• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.615-625
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• 2014

As many parts of Korea are mountainous, many tunnels have been constructed to be in step with rapid economic development since 1970's. However, the interest on maintenance of tunnels is far less than the awareness of need for tunnels. As the tunnel maintenance system is the responsive maintenance system which responds to the problems found during the inspection, it will be very difficult to respond to each problem with the limited budget and manpower of the government agencies when the number of aged tunnels rapidly increase in the future. As such, this study presents the need for the LCCA (Life Cycle Cost Analysis) based tunnel asset management system to transform the tunnel maintenance to a preventive management system in a strategic and long-term viewpoint and proposes the framework for development direction. It observed the asset management implementation cases of social infrastructure in other countries and analyzed the need for asset management technique to manage the tunnels in Korea. Moreover, it applied the LCCA model, which is the economic and engineering quantitative decision making technique, for tunnel asset management to present the concrete direction for development of an asset management model and designed the R&D framework to systemize it.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.43-53
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of customer relationship management (CRM) support policies for facilitating traditional markets, especially with respect to customer acquisition and maintenance, and to investigate the factors affecting CRM. Research design, data, and methodology - We analyzed the CRM efficiency of traditional markets in 16 cities and provinces in Korea on the basis of DEA analysis and Malmquist productivity analysis. The DEA model calculates a ratio of the weighted mean of various inputs to the weighted mean of various outputs and measures the efficiency of a specific decision making unit (DMU), which is compared to the reference group that has a similar input-output structure. The input variables are coupon, event, parcel service, premiums, while is the number of customers per day. Further, through regression analysis, we analyzed CRM-related factors affecting traditional markets' customer appeal and revenue growth. Results - We obtained the results of the efficiency of traditional markets in 16 provinces. The traditional markets in Seoul, Busan, and Jeju were found to be efficient in a model CCR that used the number of customers per day as an output variable, while Chungbuk, Jeonbuk Province, and According to the results of the DEA analysis and Malmquist productivity analysis, large cities such as Seoul, Busan, and Jeju showed efficiency in CRM-related investment businesses in traditional markets for attracting customers. The Malmquist analysis results confirmed that the productivity of traditional markets increased from 2008 to 2010. The results of the regression analysis revealed that the "customer acquisition/maintenance factor" and the "offering of customer convenience facility factor" were significant to the daily average number of customers, which is a dependent variable. The results of the test with the mediating variable, "number of customers," and the final dependent variable, "sales revenue," were rejected. However, the variable "customer acquisition /maintenance" was found to affect sales revenue positively. Conclusions - It is necessary to enhance the business not only for promotional activities to attract customers, but also to strengthen customer relationships among CRM businesses, such as through the management of key customers. The regression analysis results showed that CRM businesses have yet to produce an increase in sales revenues in traditional markets. Therefore, to help customers who visit traditional markets to keep buying products, it is necessary to prepare various investment methods and provide support to improve "customer loyalty." This study has a limitation in terms of CRM-related statistics. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to conduct a survey of customers who use traditional markets to analyze the markets by type and size as well as the CRM-related factors. Based on the analysis, we will try to perform a variety of statistical analyses, including structural equations.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.333-345
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• 2000

The health care environment becomes more competitive every day. It has fallen to nurse managers - from vice presidents of patient care to nurse managers and their assistants - to recruit and develop a workforce that successfully meets the needs of both patients and the organization. This means employees who demonstrate advanced critical thinking skills, creative problem solving, and sound decision making skills combined with clinical skills and patient advocacy. The environment which nurse managers create and the way they relate to their workforce, are pivotal to organizational viability. Especially leadership of first -line nurse managers contributes to the success of their organizations. First-line nurse managers are deserved to be one of the most administrative supervisors through the middle stratum in a hospital organization as being a manager in the field service if assessed from the overall aspects of hospital, as being an interim managers in the nursing department as well as being a supreme supervisor in a unit in terms of an organizational structure in the hospital. Similarly, as a compete leader, the first-line nurse managers have not only a professional which is qualified to perform a role of appropriate coordination with medical staff and key personnel but also hold an important key position a being responsible for performing his or her given role. The first-line nurse manager is expected to manage human and fiscal resources in ways not required before. While an identified need for well-prepared first-line nurse manager continues to plague the profession, first-line nurse managers often have difficulty providing the leadership required. The need leadership training to function effectively in their positions. But we hardly find a useful leadership training program for first-line nurse managers, therefore the purpose of this study was to developed the leadership training program for them. The steps of leadership program development were below: 1st step, 2 studies were done before develop a leadership program. One was done to ask to first-line nurse managers what they want to learn through leadership training, the other one was to ask the staff nurses what their opinions are for their first-line nurse managers leadership. 2nd step was searching other leadership programs contents. The results of this study were below: The total amount of hours is 24. Leadership training program contents are : Future of nursing profession (210min), understanding basic factor's of leadership and leadership theories(310 min), self understanding as first- line nurse managers(320 min), basic principle and practice of interpersonal relationship(210 min), assertiveness training, conflict management (180min), and group study(210min). This is challenging time to be a leader, especially in nursing. As nurse managers look toward the new millennium, it seems as through the same struggles are ahead that are behind. So nurse managers need to embrace change with a positive attitude. They need to demonstrate risk taking and support it in their staffs. All these things are possible that after they participate the leadership training program.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.361-374
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• 2001

This study was done to identify a status of home visiting project as a community health nursing system, that was the organization. personal who have age, educational background, marital status, position, experience of the home visiting in the public sectors in part of Seoul. Kyonggi, Kang-won area, It was done to provide basis data for the development of effective visiting nurses project in the health sectors, where was Health Centers in urban and rural. Branch of Health Center in rural and Health posts. The question airs were distributed 352 public health workers who working place was 118 health workers in 12 health centers in Seoul. 56 public health workers among 39 health center and other public health sectors in Kyonggi and 178 public health workers among health center and health care sectors. Data collected from October to December. 2000. The analysis by SAS system with F test, percentage and frequency. The major result were as follows. The general characteristics of the respondent show that most of them were graduates from community college and RN-BS with broadcast that they had not completed CPHN course but only two health workers have trained for the visiting nurses project. As for their grade in the position, the most of health workers have seventh level and the other CHP were above sixth level in the health care post that in the government structure. This indicates that workers do not have great authority in decision making, the most period of works in the position was one and two years indicating that they change jobs frequently. On an average their clinical experience was 4.11 years which is ideal for the total service. As for preparation of staff for home visiting workers education on visiting nurses program have to receive short term or longer term training course for strong emphasis. The analysis showed that public health visiting workers responds about active job performance that based on an area, approach of acting by districts, education and position are shown statistically significant difference between acceptance of the visiting nursing job show the same as well as visiting nurses project. Special concerns for visiting Nursing care spread came to burden, many of activity carry out main solution is covered the health problem connective support system needs of quality and quantity which out health problem. As 71.1% of visiting health service held on the poor population was under the guardianship of the law, but people who health insurance wide application under law shown a tendency to increase gradually. The general characteristics of the patients showed 56.2% of female on average of age was 66.1 years old, they have health problem was the most of 47.6% of high blood pressure and stroke, the other and as a problem that economics, which is complex welfare with out health problem. Community health care service should be combined health and social work program. The form of delivery of visiting health care given the most guide and education with counselling and support. (33.6%) Among the six category of visiting care service shown statistically significant difference and next is fundamental care, remedy care with priority.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.114-125
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• 2009

In this study, a design value analysis technique that considered stochastic LCC and stochastic performance evaluation was proposed, and by introducing the concept of reliability analysis, a decision making that secured reliability was supported. The results of this study, which was carried out according to the above objectives and methods, are summarized as follows: 1) The design value analysis procedures and value state function, improved in order to carry out a reliable analysis when evaluating alternate proposals that were extracted after the function definition was complete, were formalized, and in order to secure consistency and efficiency for value evaluation procedures, an evaluation index scheme was proposed; 2) Database collection and analysis were done for a bridge's LCC analysis. As for the collection scope of data, literature of previous research done on a bridge's LCC analysis was used as the basis for analysis, and for securing reliability regarding analysis results and dealing with uncertainty of collected data, the MCS technique was applied; 3) Weights and evaluation ranks for performance evaluation of each of the alternate proposals, as well as LCC analysis model, analysis period, discount rate, user expense, safety inspection and safety diagnosis expense conditions for LCC analysis were proposed. Lastly, a feasibility study was done and conclusion was made about "OO grand bridge and connecting road construction work execution design" project centered on value analysis execution case.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.3 s.93
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• pp.431-438
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• 2006

The determination of the depth of deteriorated concrete is one of the main problems in the structural assessment of concrete structures that have been subjected to a fire. This information is particularly important in order to optimize the future operations of repair/strengthening, or in decision-making concerning a possible demolition. The purpose of this study is to propose evaluation technique of damaged depth of concrete exposed at high temperature. In order to evaluate damaged depth of core picked at member under fire, the 24 specimens have been made with variables of concrete strength(20 MPa, 40 MPa, 60 MPa) and heating exposure condition in 600 and 800 for 2 hours. Color change analysis and water absorption after heating have been measured and split tensile stress test was performed to ka the residual compressive strength against the depth of specimen. The results show that the deeper of the depth from heating face, water absorption ratio is smaller and residual stress ratio is larger and the color of heated face is changed to red color. Using this technique at damage evaluation of fired structure, We evaluate damaged depth of member under fire and determine the reasonable strengthening range.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 1994

Visual features of a mushromm(Lentinus Edodes L.) are critical in sorting and grading as most agricultural products are. Because of its complex and various visual features, grading and sorting of mushrooms have been done manually by the human expert. Though actions involved in human grading look simple, it decision making underneath the simple action comes from the result of the complex neural processing of visual image. Recently, an artificial neural network has drawn a great attention because of its functional capability as a partial substitute of the human brain. Since most agricultural products are not uniquely defined in its physical properties and do not have a well defined job structure, the neuro -net based computer visual information processing is the promising approach toward the automation in the agricultural field. In this paper, first, the neuro - net based classification of simple geometric primitives were done and the generalization property of the network was tested for degraded primitives. And then the neuro-net based grading system was developed for a mushroom. A computer vision system was utilized for extracting and quantifying the qualitative visual features of sampled mushrooms. The extracted visual features of sampled mushrooms and their corresponding grades were used as input/output pairs for training the neural network. The grading performance of the trained network for the mushrooms graded previously by the expert were also presented.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 1998

These days social and economical changes have influence on the structure of family and the role of family members. Working mothers and widowers with children are increasing because of economical difficulties. Support from relatives are decreasing because of the conspicuous trend toward nuclear families. According to these reasons androgynous fathers are required. Today's fathers in Korea socially and culturally have learned about traditional parenting, but they are changing their fathering styles to meet the demands of the times. However they don't have their own fathering models. Therefore nurses who hold an advantageous position to teach and support from clinic have to encourage them to care their infants. The purposes of this study were to define father's care giving in infancy, understand influencing factors on fathering, and the differences between fathering and mothering, then contribute to nursing implementation for supporting fathers. This study was designed to review references about father's care giving. The results were follows: Six aspects of parent participation were direct care. indirect care, play, decision-making concerning the child, amount of time of sole responsibility for the child and overall availability to the child. Direct care involved feeding, bathing, going to child if child awakens. dressing, putting child to bed, taking child to doctor, nurse, or dentist, transporting child to and from sitter, day care, or school, washing child's hair. Indirect care involved cleaning up after child, preparing child's food, fixing child's broken playthings, washing child's clothes, arranging baby-sitting, shopping for child's toys and clothes, transporting baby-sitter to and from your home. Young fathers were gradually participating in direct care like feeding, taking child to doctor. Father's care giving stimulated mothering and promoted parent-infant relationship. Influencing factors of fathering would be divided into father characteristics, surrounding factors, infant attributes. Father characteristics were age, role perception, relationship with parent. Surrounding factors were the opportunity of early contact, support system, spouse's expectation, marital adjustment, feeding type, past experience of care giving. Infant attributes were temperament, behavior, age, sex. The differences between fathering and mothering were reviewed. Fathers were poor at care giving. but their caring was similar to mother's. This subtle difference positively worked upon infant's growth and development. On the basis of these theoretical data, nurses can empower fathers to cooperate with mothers in caring infants.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.225-234
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• 2014

Because of their nature as public facilities, demands that former military facilities be utilized for the public welfare are increasing, thereby leading to an increase in cases in which these military facilities are reestablished as parks. Cases in which former military bases were reestablished as public parks were analyzed; as a result, several implications were derived. First, the objectives of public park projects should be examined from the perspective of the concept of urban regeneration and regional revitalization. Moreover, it is necessary that profits are yielded and that regional identity and history are reproduced through reusing existing facilities as much as possible rather than entirely remodeling former military sites. As parks become larger in size, bases should be reorganized into complexes rather than single facilities or programs. It is also necessary that parks be established in stages considering the enormous expenses required for building public parks. Consequently, because the special characteristics of military facilities can lead to insufficient on-site investigation in the process of establishing parks, thereby incurring a vast amount of costs for design adjustment and contamination disposal, this should be considered in advance. A method of delegating the development rights to partial sites to private businesses and supplementing the costs of park establishment and maintenance with development benefits should be examined. In addition, given that there are various interests and stakes in former military bases, a method of operating a public-private cooperative decision-making organization during project execution should be considered. Finally, policies related to urban parks need to be improved in order to raise funds, expand profitable businesses, facilitate social services and sponsorship, and encourage the participation of trusts and non-profit organizations in park operation and management.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.171-178
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• 2010

Pipeline structure is one of core underground infrastructure which transports primary sources. Since the almost pipeline structures are placed underground and connected each other complexly, it is difficult to monitor their structural health condition continuously. In order to overcome this limitation of recent monitoring technique, recently, a Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) system based on on-line and real-time monitoring system is being developed by the authors' research group. In this study, real-time pipeline health monitoring (PHM) methodology is presented based on electromechanical impedance methods using USN. Two types of damages including loosened bolts and notches are artificially inflicted on the pipeline structures, PZT and MFC sensors that have piezoelectric characteristics are employed to detect these damages. For objective evaluation of pipeline conditions, Damage metric such as Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) value was computed from the impedance signals to quantify the level of the damage. Optimal threshold levels for decision making are estimated by generalized extreme value(GEV) based statistical method. Throughout a series of experimental studies, it was reviewed the effectiveness and robustness of proposed PHM system.