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An epidemiological study on enuresis in children of two elementary schools in Suwon (야뇨증 역학조사 보고: 2개 초등학교 학생 대상)

  • Lee, Hyun Jung;Lee, Kang Gyoon;Kim, Eun Jin;Pai, Ki-Soo;Lee, Sang Don
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.51 no.5
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    • pp.518-522
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of enuresis in association with voiding habits and socioeconomic status in elementary school children. Methods : A dynamic survey was done of 1,514 students from two elementary schools in Suwon, Korea in December 2006. Data regarding gender, age, height and weight, voiding habits, and monthly family incomes were gathered and analyzed to discover any correlation with the incidence of enuresis. The percentile value of height or weight was extrapolated from the standard population curve. Results : Among 1,514 children, 1,063 (70.2%) answered and returned the questionnaires. Overall, the prevalence of enuresis was 8.7% and there was no difference between the public (8.8%) and private school (8.7%). The family incomes of the students from the two schools differed greatly from each other, but there was no difference in the prevalence of enuresis between the two schools. Children with a habit of void-holding showed a higher prevalence of enuresis. No significant correlation was found between the prevalence of enuresis and the height and weight percentile of children. Experience with hospital visits was low among enuretic children (20.8%), suggesting that Korean parents tend to neglect treatment of enuresis for their children. The prevalence of enuresis decreased by 2.0% each year, as school children aged. Conclusion : The overall prevalence of enuresis among elementary school children in Suwon district was 8.7%. The 12.1% prevalence of enuresis at the seven years came down gradually, to be nil at the age of 13. Infrequent urination or void-holding was assumed to be one of the important factors causing enuresis in elementary school children.

Evaluating and managing hypertension in children: a survey of Korean cardiologists and nephrologists (소아 고혈압의 평가와 관리 방법; 한국 소아심장 전문의와 소아신장 전문의 설문)

  • Lee, Eun Hee;Yim, Hyung Eun;Jang, Gi Young;Yoo, Kee Hwan;Son, Chang Sung;Hong, Young Sook;Lee, Joo Won
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.51 no.9
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    • pp.992-997
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : Hypertension (HTN) is no longer an exclusively adult disease; the prevalence of pediatric HTN is increasing. To understand the evaluation and treatment of childhood HTN in Korea, we investigated, via a questionnaire, how hypertensive children are currently assessed and managed by pediatric cardiologists (CA) and nephrologists (NE). Methods : We surveyed 82 pediatric CA and 77 NE, regarding how they manage hypertensive children in Korea. Results : A total 75 replies were received to our questionnaire request (response rate: 47.15%). Routine blood pressure (BP) checks were more frequently performed by NE (CA: 5.7%, NE: 25%, P=0.03), but most respondents (86%) did not check BP routinely. Mercury sphygmomanometers were the most commonly used devices and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was not frequently used. The goal BP in treated patients was set at the 95th percentile by 61% of respondents. NE used a lower BP goal in hypertensive children with renal disease (CA: 24%, NE: 64%, P=0.004) or DM (CA: 12.5%, NE: 50%, P=0.003). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were the most commonly used agents (mean: 59%); following ACE inhibitors, CA preferred diuretics for hypertensive children with renal disease or cardiovascular disease, and NE preferred calcium channel blockers, regardless of underlying disease. Self-monitoring was the most frequent method for BP monitoring at home. Conclusion : In Korea, BP measurement is not yet a routine examination in treating hypertension. There are some differences in management strategies vis-$\grave{a}$-vis hypertension, between pediatric cardiologists and nephrologists. For the appropriate management and prevention of secondary disease in long-term studies, standard guidelines and education are needed for pediatricians.

Comparison of Center Error or X-ray Field and Light Field Size of Diagnostic Digital X-ray Unit according to the Hospital Grade (병원 등급에 따른 X선조사야와 광조사야 간의 면적 및 중심점 오차 비교)

  • Lee, Won-Jeong;Song, Gyu-Ri;Shin, Hyun-yi
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.245-252
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was intended to recognize the importance of quality control (QC) in order to reduce exposure and improve image quality by comparing the center-point (CP) of according to hospital grade and the difference between X-ray field (XF) and light field (LF) in diagnostic digital X-ray devices. XF and LF size, CP were measured in 12 digital X-ray devices at 10 hospitals located in 00 metropolitan cities. Phantom was made in different width respectively, using 0.8 mm wire after attaching to the standardized graph paper on transparent plastic plate and marked as cross wire in the center of the phantom. After placing the phantom on the table of the digital X-ray device, the images were obtained by shooting it vertically each field of survey. All images were acquired under the same conditions of exposure at distance of 100cm between the focus-detector. XF and LF size, CP error were measured using the picture archiving communication system. data were expressed as mean with standard error and then analyzed using SPSS ver. 22.0. The difference in field between the XF and LF size was the smallest in clinic, followed by university hospitals, hospitals and general hospitals. Based on the university hospitals with the least CP error, there was a statistically significant difference in CP error between university hospitals and clinics (p=0.024). Group less than 36-month after QC had fewer statistical errors than 36-month group (0.26 vs. 0.88, p=0.036). The difference between the XF and LF size was the lowest in clinic and CP error was the lowest in university hospital. Moreover, hospitals with short period of time after QC have fewer CP error and it means that introduction of timely QC according to the QC items is essential.

A Study on Health Status of the 1,559 Korean Applicants Applying for the Coal Miners in West Germany during the Year of 1972 and 1973 (우리나라 독일광부(獨逸鑛夫) 지원자(志願者)에 대(對)한 건강상태(健康狀態)에 관(關)한 조사연구(調査硏究))

  • Jun, Hyun-Sook;Choi, Sam-Sup
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.383-393
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    • 1974
  • The importance of the health care for the miners not only concerns the productivity of the enterprises but also as a fundamental human right, it has to be secured and protected by the society and the government. The Korean coal miners began to find their works at overseas since 1963 when the Korean government selected and dispatched its miners to West Germany. As years go by, the demand and the supply of the coal miners, the program of the coal miners health care became the important tasks to be solved and the further studies and research were necessary to support these tasks achievement. The writers made a statistical analysis on health status of the 1,559 Korean applicants applying for the coal miners in West Germany during the year of 1972 and 1973 by the using of the data of physical examination which were directed by the Korea Overseas Development Cooperation. The standard of physical examination which was applied for coal miners applying the jobs in West Germany was authorized by the Government Office of Labor in 1967. The results are as following; 1. The applicants were from the various provinces throughout Korea; Gang Weon 50.2%, Jeon-Nam 16.8%, Chung-Nam 13.7%, Gyeong-Nam 10.5%, City of Seoul 5.4%, and others 3.7%. 2. The ages of the applicants were from 20 to 44. The age group of 25-29(36.3%) and of 30-34(55.2%) together occupied the 91.5 per cent of the total applicants. 3. Among the 1,559 applicants 52.1 per cent passed the physical examinations. The tendency were shown that as the age increased, the passing rate decreased, and the married applicnts had lower passing rates compared to the unmarried applicants. 4. The height of the applicants averaged $168.4{\pm}4.74(cm)$ and the weight averaged $61.3{\pm}5.65(kg)$. 5. The average vision of the left eye of the applicants was $0.92{\pm}0.23$ and the right eye was $0.91{\pm}0.30$. 6. The mean value of the systolic blood pressure of the applicants was $145{\pm}13(mmHg)$ and the diastolic blood pressure was $85{\pm}8(mmHg)$. 7. Fifteen hundred and fifty-nine applicants were taken chest X-ray and 17.2 per cent were found abonrmal. For each 1,000 applicants, 46 Pulmonary calcification and fibrosis, 45 chronic bronchitis, 27 pleural thickening and adhesion, 20 pulmonary tuburculosis, 11 anomalies of the rib, 10 pulmonary infiltration and 21 others diseases were found. 8. Lumber X-ray examination showed that 23.9 per cent (372 applicants) were found abnormal. For each 1,000 applicants, 77 osteoarthritis, 56 lumbarization, 15 fracture of vertebrae, 15 spondyloarthritis, 14 deformity of vertebrae, 13 spina bifida, 12 sacralization, 12 spondylolysis, and 5 others diseases were found. 9. In total, 47.9 per cent of 1,559 applicants failed the physical examinations, and the main causes for the failure were shown to be 7.1% of anomalies of spine, 6.3% of osteoarthritis, 4.7% of pulmonary calcification and fibrosis, 4.6% of chronic brochitis, 3.6% of hypertension (only), 3.4% of fracture of vertebrae. 3.1% of underweight(under 57.0kg), 2.0% of spondyloarthritis, 2.0% oe pulmonary tuberculosis, 1.7% of pleurisy, 1.0% of spina bifida, 1.5% of syphilis, 1.5% of color blindess, and 1.0% of underheight(under 160.0cm).

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Evaluation of Fibrosis in Liver Cirrhosis by Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO)-Enhanced MR Imaging: Does the Radiological Non-Invasive Fibrosis Index Correlate with the Laboratory Non-Invasive Fibrosis Index? (Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Enhanced MRI를 이용한 간섬유화의 평가: 영상의학적 비침습적 간섬유화 지표가 AST/혈소판 비와 상관 관계가 있는가?)

  • Kim, Shin-Kee;Lee, Chang-Hee;Kim, Kyeong-Ah;Choi, Jae-Woong;Lee, Jong-Mee;Park, Cheol-Min
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : To evaluate the correlation between the radiological non-invasive hepatic fibrosis index (RNHFI), as determined by SPIO-enhanced MRI, and the laboratory non-invasive hepatic fibrosis index. Materials and Methods : Patients (99 total: 61 men and 38 women; mean age: 58 years) who underwent SPIO-enhanced MRI (1.5T) during 5 years included. These patients were subdivided into a liver cirrhosis group (LCG) and a non-liver cirrhosis group (non-LCG). Using PACS view, we measured the RNHFI (mean standard deviation of hepatic signal intensity (SD), noise-corrected coefficient of variation (CV)) of three ROIs in the liver parenchyma by SPIO-enhanced MRI. The laboratory non-invasive hepatic fibrosis index (AST-platelet ratio index (APRI)) of all patients was calculated from the laboratory data. We compared the RNHFI and APRI of LCG with those of non-LC group using Student's t-test. A bivariate correlation was performed to investigate the relationship between the RNHFI and APRI in the LCG. Results : For the LCG, mean values of SD and CV by SPIO-enhanced MRI were $10.3{\pm}3.7$ and $0.19{\pm}0.08$, respectively. For the non-LCG, mean values of SD and CV were $6.5{\pm}1.6$ and $0.08{\pm}0.05$, respectively. The mean APRI of the LCG and the non- LCG were $2.04{\pm}1.7$ and $0.32{\pm}0.32$, respectively. The RNHFI and APRI were significantly different between both groups (p<0.05). For the LCG, the bivariate correlation between SD and APRI revealed a statistically significant positive correlation (r=0.5, p<0.001). In both groups, there was no statistically significant correlation between CV and APRI. Conclusion: A measurement of SD can be a simple and useful method for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis.

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Evaluation on Reproducibility of Low-Dose Kidney Scan in Dynamic Kidney Scan (동적신장검사에서 저선량을 사용한 신장검사의 재현성 평가)

  • Lee, Jaesang;Lee, Kyuchan;Lee, Seunghwan;Bae, Seongbok;Park, Jongyeop
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2016
  • Purpose Dynamic kidney scan is a typical imaging technique that visualizes kidney function. Reproducibility of dynamic kidney scans has been evaluated by comparing low-dose kidney scans with low-dose radiopharmaceutical and standard dynamic kidney scan. With this comparative study, if reproducibility is superb, the dynamic kidney scan method with reduced radioactivity to patients is to be utilized and radiation exposure to patient is to be reduced. Materials and Methods For gamma camera, Orbiter, SymbiaE (Siemens, Germany) was used. Among patients who had used 370 Mbq (10 mCi) from January of 2013 to February 2014 and other patients who had used 185 Mbq (5 mCi) from March of 2014 to July of 2015 with identical condition, 21 subjects using DTPA and 20 subjects using $MAG_3$, 41 subjects in total, had been selected as subjects for data. From renogram of the result image, frame of the peak point was selected. Then, region of interest of kidney and background had been selected and Kidney to Background Ratio has been calculated for comparison. Results In tests using DTPA, kidney to background ratio when using 370 Mbq was $5.67{\pm}0.8$ at average while it was $5.62{\pm}0.87$ when using 185 Mbq, which didn't show much difference. Also in the tests using $MAG_3$, kidney to background ratio when using 370 Mbq was $14.95{\pm}2.58$ at average and $14.56{\pm}2.02$ in 185 Mbq, which neither showed much difference. In paired sample t-test, p-value was 0.566 in DTPA and 0.363 in $MAG_3$, which confirmed that there was no difference between the groups. Conclusion In identical patients, when dose was decreased from 370 Mbq to 185 Mbq, reproducibility of dynamic kidney scan was proven to be excellent. Low-dose Dynamic kidney scan can achieve results with fine reproducibility without improvement in performance of gamma camera and is expected to reduce radiation exposure to patient.

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Research on Changing of Renal Relative Uptake Depending on the Setting of Background ROI in Kidney MAG3 Study of Hydronephrosis Patients (Hydronephrosis 환자의 Kidney MAG3 검사 시 Background ROI 설정에 따른 신장 상대 섭취율 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Noh, Ik Sang;Ahn, Byung Ho;Kim, Soo Yung;Choi, Sung Wook
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: To evaluate kidney function, renal relative uptake is very important and is affected by kidney and the setting of background region of interest (ROI). In particular, in the case of patients with hydronephrosis to the naked eyes, such as size, position and shape etc. can be difficult to identify. So according to ROI to be set by user, the results are many differences. This study assumes the ROI of a constant kidney. According to the change of background ROI by analyzing renal relative uptake affect how the results are intended to study. Materials and Methods: From January 2012 to February 2013, we analyzed 27 patients with hydronephrosis who were examined MAG3 test in nuclear medicine department of Samsung medical center. After patients were received intravenous injection of $^{99m}Tc-MAG3$ 185 MBq (5 mCi) data were obtained. While we reconstructed images of patients, we've changed background ROI in the process of setting up ROI. First, in the process of renal processing, automatic ROI which set automatically and background ROI which needed to set manually were compared. Second, we set the ROI position separated by above, lateral and bottom of kidney. Third, background setting time were compared with 1-2 min and 2-3 min. Results: The relative uptake occurred in 3.7%p of the errors on average in Automatic & Manual ROI study. And comparison of background ROI position study, located in the lower position was more accurate results. Above, lateral, bottom each of the values 74.6%, 67.6% and 62.0% showed respectively. The standard value was 59.9%. finally, split function range test doesn't show significant difference. Conclusion: The study shows that relative uptake of kidney is affected in the background ROI. Therefore, it should be set by considering various dependent factors.

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Comparison of Clinical Features of 11 Korean Patients with Mucolipidosis II and III Including a Case of Mucolipidosis II with a Novel Mutation of GNPTAB (새로운 GNPTAB 유전자 돌연변이로 진단된 뮤코지방증 2형 1례를 포함한 국내 뮤코지방증 환자의 임상적 특징에 대한 분석)

  • Kim, Jinsup;Yang, Misun;Yang, Aram;Cho, Eun Hye;Park, Hyung-Doo;Sohn, Young Bae;Cho, Sung Yoon;Jin, Dong-Kyu
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.85-91
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and biochemical features as well as the molecular analysis of a newly diagnosed illustrative case with ML II and to analyze the clinical features of 11 Korean patients with ML II/III. Method: Including a newly diagnosed patient, total 11 patients in 10 families were diagnosed as ML II (n=7) or ML III (n=4) were enrolled in the study. A diagnosis of ML II or III was made by demonstrating increased lysosomal enzyme activities in the plasma and sequence analysis of GNPTAB with characteristic clinical features. Result: A illustrative case of ML II patient was a 17 month-old boy showing characteristic facial appearance, multiple joint contractures with cardiac involvements. The enzyme assay showed increased lysosomal enzyme activities in the plasma. We identified compound heterozygous mutations in GNPTAB sequence analysis, including a frameshift (c.3428dupA [pAsn1143Lysfs*3]) and a nonsense variant c.673C>T (p.Gln225*). In total 11 patients with ML II/III, the patients with ML II showed severe growth retardation (height standard deviation score -3.2 [${\pm}1.5$]), compare to patients with ML III. Furthermore, patients with ML II patients had serious cardiac problem (n=4), hepatomegaly (n=3) and underwent tracheostomy (n=3) with further respiratory support due to respiratory distress. To improve osteoporosis and bone pain, all patients with ML III and four of 7 patients with ML II treated with intravenous pamidronate. Conclusion: Here we showed a newly diagnosed case of ML II and clinical features of 11 Korean patients with ML II or III. These data could be helpful for further diagnosis of mucolipidosis, a rare inherited metabolic disease, in Korea.

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Midwives' Perceptions of the Importance of Teaching the Lamaze Method of Childbirth Preparation, Their Practice of it and Inhibiting Factors. (조산사의 라마즈 산전교육에 대한 중요성 인식과 수행정도 및 저해요인에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Gui-Nam;Cho, Mi-Young
    • 모자간호학회지
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.21-33
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    • 1992
  • This study was done to investigate how importantly midwives thought of Lamaze Method of Childbirth, how satisfactorily they performed their Lamaze Method of Childbirth and what inhibited their activities from being performed if not done satisfactorily. The subjects of this study were 76midwives at midwifery in Pusan, Deagu, Kyungnam and Kyungbok. Data were collected by using questionaire from Sep. 1 to Sep.30, 1991. The measurement tools was maded by the researcher based on Kim's scale for prenatal nursing activities. The statistical analysis was done with based statistical values likes frequencies, means, standard deviations and advanced methods such as Pearson's correlation coefficient, 1-test, F-test, F-test by using SPSS package program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows ; 1. The results of Investigating perception according to importance degree and performance degree of Lamaze Method of Childbring showed that midwives were slightly below both perception according to importance(2.17) and performance(2.16) of Lamaze Method of Childbirth 2. Inhibiting factors of Lamaze Method of Childbirth were abscence of husband(3.08), lack of teaching room(2.71), and lack of books or literature of Lamaze Method (2.58). 3. There appears to be a positive relation between perception according to importance degree and performance degree of Lamaze Method of Childbirth (r=0.69, P<0.01). There appears to be a negative relation between perception according to importance degree and inhibit factors of performance (r=-0.38, P<0.01). There appears to be a negative relation between performance and inhibit factors of performance (r=-0.22. P<0.01). 4. The item of highest perception defree in prenatal education is 1st, Consultation about sexual life (2.53), End, illustration of the importance of a bath and perinal cleanliness and Avoidance of excessive respiration method and also its comfortable application during uterine contractility(2.45). The item of lowest perception degree is about pregnant symptom sign and predicted date of birth (E.D.C.). On the other hand, The item of highest performance degree is education about nurtrition during pregnacy. 2nd, Illustration of the Importance of a bath and perineal cleanness(2.45). The lowest one is leaching the pregnant woman and her family about the role of husband and her family and also teaching the couple to learn exercise and respiration method (1.84). Though importance perception degree and performance degree is low. Midwives who wert subject in this research shoves that they perform general items concerning prenatal education well. 5. In the relationship between perception according to importance degree of Lamaze Method of Childbirth and the general characteristics of subjects, the differences in mean number of visiting pregnacies for 1 month. 6. In the relationship between performance degree of Lamaze Method of Childbirth and the general characteristics of subjects, the differences in age, marriage, and mean number of visiting pregnancies for 1 month. With the above information we see the importance of midwife prenatal care education and high correlation between performance degree and perception degree. When Lamaze prenatal education is well performed the number of pregnant woman who have follow-up, check-ups increase. Therefore in this research we can validity that there is a relation between Lamaze prenatal education and patient follow-up. This research showes in a situation where if one does not maximally perform a prenatal education there is a possibility that the popular use of midwife activities may encounter obstacles so the education to save new knowledge and training for prenatal education is needed as a function of Lamaze prenatal education, when a special Lamaze education is well performed for the pregnant woman, who follows-up at amidwife clinic. With the above conclusion we can suggest : 1. Continued research which minimized obstacles to Lamaze prenatal education is needed. 2. The official method of midwives is necessary.

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Study of Utilization of Dental High School and according to the Pain Experienced Dental Fear (고등학생의 치과이용실태와 통증 경험에 따른 치과공포에 대한 연구)

  • Jun, Bo-Hye;Choi, Young-Suk
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to study of utilization of dental high school and according to the pain experienced dental fear and anxiety. This survey was conducted on 370 high school students in Suwon from November 21 to 23, 2011. A total of 352 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The collected data was analyzed using the statistical package SPSS 15.0 using frequency, mean and standard deviation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's test correlation analysis and Stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results state that students feel fear and anxiety were feeling anesthetic needle ($3.19{\pm}1.43$), seeing anesthetic needle ($3.14{\pm}1.44$). We found that students feel more rear and anxiety from caries treatment than scaling. It influence that having dental fear with past dental pain experienced during dental treatment and also hearing dental treatment of pain from their family and friends. We found out that there are some influencing factors on dental fear and anxiety, gender, oral health condition, smoking, pain experienced during dental treatment. We need to care dental fear and anxiety continuously and have prevention program. We have to try understanding students have dental fear and anxiety. So it's better they have good experience visiting dental clinic. We should develop the system and specially treat well while they have dental treatment with anesthesia and some sharp instruments.