• Title/Summary/Keyword: Data mountain

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A Study on Realization of Mountain Search and Rescue System based on Ubiquitous Sensor Network - A Case Study of Kyeryongsan National Park - (Ubiquitous Sensor Network 기반 산악조난구조시스템 구현에 관한 연구 -계룡산국립공원을 중심으로-)

  • Sim, Kyu-won;Lee, Ju-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.96 no.1
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    • pp.70-76
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    • 2007
  • The main purpose of this study was to realize Mountain Search and Rescue System based on Ubiquitous Sensor Network for applying search and rescue operations in the mountains. The on-site survey was conducted in order to test the possibility of data reception rate and sensor network stability, ten nodes was installed on the trail at 100m intervals Unson waterfall to Kwanumbong in Kyeryongsan national park. The results showed that the data reception rate was over 90.0% at least. To test sensor network stability, nodes were randomly turned off one by on. The result was 100% functionality.

An Investigation of Synoptic Condition for Clear-Air Turbulence (CAT) Events Occurred over South Korea (한국에서 발생한 청천난류 사례에서 나타나는 종관규모 대기상태에 대한 연구)

  • Min, Jae-Sik;Chun, Hye-Yeong;Kim, Jung-Hoon
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.69-83
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    • 2011
  • The synoptic condition of clear-air turbulence (CAT) events occurred over South Korea is investigated, using the Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) data obtained from the Korea Meteorological Agency (KMA) and pilot reports (PIREPs) collected by Korea Aviation Meteorological Agency (KAMA) from 1 Dec. 2003 to 30 Nov. 2008. Throughout the years, strong subtropical jet stream exists over the South Korea, and the CAT events frequently occur in the upper-level frontal zone and subtropical jet stream regions where strong vertical wind shears locate. The probability of the moderate or greater (MOG)-level turbulence occurrence is higher in wintertime than in summertime, and high probability region is shifted northward across the jet stream in wintertime. We categorize the CAT events into three types according to their generation mechanisms: i) upper-level front and jet stream, ii) anticyclonically sheared and curved flows, and iii) breaking of mountain waves. Among 240 MOG-level CAT events reported during 2003-2008, 103 cases are related to jet stream while 73 cases and 25 cases are related to the anticyclonic shear flow and breaking of mountain wave, respectively.

An Adaptive Reclosing Scheme Based on the Classification of Fault Patterns in Power distribution System (사고 패턴 분류에 기초한 배전계통의 적응 재폐로방식)

  • Oh, Jung-Hwan;Kim, Jae-Chul;Yun, Sang-Yun
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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    • v.50 no.3
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    • pp.112-119
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    • 2001
  • This paper proposes an adaptive reclosing scheme which is based on the classification of fault patterns. In case that the first reclosing is unsuccessful in distribution system employing with two-shot reclosing scheme, the proposed method can determine whether the second reclosing will be attempted of not. If the first reclosing is unsuccessful two fault currents can be measured before the second reclosing is attempted, where these two fault currents are utilized for an adaptive reclosing scheme. Total harmonic distortion and RMS are used for extracting the characteristics of two fault currents. And the pattern of two fault currents is respectively classified using a mountain clustering method a minimum-distance classifier. Mountain clustering method searches the cluster centers using the acquired past data. And minimum-distance classifier is used for classifying the measured two currents into one of the searched centers respectively. If two currents have the different pattern it is interpreted as temporary fault. But in case of the same pattern, the occurred fault is interpreted as permanent. The proposed method was tested for the fault data which had been measured in KEPCO's distribution system, and the test results can demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive reclosing scheme.

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The relationship of dense molecular gas and HI/H2 gas in a MALATANG galaxy, NGC 6946

  • Poojon, Panomporn;Chung, Aeree;Lee, Bumhyun;Oh, Se-Heon;Tan, Qing-Hua;Gao, Yu;Sengupta, Chandreyee
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.76.3-76.3
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    • 2019
  • We present the results from our comparisons of HCN and HCO+ (J=4-3) with HI and $H_2$ gas in NGC 6946, a sample from a mapping study of the dense molecular gas in the strongest star-forming galaxies (MALATANG). The MALATANG is one of the JCMT legacy surveys on the nearest 23 IR-brightest galaxies beyond the Local Group, which aims to study the relations of dense molecular gas with more general cool gas such as atomic and molecular hydrogen gas, and star formation properties in active galaxies. In this work, we particularly focus on the comparisons between the JCMT HCN/HCO+ (J=4-3) data and the THINGS HI/the NRO CO (J=1-0) data. We probe the dense molecular gas mass as a function of HI and $H_2$ mass in different locations in the central ${\sim}1.5kpc^2$ region. We discuss how the excess/deficit of $HI/H_2$ or total cool gas ($HI+H_2$) mass controls the presence and/or the fraction of dense molecular gas.

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Hydraulic Relation of Discharge and Velocity in Small, Steep Mountain Streams Using the Salt-dilution Method (Salt-dilution 방법을 이용한 산지소하천의 유량과 유속 관계 분석)

  • Yang, Hyunje;Lee, Sung-Jae;Im, Sangjun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.107 no.2
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    • pp.158-165
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    • 2018
  • Reach-average velocity prediction in steep mountain streams is important for understanding fluvial processes and practical applications of erosion control in mountain streams. little studies have been conducted in reach-average velocity, but hydraulic researches have been carried out to examine the relationship between discharge and reach-average velocity in torrent reaches using a relatively large amount of discharge data. In this study, a total of 87 data were measured in 8 torrent reaches. Salt-dilution method was used to estimate discharge. Reach-average velocity was calculated from harmonic mean of travel time that were measured by salt-dilution technique. In order to exlpore the hydraulic relation, both discharge and velocity were non-dimensionalized by using $D_{50}$, $D_{84}$, ${\sigma}_{pro}$ and $IPR_{90}$. It also indicated that ${\sigma}_{pro}$ and $IPR_{90}$ were good variables as roughness height for develop the relationship between non-dimensional discharge and velocity in mountain streams. Generally, reach-average velocity could increase exponentially as discharge increases.

CHANGE DETECTION ANALYSIS OF FORESTED AREA IN THE TRANSITION ZONE AT HUSTAI NATIONAL PARK, CENTRAL MONGOLIA

  • Bayarsaikhan, Uudus;Boldgiv, Bazartseren;Kim, Kyung-Ryul;Park, Kyeng-Ae
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 2007.10a
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    • pp.426-429
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    • 2007
  • One of the widely used applications of remote sensing studies is environmental change detection and biodiversity conservation. The study area Hustai Mountain is situated in the transition zone between the Siberian taiga forest and Central Mongolian arid steppe. Hustai National Park carries out one of several reintroduction programs of takhi (wild horse or Equus ferus przewalskii) from various zoos in the world and it represents one of a few textbook examples of successful reintroduction of an animal extinct in the wild. In this paper we describe the results of an analysis on the change of remaining forest area over the 7-year period since Hustai Mountain was designated as a protected area for reintroduction to wild horses. Today the forested area covers approximately 5% of the Hustai National Park, mostly the north-facing slopes above 1400 m altitude. Birch (Betula platyphylla) and aspen (Populus tremula) trees are predominant in the forest. We used Landsat ETM+ images from two different years and multi temporal MODIS NDVI data. Land types were determined by supervised classification methods (Maximum Likelihood algorithm) verified with ground-truthing data and the Land Change Modeler (LCM) which was developed by Clark Labs. Forested area was classified into three different land types, namely the forest land, mountain meadow and mountain steppe. The study results illustrate that the remaining birch forest has rapidly changed to fragmented forest land and to open areas. Underlying causes for such a rapid change during the 15-year period may be manifold. However, the responsible factors appear to be the drying off and outbreak of forest pest species (such as gypsy moth or Lymantria dispar) in the area.

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Classification of Mountain-Village Areas by the Site Characteristics (입지적(立地的) 특성(特性)을 고려(考慮)한 산촌지역(山村地域)의 유형분류(類型分類)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Shon, Cheol Ho;Youn, Yeo-Chang
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.86 no.1
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    • pp.46-55
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    • 1997
  • This study tried to categorize the types of mountain-village areas in terms of some key variables representing the socio-economic and natural characteristics in order to provide basic information for policy formation of mountain areas. Cross-sectional data of the year 1990 for 900 sub-counties were collected to analyse the characteristics of mountain-village areas. Eleven variables were selected to classify the types of sub-county levels. According to the results of the study, the socio-economic conditions of mountain-village areas represented by the number of corporations, number of non-farming households, and population density of mountain-village areas were found to be inferior to other parts of the nation while the proportion of forest land, share of non-paddy crop fields, distance from cities, percentage of farming households, and elevation from the sea-level were higher to the other areas. By the principal factor analysis, the key variables representing industrial development, mountain-ousness, and accessibility from near cities were selected. By a cluster analysis employing the selected variables, 5 different types of mountain-village areas were categorized.

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Physician-staffed Helicopter Transport for Mountain-rescued Emergency Patients: a Pilot Trial (의사 탑승 헬기를 이용한 산악 응급 환자 이송: 시범 연구)

  • Park, Jeong Ho;Shin, Sang Do;Lee, Eui Jung;Park, Chang Bae;Lee, Yu Jin;Kim, Kyoung Soo;Park, Myoung Hee;Kim, Han Bum;Kim, Do Kyun;Kwon, Woon Yong;Kwak, Young Ho;Suh, Gil Joon
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.230-240
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: We aimed to compare the transport time, the proportion of direct hospital visit and the emergency procedures between the current mountain rescue helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) and physician-staffed mountain-rescue HEMS. Methods: During weekends from October 2, to November 21, 2010, 9 emergency physicians participated as HEMS staff in the mountain-rescue HEMS program of the Seoul fire department. Patient demographic data, transport time, proportion of direct hospital visits, and emergency procedures were recorded. We also collected data on HEMS mountain-rescued patients from June 1, to September 1, 2010, and we compared them to those for the study patients. After an eight-week trial of the HEMS, we performed a delphi survey to determine the attitude of the physician staff, as well as the feasibility of using a physician staff. Results: Twenty-four(24) patients were rescued from mountains by physician-staffed HEMS during the study period, and 35 patients were rescued during the pre-study period. Patient demographic findings were not statistically different between the two groups, but the transport time and the emergency procedures were. During the study period, the time from call to take-off was $6.1{\pm}4.1min$ (vs. $12.1{\pm}8.9min$ during the pre-study period, p-value=0.001), and the time from call to arrival at the scene was $15.0{\pm}4.8min$ (vs. $22.3{\pm}8.1min$ during the pre-study period, p-value=0.0001). The proportions of direct hospital visit were not different between the two groups, but more aggressive emergency procedures were implemented in the study group. The delphi survey showed positive agreement on indications for HEMS, rapidity of transport and overall satisfaction. Conclusion: A pilot trial of physician-staffed HEMS for mountain rescue showed rapid response and more aggressive performance of emergency procedures with high satisfaction among the attending physicians.

A Reconsideration on the Records on Doju Cho Jeongsan and His Family in Manchuria, China (조정산 도주 일가의 만주행록에 관한 재고찰)

  • Cui, Fenglong
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.26
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    • pp.215-253
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    • 2016
  • In 2007, according to the records, I made an on-the-spot survey of the place where Doju Cho Jeongsan and his family might have lived in exile in Manchuria and released a paper in which I decided that the site could be the Shuidongchun (village) of Luotongshanzhen in Liuhexian, Jilin Province. Thereafter, sponsored by the Doju Cho Jeongsan's Memorial Project from 2008 to 2013, many times, I carried out the field investigations and researches on Liuhexian, including the visits of the institutions which have the historical documents, in order to find the data related to the participation of him and his family in the anti-Japanese movement. I was, hence, able to reconfirm that the village had been the place of their exile, based on my collected data and the oral reports which the local historians and ethnic Korean elders had provided. In this study, using the historical documents and maps and the oral materials, I made an attempt to prove the historical truth thoroughly once again. First, the existing sources of Doju Cho and his family's settling in Manchuria from March 1909 to 1917, were carefully analyzed which were described in The Jin-gyeong. In doing so, the misspelling of the names and the spatio-temporal errors of the people's activities were corrected. Next, I researched on another town, Shuitungou of Liuhexian in Fengtian Province (in West Gando of Manchuria), which it is known that Doju and his family stayed in, and the Laogushan (mountain), which it is believed that Doju cultivated himself in. Finally, through the attempt, I reached the conclusion that Doju and his family had settled at Shuidongchun (once called Shuidonggou or Shuitongchun) of Luotongshanzhen (once called Datonggou) in Liuhexian, Jilin Province. In the Liuhexian-related documents and maps published in the eras of Republican China and Manchuria, the place name called Shuitungou was not found. However, I discovered a map in the era of Republican China on which Shuitongchun was recorded as Shuidonggou. In addition, considering the administration system of Republic China, tun(屯) and gou(溝) could not be used together in the place names. Accordingly, Shuitungou was more likely misspelled as Korean people in those days mispronounced Shuidonggou. Furthermore, people in China has habitually called the Dagushan(大孤山), located in the north of Gushanzizhen of Liuhexian, as the Laogushan(老孤山). This means that the Korean people who lived in the area then perhaps recorded the mountain as the Nogosan(老姑山), the mountain of the old goddess, according to Korean enunciation, because they had the custom of worshipping the mountain goddess. I tried my best to find the historical documents regarding Doju and his family's anti-Japanese activities to prove the location of exile in which they settled in northeastern China (Manchuria). However, I was not able to reach the initial goal completely due to the shortage of objective evidences, only to leave tasks to be solved. I hope that this study can give a little help to researchers who are interested in this matter.

A wireless high-frequency anemometer instrumentation system for field measurements

  • Huang, Guoqing;Peng, Liuliu;Su, Yanwen;Liao, Haili;Li, Mingshui
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.739-749
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    • 2015
  • Field measurement of wind characteristics is of great significance for the wind engineering community. High-frequency anemometers such as ultrasonic anemometers are widely used to obtain the high-frequency fluctuating wind speed time history. However, conventional instrumentation systems may suffer from low efficiency, non-real time transmission and higher maintenance cost, and thus are not very appropriate in the field measurement of strong winds in remote areas such as mountain valleys. In order to improve the field measurement performance in those remote areas, a wireless high-frequency anemometer instrumentation system for field measurement has been developed. In this paper, the architecture of the proposed instrumentation system, and measured data transmission and treatment will be presented firstly. Then a comparison among existing instrumentation systems and the proposed one is made. It shows that the newly-developed system has considerable advantages. Furthermore, the application of this system to the bridge site located in the mountain valley is discussed. Finally, typical samples of measured data from this area are presented. It can be expected that the proposed system has a great application potential in the wind field measurement for remote areas such as the mountainous or island or coastal area, and hazardous structures such as ultra-voltage transmission tower, due to its real-time transmission, low cost and no manual collection of data and convenience.