• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.53-67
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• 2002

The multimedia synchronization is one of the key issues to be resolved in order to provide a good quality of multimedia related services, such as Video on Demands(VoD), Lecture on Demands(LoD), and tele-conferences. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive multimedia synchronization algorithm using the level of buffers and load of servers, which are modeled and analyzed by ExSpect, a Petri net based simulation tool. In the proposed algorithm, the audio and video buffers are divided to 5 different levels, and the pre-defined play-out speed controller tries to make the buffer level to be normal in different temporal relations between multimedia streams using buffer levels and server loads. Because each multimedia packet is played by the pre-defined play-out speed, the media data can be reproduced within the permissible limit of errors while preserving the level of buffers to be normal. The proposed algorithm is able to handle and support various communication restrictions between providers and users, and offers little jitter play-out to many users in networks with the limited transmission capability. The performance of the developed algorithm is analyzed in various network conditions using a Petri net simulation tool.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1029-1040
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• 2013

This study aims to develop a multivariate daily rainfall simulation model considering spatial coherence across watershed. The existing Hidden Markov Model (HMM) has been mainly applied to single site case so that the spatial coherences are not properly addressed. In this regard, HMM coupled with Chow-Liu Tree (CLT) that is designed to consider inter-dependences across rainfall networks was proposed. The proposed approach is applied to Han-River watershed where long-term and reliable hydrologic data is available, and a rigorous validation is finally conducted to verify the model's capability. It was found that the proposed model showed better performance in terms of reproducing daily rainfall statistics as well as seasonal rainfall statistics. Also, correlation matrix across stations for observation and simulation was compared and examined. It was confirmed that the spatial coherence was well reproduced via CLT-HMM model.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to contribute to the idea of creative design by presenting nail art designs in which neo pop art converges with nail art techniques. For this purpose, this study analysed the artistic worlds of Jean Michel Basquiat and Takashi Murakami as representative artists of neo pop art and used examples of their art as motivation based on Internet data and relevant books. Also this study analysed the concept and expressive techniques used in nail art, and for the nail art techniques of: hand painting, see-through, etching, nail patches, 3D, and airbrushing in order to create six nail art designs using artistic works by three artists as motivation. Based on this, this study presented creative and unique nail designs with artistic works by neo pop artists as motivation. It is hoped that this study will contribute to further use of characteristic and diverse nail designs and is helpful in promoting the capability of nail artists and activate the nail art scene. It is expected that research on nail art design will be expanded and developed through convergence with diverse design areas in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-31
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• 2003

The water quality environment in Youngsan and Seumjin river basins was investigated based on the concept of the comprehensive Water Quality Index (WQI) and a spacial pollution source. Artificial factors influencing to river water quality have been analyzed. The specific delivery load of Youngsan river basin was found to be 8.34~97.25 kg/day/$\textrm{km}^2$, Gomagwon stream and Gwangju stream showed the relatively high rates as 97.25 kg/day/$\textrm{km}^2$ and 86.06 kg/day/$\textrm{km}^2$, respectively. The specific delivery load in Seumjin river basin was estimated to be 10.98∼19.51 kg/day/$\textrm{km}^2$, Suggesting no Significant Contribution of pollution. WQI of Youngsan watershed revealed 1.36~3.45, whereas Seumjin watershed showed a relatively low value of 0.5~1.47 And it is concluded that the specific delivery load suggested in this study provides the essential core data of the upper limit of pollutants receptor in the watershed area studied. From this study, it is suggested that the integrated environmental management of river basin requires the analysis of pollutants generation rate of the basin and the receptor capability for the self-purification.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.193-198
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• 2010

This study aimed at presenting the improvement plan for estimation of the repair and replacement cycle to analyze these current problems by considering the repair and replacement cycle theoretically and examining estimation status of home and abroad, and then drawing implication and problem based on brainstorming and expert opinion. The findings of a study is as follows. First, the problem is, for the domestic, that there is no clear standard of division to the cycle of repair and replacement and the repair and replacement cycle considering capability to deal with the change by construction method, development of the function of material and the number of years of progress is not being applied. That is, an estimation of economical repair and replacement cycle which considers the case that a large scale repair with the level of remodeling is done between 25 years and 35 years is necessary. For estimating the repair and replacement cycle, foreign country is providing this according to the use or the level of function of a building, but it is not the case for the domestic. A characteristic of each building should be reflected and the standard of estimation of the repair and replacement cycle to new construction material or method should be prepared to improve this. In addition, the method of classification of the subject item for the repair and replacement is necessary to be reorganized to be able to apply the standard of initial construction item of a building. Also, it is considered that a service standard which can reset the repair and replacement cycle based on status of a building with escape from the existing definite setup of the repair and replacement cycle through the management of background data of the repair and replacement is going to be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-203
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to reveal the difference of teacher-child interaction in relation to professionalism awareness and sensitivity level of early childhood teachers. To this end, we used professionalism awareness, sensitivity, teacher-child interaction as parameters for 226 early childhood teachers in Jeonbuk province. Here are the results : First, we investigated the difference of professionalism awareness, sensitivity, teacher-child interaction in relation to the background of early childhood teachers, and it differs by the age, career, educational level of the teachers. Second, we made group comparison to see the difference of teacher-child interaction depending on professionalism awareness level of teachers, and teachers with high professionalism awareness showed meaningfully higher emotional, verbal, behavioral interaction level than lower group. Third, we made group comparison to see the difference of teacher-child interaction depending on sensitivity level, and teachers of high sensitivity shows meaningfully higher emotional, verbal interaction than lower group. This result could be potential data to ameliorate the quality of teacher-child interaction, and it implies that the improvement of professionalism and sensitivity level could contribute to professional performance capability of teachers.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-60
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• 2016

The major objective of this study was to develop further understanding of 3D nearshore hydrodynamics under a variety of wave and tidal forcing conditions. The main tool used was a comprehensive 3D numerical model - combining the flow module of Delft3D with the WAVE solver of XBeach - of nearshore hydro- and morphodynamics that can simulate flow, sediment transport, and morphological evolution. Surf-swash zone hydrodynamics were modeled using the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, combined with various turbulence models (${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$, ${\kappa}-L$, ATM and H-LES). Sediment transport and resulting foreshore profile changes were approximated using different sediment transport relations that consider both bed- and suspended-load transport of non-cohesive sediments. The numerical set-up was tested against field data, with good agreement found. Different numerical experiments under a range of bed characteristics and incident wave and tidal conditions were run to test the model's capability to reproduce 3D flow, wave propagation, sediment transport and morphodynamics in the nearshore at the field scale. The results were interpreted according to existing understanding of surf and swash zone processes. Our numerical experiments confirm that the angle between the crest line of the approaching wave and the shoreline defines the direction and strength of the longshore current, while the longshore current velocity varies across the nearshore zone. The model simulates the undertow, hydraulic cell and rip-current patterns generated by radiation stresses and longshore variability in wave heights. Numerical results show that a non-uniform seabed is crucial for generation of rip currents in the nearshore (when bed slope is uniform, rips are not generated). Increasing the wave height increases the peaks of eddy viscosity and TKE (turbulent kinetic energy), while increasing the tidal amplitude reduces these peaks. Wave and tide interaction has most striking effects on the foreshore profile with the formation of the intertidal bar. High values of eddy viscosity, TKE and wave set-up are spread offshore for coarser grain sizes. Beach profile steepness modifies the nearshore circulation pattern, significantly enhancing the vertical component of the flow. The local recirculation within the longshore current in the inshore region causes a transient offshore shift and strengthening of the longshore current. Overall, the analysis shows that, with reasonable hypotheses, it is possible to simulate the nearshore hydrodynamics subjected to oceanic forcing, consistent with existing understanding of this area. Part II of this work presents 3D nearshore morphodynamics induced by the tides and waves.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

Abstract Monitoring is the most critical element in implementing "forest carbon offset project" to enhance the visibility of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) in North Korea. This study is intended to explore monitoring potential in terms of forest carbon offset project using satellite image for Baekdu mountain of North Korea. The permanent record of standard satellite remote sensing system demonstrated its capability of presenting area-wide visual evidences of monitoring conditions in Mt. Baekdu mountain of North Korea (site suitability, carbon stock by forest biomass growth, carbon emission by forest biomass loss, deforestation and degradation, environmental, social and economic impact specified in the Carbon Sequestration Law). It doesn't seem very difficult to comply with monitoring requirements for "the forest carbon offset project" due to the probative value of satellite data. Therefore, it could be considerable or realistic approach to utilize CSR based forest carbon offset project as a point of reform and open-door in North Korea. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference for Korea-based enterprises to ensure monitoring potentials using satellite image in exploring forest carbon offset project sites in North Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.335-349
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• 2004

Recently, there is change the environment of education due to development of Science Technology Specially, As education information on web increased by internet, using education web data by mean of medium that aids learning by computer. Also It studied method that used the Computer as learning medium through the CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction), ICAI(Intelligent CAI), and ITS(Intelligent Tutoring System). But legacy system are not support efficient method that learns to vary learner suitable learning method by individual level. Specially It is not suitable the education course to direct current course of education, and not consider different of student capability, aptitude, need, interesting, not maximized the individual growable power and effect of education. To solve the this problem, our paper suggest the web-based self-directed MITS(Multimedia ITS) that supply the needed the information on web, make the environment that can self-directed learning. To maximized effect of individual learning, our paper structured coursed, characterized, related learning contents in region of numeral at mathematics of primary school. And then integrated contents and class, design and implement the web-based MITS that consist of 4 module to escape from limitation of learner grade, learning time, learning place.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.141-153
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• 2016

This study estimates the productivity change of pharmaceutical industry and decompose the change into technical efficiency change and technological change to explore ways to improve the productive efficiency. Unlike most previous studies, this study employs the non-radial and non-oriented slacks-based Malmquist productivity index which can deals directly with the input excesses and output shortfalls. In addition a smoothed bootstrap method is applied to estimate statistical confidence intervals for the Malmquist Index and its components. For the empirical analysis a balanced panel data set is constructed covering ten years over the period from 2005 to 2014. The input variables used in this study are number of workers, tangible assets and major production cost. The gross production is selected as a main output variable. The empirical results suggest that the productivity of pharmaceutical industry has decreased due mainly to decline in the technological progress rather than improvements in technical efficiency. An analysis result shows that the scale efficiency outweighs the pure efficiency in determining the technical efficiency of pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, in order to enhance the competitiveness of domestic pharmaceutical industry, it is important to continue supporting policies to promote the technology innovation capability through efficient R&D investment and industry reform strategy.