge of each infrastructure existed. This was resulted from not considering unification between each infrastructure and regional characteristics of the local community.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.2 s.58
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• pp.141-145
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• 2005

Forest stand structure was surveyed to understand the Korean fir (Abies holophylla) dominant forest ecosystem in Nae-Sorak mountain. Despite limited surveyed area, a diverse forest structure, a characteristic in natural forests, is well presented in the area. According to Leibundgut's (1984) classification of forest structure, stand A, B represents declining stage, stand C regeneration stage, stand D combination of stabilizing and declining stage, and stand E unstable stage of selection.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2018

This study investigated the public use of Myeon Location in Jeollanam - do where the population is at risk of declining. And discussed the rational provision and coordination of public facilities as a guarantee of fundamental rights. As a result of the study, the rational supply and adjustment directions of public facilities are as follows. First, there are problems such as high availability of management, finance, shopping, and health facilities, lack of culture, leisure, community facilities, and weakening of center function. Therefore, in the continuing declining population situation, face management, safety and health facilities should be upgraded to multifunctional facilities, and utilization efficiency and integration should be promoted. In addition, town center rehabilitation should be centered on multifunctional facilities. In addition, elementary schools will have to utilize and preserve them to take advantage of local cultural values as nostalgia storing place that provide incentives for young people and elementary school children in the future. Second, in order to cope with population decline, public facilities need to strengthen public services through complexity and multifunctionality, wide-area operation with neighboring areas, and user-centered operation management.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2005

The dynamics and distribution characteristics of Coryjopsis coreana popujation at Cheongsogol, Sunchon, Cholanam-do, Korea, were investigated. The Coryiopsis coreana pop ulation was distributed along the forest edge and it showed characteristics which were distributed on only directional slopes of the north, northeast or northwest. The Coryjopsis coreana constituted subtree or shrub layer in the forest, and its floristic composition was basically similar to those of adjacent areas where the species does not exist. The number of stump was 6.25 per $25\;m^2$, and each stump had 3 sproutings in average. The density of the Corylopsis coreana population in the study area was lower than that in other area, which suggests the population is declining in the study area.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.702-707
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• 2002

Three periods of land-use maps of the Suomo Basin were drawn from topographic maps (1970a) and Landsat TM/ETM images (1986a and 1999a). The area of each kind of land use was calculated from the three maps. From 1970 to 1999, the area of forestland decreased 17%, the area of sparse forestland increased 8%, and the area of grassland increased 10%. The transferring trend of the land-use is that forestland turned into sparse forestland and brush land, and the brush land degenerated into grassland based on the transferring matrixes from 1970 to 1986, and from 1986 to 1999. According to the local government record and statistical data, forest cover rate had been increasing from 1970 to 1998, but the amount of growing stock had been declining. From 1957 to 1998, the amount of growing stock declined from 423m$^3$/ha to 177m$^3$/ha.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.64-73
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• 2010

This study aims to analyse the spatial characteristics and to draw the declining areas from the whole area of Chung-Cheong Province. For this purpose, the temporal and spatial conditions by the urban decline diagnosis indexes are utilized. Additionally, the spatial autocorrelation method was applied for extraction of those areas. The spatial autocorrelation method is one of the methods on exploring spatial characteristics and considering the spatial factors. We also adopted the concepts of economics and then discovered the characteristics of deprivation areas. In applying this method, the positively valued areas were classified as the complementary areas, and the negatively valued areas as the substitutional areas. The findings show the declining areas and the growing areas caused by the growth of periphery. This study supports the regeneration plan of Chung-Cheong Province in extracting depressed or activated areas and explaining the characteristics of those areas.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

Previous studies on the factors affecting residents' migration have shown that residents who feel dissatisfied with their residential environment are more likely to move to another area than those who feel satisfied. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the subjective evaluation of the decline of the place and its impact on the intention to stay. This study used the data from Hankyoreh 21 survey of the residents who have been residing in the declining regions. The main finding of this study is that residents have a much higher propensity to stay as they become older. The fact that residents' staying intention tends to increase with age seems to be closely related to physical and economic constraints of older residents. Therefore, it can be inferred from the result that the elderly are more likely to be exposed to disadvantageous environments than the young residents in the declining regions.