• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.171-181
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• 2021

This study tried to derive improvement measures by identifying the perceptions of industrial college instructors and learners in the technology convergence sector, where various technologies are combined, as distance education at colleges are prolonged due to COVID-19 and difficulties for instructors and learners continue. To this end, an online survey was conducted on automobile professors and students at the end of the second semester of 2020. As a result of the survey analysis, it was found that professors and students had similar perceptions about the advantages of online classes, such as freedom of time and space, repeatable learning, and recycling. In terms of difficulties, it was found that students felt a decrease in learning immersion due to a lack of sense of presence, and both professors and students felt the difficulty of interaction relatively large. This study is meaningful in that it prepares suggestions and basic data on college policy support for online education at industrial colleges during and after COVID-19.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2021

Most of the rural development projects for the welfare of residents are mainly new construction and remodeling projects for community buildings such as village halls and senior citizens. However, in the case of the construction industry, it has been studied that 23% of the total carbon dioxide emissions generated in Korea are generated in the building-related sector. (GGIC, 2015) In order to reduce the emission of environmental pollutants resulting from construction of rural community buildings, there is a need to establish a system for rural buildings by predicting the environmental impact. As a result of this study, the emissions of air pollutants from buildings in rural communities were analyzed by dividing into seven stages: material production, construction, operation, maintenance, demolition, recycling, and transportation activities related to disposal. As a result, 12 kg of carbon dioxide (CO), 0.06 kg of carbon monoxide (CO), 0.02 kg of methane (CH), 0.04 kg of nitrogen oxides (NO), 0.02 kg of sulfurous acid gas (SO), and non-methane volatile organics per 1m of buildings in rural communities It was analyzed that 0.02 kg of compound (NMVOC) and 0.00011 kg of nitrous oxide (NO) were released. This study proved that environmentally friendly design is possible with a quantitative methodology for the comparison of operating energy and air pollutant emissions through the design specification change based on the statement of the rural community building. It is considered that it can function as basic data for further research by collecting major structural changes and materials of rural community buildings.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

In marine ecosystems, the biosynthesis and catabolism of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by marine bacteria is critical to microbial survival and the ocean food chain. Furthermore, these processes also influence sulfur recycling and climate change. Recent studies using emerging genome sequencing data and extensive bioinformatics analysis have enabled us to identify new DMSP-related genes. Currently, seven bacterial DMSP lyases (DddD, DddP, DddY, DddK, DddL, DddQ and DddW), two acrylate degrading enzymes (DddA and DddC), and four demethylases (DmdA, DmdB, DmdC, and DmdD) have been identified and characterized in diverse marine bacteria. In this review, we focus on the biochemical properties of DMSP cleavage enzymes with special attention to DddD, DddA, and DddC pathways. These three enzymes function in the production of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) and CO₂ from DMSP. DddD is a DMSP lyase that converts DMSP to 3-hydroxypropionate with the release of dimethylsulfide. 3-Hydroxypropionate is then converted to malonate semialdehyde by DddA, an alcohol dehydrogenase. Then, DddC transforms malonate semialdehyde to acetyl-CoA and CO₂ gas. DddC is a putative methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase that requires nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and CoA cofactors. Here we review recent insights into the structural characteristics of these enzymes and the molecular events of DMSP degradation.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2021

To solve environmental problems, research and efforts are required to reduce leather waste that is generated in large quantities during the leather manufacturing process. Leatherboard is a plate-like material that is made by crushing leather waste, such as trimming or shaving scraps and mixing fibers, pulp, rubber, and adhesives. The aim of this study is to provide basic data on the localization of leatherboard manufacturing technology for outsoles, which are increasingly in demand due to their excellent performance and price competitiveness. Interviews with experts and related organizations were conducted to investigate the related global technology trends. Also, the performance of three products that can be used as reference materials were evaluated and compared. As part of the research and efforts to reduce the amount of leather waste generated, high-performance materials using leather waste were developed and commercialized by major western companies. In Korea, various efforts have been made since 2000, and some companies have produced leatherboard for interior uses. However, the amount of waste recycled relative to that generated is not large due to the limited demand. Natural leather soles perform better than leatherboard soles in all evaluation aspects. In the case of leatherboard, performance varied by manufacturer. German products showed flexibility resistance and dimensional stability, thereby meeting performance requirements. However, abrasion resistance and cleavage resistance were slightly below the required performance standards, and research and development is needed to improve performance in those areas. Currently, it is impossible to evaluate the performance of domestic products due to underdevelopment. However, if the development of process technology continues based on the performance evaluation results of the best leatherboard in the shoe industry, materials for outsoles will be able to be produced domestically with prices competitiveness while realizing natural leather materials performance to some extent.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 2021

Background: Herbicides such as glyphosate, paraquat, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid have been reported to cause adverse side effects through production of reactive oxygen species. However, there were no data representing the adverse effects of a mixture herbicide usage in farmers, especially the changes in oxidative marker and antioxidant defense. This study aimed to determine the urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) level in farmers using mixed herbicides. Methods: Ninety-three farmers were recruited, and two spot urine samples (before and after work) were collected. The urinary MDA level was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay, and the urinary GSH level was determined using the enzymatic recycling method. Results: Sixty-two percent of the participants were men, and 59% of the participants worked in a farm for 20-40 years. The common combinations of herbicide usage were glyphosate with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (36.5%). There was no significant difference between pre- and post-work urinary MDA and GSH levels among the 3 groups of herbicides. However, the urinary MDA levels in farmers using the combination of glyphosate and paraquat were significantly higher than those found in farmers using glyphosate alone. The associated factors with changes in MDA levels found that the exposure intensity index (B = 0.154), the cumulative exposure intensity index (B = 0.023), and wearing gloves while working (B = -2.347) were found to be significantly associated with MDA level. Conclusion: The results suggest that the combined use of glyphosate and paraquat caused a significant increase in urinary MDA levels. Moreover, intensity of exposure to herbicide and wearing gloves were associated with the level of MDA.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

In this study, a real-sized experimental equipment (pilot plant) was built at the site based on the preliminary research data to develop a movable separator for the mixed construction waste that can be implemented in agricultural areas to review its feasibility through the evaluation of its separation efficiency by waste types. The final construction of the movable separator and experimental results of the separation efficiency are summarized as follows. 1) The separation performance according to the blade type was the best for the combustible wastes either with 26 numbers of L-type blades and 32 numbers of pin type blades. As far as combination of blade types, when the L-type and pin-type were combined, the best separation efficiency was achieved. 2) The separation efficiency for waste wood by the conveyor type and angle of inclination (slope) of the trommel was the best when the conveyor had ribs of seagull shape with the angle of inclination 45°. 3) The separation efficiencies by process showed that 65.9% was separated as inorganic demolition wastes, 18.2% as waste woods, and 16.0% as combustible wastes at conveyor speed of 2-3 rpm, and the error rate was the least from the waste types generated in the dismantle site.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2022

The government introduced a waste disposal share system to reduce the annual increase in construction waste and to increase the recycling rate. As a result, the cost of waste treatment by public institutions is growing inevitably, causing disagreements and disputes between the public owner and the construction waste treatment company. They are also arguing for an increase in construction waste disposal costs. Therefore, in this study, an on-site survey was conducted to identify the current construction waste management problems and to find improvements. The survey was conducted for supervisors of public institutions, construction companies, and those related to waste treatment companies. The survey results were analyzed by dividing the construction waste management, regulations, treatment cost, and treatment method. The results of this study were used as primary data for changes in the construction waste guidelines and waste treatment costs of public institutions.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.779-798
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to propose the direction of veganism-based fashion design in environmental and animal protection through the theoretical consideration of vegan fashion and the analysis of the practical design characteristics of veganism in Stella McCartney's fashion. The research was conducted through literature research and case studies. After investigating the concept and characteristics of vegan fashion, focusing on previous studies and various fashion-related Internet data, Stella McCartney's fashion was examined with particular attention on vegan characteristics. The results of the study are as follows: First, imitative nature pursues animal and environmental protection, but the motif or appearance is a characteristic of pursuing a multi-purpose design that imitates animals and nature. Second, expression of value is based on slow fashion, simplicity, and sustainable minimal design. It is expressed indirectly by pursuing permanence, simplicity, and long-wearable design, or directly expressing vegan values through phrases expressed in performances or costumes in the collection. Third, alternative eco-friendliness is characterized by using cruelties-free materials such as faux fur, recycling materials, new bio-materials, and regenerated materials. These vegan characteristics are comprehensively and organically expressed in the works of the collection, and through this, sustainable and eco-friendly vegan fashion is pursued. It is anticipated that by deriving the vegan fashion characteristics of Stella McCartney, who represents vegan fashion, it will be possible to provide the basis for practical direction and design methods for fashion brands aiming for vegan fashion styles.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.51-56
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• 2022

With the development of industrialization, the amount of food and waste is rapidly increasing. Accordingly, the government is aware of the seriousness and is making efforts in various ways to reduce it. As a part of that, the volume-based food system was introduced, and although there were several trials and errors at the beginning of the introduction, it shows a reduction effect of 20 to 30%. These results suggest that the volume-based food system is being established. However, the waste is caused by foreign substances in the process of recycling resources by collecting them from the 1st collection to the 2nd collection process. Therefore, in this study, to solve these problems fundamentally, artificial intelligence is applied to classify foreign substances and improve them. Due to the nature of food waste, there is a limit to obtaining many images, so we compare several models based on CNNs and classify them as abnormal data, that is, CNN-based models are trained on various types of foreign substances, and then models with high accuracy are selected. We intend to prepare improvement measures for maintenance, such as manpower input to protect equipment and classify foreign substances by applying it.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.113-120
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• 2023

Smart farms are steadily increasing in research to minimize labor, energy, and quantity put into crops as IoT technology and artificial intelligence technology are combined. However, research on efficiently managing crop growth information in smart farms has been insufficient to date. In this paper, we propose a management technique that can efficiently monitor crop growth information by applying autonomous sensors to smart farms. The proposed technique focuses on collecting crop growth information through autonomous sensors and then recycling the growth information to crop cultivation. In particular, the proposed technique allocates crop growth information to one slot and then weights each crop to perform load balancing, minimizing interference between crop growth information. In addition, when processing crop growth information in four stages (sensing detection stage, sensing transmission stage, application processing stage, data management stage, etc.), the proposed technique computerizes important crop management points in real time, so an immediate warning system works outside of the management criteria. As a result of the performance evaluation, the accuracy of the autonomous sensor was improved by 22.9% on average compared to the existing technique, and the efficiency was improved by 16.4% on average compared to the existing technique.