• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2011

In 1945, the notion of free lattice over a poset was introduced by R. Dilworth (Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 57 (1945), 123{154). In this note, a construction of the free algebra over a poset in varieties finitely generated is shown. Finally, this result is applied to different classes of algebras.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.521-536
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• 2019

The mechanical response of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns subjected to pure compression or uniaxial bending was studied in depth over the last decades. However, the available research results on CFST columns under biaxial bending are still scarce and the lack of experimental tests for this loading situation is evident. At the same time, the design provisions in Eurocode 4 Part 1.1 for verifying the stability of CFST columns under biaxial bending make use of a simplistic interaction curve, which needs to be revised. This paper presents the outcome of a numerical investigation on slender CFST columns subjected to biaxial bending. Eccentricities differing in minor and major axis, as well as varying end moment ratios are considered in the numerical model. A parametric study is conducted for assessing the current design guidelines of EN1994-1-1. Different aspect ratios, member slenderness, reinforcement ratios and load eccentricities are studied, covering both constant and variable bending moment distribution. The numerical results are subsequently compared to the design provisions of EN1994-1- 1, showing that the current interaction equation results overly conservative. An alternative interaction equation is developed by the authors, leading to a more accurate yet conservative proposal.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2023

There are many examples of steel structures subjected to severe environmental conditions with bolted connections directly exposed to extreme climatic agents such as freeze-thaw cycles or low temperatures. Some examples are: steel bridges, mining transfer towers, wind towers... These service conditions neither are included in Eurocode 3 or EN1090-2, nor there are references in other international standards. In this experimental research, 46 specimens of non-slip joints with HV M20 bolts and four different types of contact surfaces have been studied. Half of the specimens were subjected to fourteen twelve-hours freeze-thaw cycles, with periodic immersion in water and temperature oscillation. Subsequently, half of the connections were subjected to a slip test under monotonic load at temperature of -20 ± 0.5 ℃ and the other half at room temperature. The results were compared with others equal joints not subjected to freeze-thaw cycles and kept at room temperature for the same time. This finally resulted in 4 sets of joints by combining the freeze-thaw degradation or not with the low-temperature conditions or not in the slip testing. Therefore, a total of 16 different conditions were studied by also considering 4 different contact surfaces between the joined plates in each set. The results obtained show influence of environmental conditions on the slip resistant capacity of these joints.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.263-275
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• 2022

Structural collapses can occur as a result of a dynamic amplification of either, the building's seismic response or the ground shaking by local site effects; one of the reasons is a resonance effect due to the proximity of the structural elastic fundamental period TE and the soil fundamental period TS. We evaluate the vulnerability to resonance effects in Guadalajara, México, in a three-step schema: 1) we define structural systems in the building environment of western Guadalajara, in terms of their construction materials and structural components; 2) we estimate TE with different equations, to obtain a representative value in elastic conditions for each structural system; and, 3) we evaluate the resonance vulnerability by the analysis of the ratio between TE and TS. We observe that the larger the soil fundamental period, the higher the resonance vulnerability for buildings with height between 17 and 39 m. For the sites with a low TS, the most vulnerable buildings will be those with a height between 2 and 9 m. These results can be a helpful tool for disaster prevention, by avoiding the construction of buildings with certain heights and structural characteristics that would result in a dangerous proximity between TE and TS.

• 한국멀티미디어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국멀티미디어학회 2002년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.587-592
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 De Bruijn 그래프에 기초한 다중처리기구성의 한 가지 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법에서는 유한체상의 수학적 성질과 그래프의 성질을 사용하여 변환연산자를 제한하였으며, 이들 변환연산자를 이용하여 De Bruijn 그래프의 변환표를 도출하였다. 그리고, 이 변환표로부터 유한체상의 De Bruijn 그래프를 도출하였다. 제안한 다중처리기는 유한체상의 임의의 소수와 양의 정수에 대해 구성할 수 있으며 고장허용컴퓨팅시스템, 파이프라인 시스템, 병렬처리 네트워크, 스위칭 함수와 이의 회로, 차세대 디지털논리시스템 및 컴퓨터구조 중의 하나인 다치디지털논리시스템 등에 적용할 수 있으리라 전망된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.65-80
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• 2014

This paper reports on the development of a minimum cost design model and its application for obtaining economic designs for reinforced High Strength Concrete (HSC) T-sections in bending under ultimate limit state conditions. Cost objective functions, behavior constraint including material nonlinearities of steel and HSC, conditions on strain compatibility in steel and concrete and geometric design variable constraints are derived and implemented within the Conjugate Gradient optimization algorithm. Particular attention is paid to problem formulation, solution behavior and economic considerations. A typical example problem is considered to illustrate the applicability of the minimum cost design model and solution methodology. Results are confronted to design solutions derived from conventional design office methods to evaluate the performance of the cost model and its sensitivity to a wide range of unit cost ratios of construction materials and various classes of HSC described in Eurocode2. It is shown, among others that optimal solutions achieved using the present approach can lead to substantial savings in the amount of construction materials to be used. In addition, the proposed approach is practically simple, reliable and computationally effective compared to standard design procedures used in current engineering practice.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.125-140
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• 2015

This paper describes the numerical calculation of elastic properties of a simulated microstructure of cement paste from very early age, when most previous models fail to give accurate results. The development of elastic properties of tricalcium silicate pastes was calculated by discretising a numerical resolution-free 3D vector microstructure to a regular cubic mesh. Due to the connections formed in the microstructure as an artefact of the meshing procedure, the simulated elastic moduli were found to be higher than expected. Furthermore, the percolation of the solids was found to occur even before hydration started. A procedure to remove these artefacts, on the basis of the information available in the vector microstructures was developed. After this correction, a better agreement of the experimental results with calculations was obtained between 20% and 40% hydration. However, percolation threshold was found to be delayed significantly. More realistic estimates of percolation threshold were obtained if either flocculation or a densification of calcium silicate hydrate with hydration was assumed.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.40-51
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• 2021

실내 도면 획득을 위해 실내 형상정보를 습득할 수 있는 MLS (Mobile Laser Scanning)가 건설업에서 주목받고 있다. MLS의 특성상 스캐닝 중 LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)의 움직임을 발생하며, 이로 인해 습득된 포인트가 왜곡되는 skew가 발생한다. 이러한 skew를 보정하고 정확한 형상정보를 획득하기 위해 관성측정장치를 활용한 de-skewing 기법에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 해당 연구들은 관성측정장치를 활용하기 어려운 환경에서 사용하기 어려운 한계점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 MLS로 습득한 실내 2차원 PCD (Point Cloud Data)를 대상으로 관성측정장치를 사용하지 않은 de-skewing 기법을 제시하였다. 해당 알고리즘은 인접한 스캔 지점의 포인트 간의 스캔 매칭을 통해 skew를 보정하였다. TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning)로 습득한 기준 데이터와 본 알고리즘을 통해 de-skewing을 진행한 데이터를 비교하여 검증하였으며, 모든 조건에서 면적 오차를 평균 49.82% 감소하여 본 알고리즘을 통해 관성측정장치 없이 정확한 실내 도면 도출이 가능함을 보였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2020

This paper looks into how the shape of headed bars may influence the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Nowadays the only heads used in site works are cylindrical in shape. An alternative shape of head is studied in this piece of work. The new head reduces the concentration of stresses and so the appearance of cracks. In this work durability is studied based on both, first cracking and failure mode. An experimental campaign of 12 specimens and finite element modelling are described. The specimens were subjected to an accelerated corrosion process using an electrical current supply. Direct current was impressed on the specimens until breaking. Test results and the results obtained from numerical models are presented. Results are presented in term of comparison between the two shapes of heads studied. It was shown that the shape of the head has a significant influence on durability of reinforced concrete structures with headed reinforcing bars.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.183-197
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• 2023

Scarce research has been published on crack propagation fracture of flywheels manufactured with carbon fiber-reinforced polymers. The present work deals with a calculation method to determine the conditions for which a crack propagates in the axial direction of the flywheel. The assumptions are: flywheels made with just a single thick ply or ply clustering laminates, oriented following the hoop direction; a single crack is analyzed in the plane defined by the hoop and axial directions; the crack starts close to one of the free edges; its axial length is initially large enough so that its tip is far away from that free edge, and the crack expands the entire circumferential perimeter and keeps its concentric position. The developed method provides information for a good design of flywheels. It is concluded that a fracture-based crack propagation criterion generally occurs at a lower speed than a stress-based criterion. Also, that the evolution of failure with thickness using the fracture criterion is exponential, demonstrating that thin flywheels are relatively not sensitive to crack propagation, whereas thick ones are very prone.