• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.645-648
• /
• 2009

According to development of Information Technology and generalization of internet, practical use field of geography information became various. Therefor various Geographic Information System (GIS) constructed to manage geography information efficiently. However, geography information data of various form is depending on graphic authorizing tool of various form being not normalized each other. So, OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) proposed GML (Geography Markup Language) that describe normalized geography information data that can apply mutually and W3C proposed SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) of vector base. In this paper creates GML data of XML base for geography information data processing to vector graphic object. and design and implementation of GML document editing and translation system that define code converter that create GML document through created graphic objects and change vector graphic to logic structure of XML base.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2009

Flash memory is widely used as a storage medium of mobile devices such as MP3 players, cellular phones and digital cameras due to its tiny size, low power consumption and shock resistant characteristics. Currently, there are many studies to replace HDD with flash memory because of its numerous strong points. To use flash memory as a storage medium, FTL(Flash Translation Layer) is required since flash memory has erase-before-write constraints and sizes of read/write unit and erase unit are different from each other. Recently, new type of flash memory called "large block flash memory" is introduced. The large block flash memory has different physical structure and characteristics from previous flash memory. So existing FTLs are not efficiently operated on large block flash memory. In this paper, we propose an efficient FTL for large block flash memory based on FAST(Fully Associative Sector Translation) scheme and page-level mapping on data blocks.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2006

This paper presents a new approach to translation and rotation invariant feature extraction for image texture retrieval. For the rotation invariant feature extraction, we invent angular projection along angular frequency in Polar coordinate system. The translation and rotation invariant feature vector for representing texture images is constructed by the averaged magnitude and the standard deviations of the magnitude of the Fourier transform spectrum obtained by the proposed angular projection. In order to easily implement the angular projection, the Radon transform is employed to obtain the Fourier transform spectrum of images in the Polar coordinate system. Then, angular projection is applied to extract the feature vector. We present our experimental results to show the robustness against the image rotation and the discriminatory capability for different texture images using MPEG-7 data set. Our Experiment result shows that the proposed rotation and translation invariant feature vector is effective in retrieval performance for the texture images with homogeneity, isotropy and local directionality.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.45
• /
• pp.55-83
• /
• 2016

To provide a set of data with which instructors may boost the sagging demand for Anglo-American poetry classes, this thesis classifies the kinds of difficulties the students face in reading English poems. Asses to the classification is an analysis on the causes of the difficulties at different levels of the reading process, from the linguistic to the cultural. Arnoldian insight argues that poetry is the best of all forms of writing. Without an ample exposure to poetry, average English majors would barely sharpen the skills that they use to deal with other kinds of writing. To help ease the continuing need for a workable teaching model in English poetry reading classes, this thesis suggests focusing on the kinds of wrong translations produced by the students. According to the theory of cultural translation, any translation, even the wrong kind, is already a product of a very complicated process of interpretation that involves many cultural factors. With the analysis of these factors discovered in Korean college English reading classes, this thesis tries to explain the mechanisms through which wrong translations are produced, since these inevitably lead to wrong interpretations of given poetic texts.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 2021

Automatic Post Editing(APE) is the study that automatically correcting errors included in the machine translated sentences. The goal of APE task is to generate error correcting models that improve translation quality, regardless of the translation system. For training these models, source sentence, machine translation, and post edit, which is manually edited by human translator, are utilized. Especially in the recent APE research, multilingual pretrained language models are being adopted, prior to the training by APE data. This study deals with multilingual pretrained language models adopted to the latest APE researches, and the specific application method for each APE study. Furthermore, based on the current research trend, we propose future research directions utilizing translation model or mBART model.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
• /
• v.10 no.9
• /
• pp.916-921
• /
• 1997

In this study Characteristics of 3-D underwater object recognition independent of translation using the self-made ultrasonic sensor fabricated with porous piezoelectric resonator and presented. The sensor was satisfied with requirement of ultrasonic sensor. The recognition rates for the training data and the testing data are 97.45 and 91.25[%] respectively using the self-made ultrasonic sensor and SCL(Simple Competitive Learning) neural network. According to the experimental results It is believed that the self-made ultrasonic sensor can be applied as sensor of SONAR system.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2018

Objective : This study aimed to perform a translation, backward translation, item modification, and test of content validity for Korean version of Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP). Methods : Professors in department of occupational therapy, translators, or occupational therapists participated in the processes of translation, comparison and synthesis I, backward translation, comparison and synthesis II, test of understanding, and modify of items. Content Validity Indices (CVI) was calculated for data analysis by using Microsoft Office Excel. Results : Results of comparison between the original MAP and Korean MAP in professor panels were mean $3.66{\pm}0.40$, item-level CVI (I-CVI) 0.94, and overal scale CVI (S-CVI) 0.83. In agreement, result of comparison between of the original MAP and backward translated MAP (version English) was mean 3.14. The erroneous content was omission 13 times, the addition 3 times, the substitution 6 times, erroneous terms 11 times, and reordering 6 times. Average of understanding test in the therapist panels was $3.66{\pm}0.27$. The agreements were I-CVI 0.93 and S-CVI 0.58. Conclusion : Using assessment tools that developed in another country is important to do test of content validity and systematic translation process in Korea. For developing Korean version of MAP, validity and reliability studies need to be followed in near future.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.118-126
• /
• 1996

Memory hierarchy is a useful mechanism for improving the memory access speed and making the program space larger by layering the memories and separating program spaces from memory spaces. However, it needs at least two memory accesses for each data reference : a TLB(Translation Lookaside Buffer) access for the address translation and a data cache access for the desired data. If the cache size increases to the multiplication of page size and the cache associativity, it is difficult to access the TLB with the cache in parallel, thereby making longer the critical timing path in the processor. To achieve such parallel accesses, we present the hybrid mapped TLB which combines a direct mapped TLB with a very small fully-associative mapped TLB. The former can reduce the TLB access time. while the latter removes the conflict misses from the former. The trace-driven simulation shows that under given workloads the proposed TLB is effective even when a fully-associative mapped TLB with only four entries is added because the effects of its increased misses are offset by its speed benefits.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.11C no.5
• /
• pp.683-688
• /
• 2004

NAT is a very useful IP address translation technique that allows two connected networks using different and incompatible IP address schemes. But it is impractical to use NAT for an application which uses the encrypted IP packet, embedding IP addresses inside of data payloads, to guarantee End-to-End Security such as IPSec. In addition to rewriting the source/destination IP addresses in the packet, NAT must modify IP checksum every time, which could lead to considerable performance decrease of the overall system in the process of the address translation. RSIP is an alternative to solve these disadvantages of NAT and the address shortage problems. Both NAT and RSIP divide networks into inside and outside addressing realms. NAT translates addresses between internal network and external network, but RSIP uses a borrowed external address for outside communications. RSIP server assigns a routable public address to a RSIP client temporarily to communicate with public net-work outside of the private network. In this paper, RSIP gateway for intranet environment is designed and its performance is evaluated. From the results of performance evaluation, we knew that RSIP is operated less sensitive to the data traffic. Also, the experiment shows that RSIP performs better than NAT when the transmission data grows larger.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2015

Objectives: Intrahepatic recurrence is the major cause of death among patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative surgical resection. Several approaches have been reported to decrease the recurrence rate. The objective of our study was to compare the clinical effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with interferon-alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$) therapy on recurrence after hepatic resection in patients with HBV-related HCC with that of TACE chemotherapy alone. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from 228 patients who were diagnosed with HBV-related HCC and underwent curative resection between January 2001 to December 2008. The patients were divided into TACE (n = 126) and TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ (n = 102) groups for postoperative chemotherapy. The TACE regimen consisted of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (DDP), and the emulsion mixed with mitomycin C (MMC) and lipiodol. The recurrence rates, disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and risk of recurrence were evaluated. Results: The clinicopathological parameters and adverse effects were similar between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The median OS for the TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ group (36.3 months) was significantly longer than that of the TACE group (24.5 months, P < 0.05). The 3-and 5-year OS for the TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ group were significantly longer than those of the TACE group (P < 0.05) and the recurrence rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The TACE and IFN-${\alpha}$ combination therapy, active hepatitis HBV infection, the number of tumor nodules, microvascular invasion, liver cirrhosis, and the BCLC stage were independent predictors of OS and DFS. Conclusions: The use of the TACE and IFN-${\alpha}$ combination chemotherapy after curative hepatic resection safely and effectively improves OS and decreases recurrence in patients with HBV-related HCC who are at high risk. Our findings can serve as a guide for the selection of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with HBV-related HCC who are at high risk of recurrence.