• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.984-999
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• 2013

This research examines the interrelation of clothes, colors and sentiments based on clothes and colors that stimulate sentiment. This study provides data that is useful to color therapy by means of clothes as medium. The survey for this study targeted 200 Pusan National University students who analyzed the colors of association and clothes colors for nine positive vocabularies (passion, love, warmth, happiness, interest, softness, comfortable, freshness, and coolness) and six negative vocabularies (anger, fear, despair, nervous, gloomy, and loneliness). The data collection process used 120 standard colors as represented by Munsell's basic 10 colors (R, YR, Y, GY, G, BG, B, PB, P, RP) as chromatic colors classified into eleven tones of colors (V, S, B, P, VP, LGR, GR, L, DL, DP, DK) and achromatic colors divided into ten steps of brightness N1-N10. The results of the research are as follows. First, the warm class of colors were significant in the colors of association with positive sentiment and the cold class of colors were significant in the sentiment of refreshment and coolness. In addition, bright and clear colors (like V, S, VP, P) were associated with color tones. Second, the low bright achromatic colors were generally high for the colors of association with negative sentiment; in addition, the color of R, PB, P (as achromatic colors) were also significant. In addition, sober and dark tones (like GR, DL, DK, DP) were significant in color tones. Third, the interrelation between positive sentiment and clothes colors shows that colors of association were mainly used for upper garment colors. Similar colors against upper garments were used together for bottom garment achromatic colors and complementary colors; therefore, bottom garments play a subsidiary role in the concept of coordination with upper garments.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.809-814
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• 2005

Gibberellins (GAs) play an important role in plant growth and development. Fifteen fungi were isolated from Physalis alkekengi var francheti plant roots, and among them, four isolates showed GA-production activity. A bioassay using waito-c rice was carried out with the culture fluid of the GA-producing fungi. The GA-producing fungi were cultured for 7 days in Czapek's liquid medium at $30^{\circ}C$, 120 rpm, under dark conditions. The culture broth was concentrated 30-fold and 10 ${\mu}l$ of that concentrate was applied to 2-leaf rice sprouts. The height of the rice seedlings treated with the culture fluid of isolate PA08 was 26 cm high, while that of the seedlings treated with the wild-type Gibberella fujikuroi was 13 cm high. As such, the plant growth-promoting activity exhibited by isolate PA08 was 2 times stronger than that exhibited by the wild-type G fujikuroi. The amounts of $GA_l,\;GA_3,\;GA_4,\;GA_7,\;GA_9,\;GA_{20}$, and $GA_{24}$ in the medium were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the quantities produced by isolate PA08 were 4.85 ng/ml, 4.79 ng/ml, 17.30 ng/ml, 6.01 ng/ml, 16.61 ng/ ml, 0.08 ng/ml, and 17.30 ng/ml, respectively. Isolate PA08 was also identified as Fusarium proliferatum KGL0401 by a genetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Zirconium oxide can be a substitute to titanium as implant materials to solve the esthetic problems of dark color in the gingival portion of implant restorations. PURPOSE: This study was performed to define attachment and growth behavior of osteoblast- like cells cultured on grooved surfaces of zirconium oxide and evaluate the genetic effect of zirconium oxide surfaces using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on (1) commercially pure titanium discs with smooth surface (T group), (2) yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) with machined surface (ZS group), and (3) Y-TZP with $100{\mu}m$ grooves (ZG group). Cell proliferation activity was evaluated through MTT assay and cell morphology was examined by SEM. The mRNA expression of Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, TGF-${\beta}1$, IGF-1, G3PDH in E1 cells were evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: From the MTT assay, after 48 hours of adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells, the mean optical density value of T group and ZG group significantly increased compared to the ZS group. SEM images of osteoblast-like cells showed that significantly more cells were observed to attach to the grooves and appeared to follow the direction of the grooves. After 24 hours of cell adhesion, more spreading and flattening of cells with active filopodia formation occurred. Results of RT-PCR suggest that T group, ZS group, and ZG group showed comparable osteoblast-specific gene expression after 24 hours of cell incubation. CONCLUSION: Surface topography and material of implants can play an important role in expression of osteoblast phenotype markers. Zirconia ceramic showed comparable biological responses of osteoblast-like cells with titanium during a short-time cell culture period. Also, grooves influence cell spreading and guide the cells to be aligned within surface grooves.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2009

In modem society, fashion is used as a means to express oneself. Colors in fashion are regarded as one of the important design elements and play a significant role. Today men's fashion trend represents to adopt diverse silhouettes, colors and various materials. They can choose diverse color for men's fashion. Brown has been popular colors for both man and woman. It usually represents the image of warm, comfort and classic. This research analyzed Brown whose diverse uses had been observed in fashion and the characteristics of Brown the color combinations in men's fashion through men's fashion collection from 2000 to 2008. The characteristics of color combinations with Brown analyzed two color combinations for the top and bottom as follows: First, the hue characteristics of Brown two color combinations were analyzed in men's fashion. Second, the tone characteristics of Brown two color combinations were analyzed in men's fashion. Third, the characteristics of color combinations were analyzed in the Brown top and bottom according to the hues in men's fashion. The Brown color combinations were analyzed according to the 10 hues and achromatic colors. As a result, 10YR was most used in both the top and bottom in F/W and S/S. As for the Brown color combinations of the 12 tones and achromatic colors in the top and bottom, dark grayish was the most used in S/S and F/W regardless of the seasons. The Brown color combinations in men's fashion were analyzed in terms of characteristics. As a result, 10YR and 2.5Y were most used. They were also of the highest frequency in the color combinations of Brown tops and bottoms.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.773-786
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• 2017

The loss of green coloration via chlorophyll (Chl) degradation typically occurs during leaf senescence. To date, many Chl catabolic enzymes have been identified and shown to interact with light harvesting complex II to form a Chl degradation complex in senescing chloroplasts; this complex might metabolically channel phototoxic Chl catabolic intermediates to prevent oxidative damage to cells. The Chl catabolic enzyme 7-hydroxymethyl Chl a reductase (HCAR) converts 7-hydroxymethyl Chl a (7-HMC a) to Chl a. The rice (Oryza sativa) genome contains a single HCAR homolog (OsHCAR), but its exact role remains unknown. Here, we show that an oshcar knockout mutant exhibits persistent green leaves during both dark-induced and natural senescence, and accumulates 7-HMC a and pheophorbide a (Pheo a) in green leaf blades. Interestingly, both rice and Arabidopsis hcar mutants exhibit severe cell death at the vegetative stage; this cell death largely occurs in a light intensity-dependent manner. In addition, 7-HMC a treatment led to the generation of singlet oxygen ($^1O_2$) in Arabidopsis and rice protoplasts in the light. Under herbicide-induced oxidative stress conditions, leaf necrosis was more severe in hcar plants than in wild type, and HCAR-overexpressing plants were more tolerant to reactive oxygen species than wild type. Therefore, in addition to functioning in the conversion of 7-HMC a to Chl a in senescent leaves, HCAR may play a critical role in protecting plants from high light-induced damage by preventing the accumulation of 7-HMC a and Pheo a in developing and mature leaves at the vegetative stage.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.234-242
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• 2007

We examined the cause of albinism in a hatchery population of flounder in terms of environmental and nutritional factors, including the effects of light intensity (130-12,300 lux), photoperiod (12L/12D or 24L/0D), tank substrate (concrete or fiber-reinforced polymer), tank color (white or dark green) and supplement with enriched live food, and also compared the growth of normal and albino fry under both 12L/12D and 24L/0D. Further to, normalization of the skin pigmentation pattern on the ocular side has been juvestigated after rearing the albino fry for 2 years after their identification and classification and found that, light intensity did not play a critical role in the development of normal pigmentation or albinism in the flounder. By contrast, the photoperiod was a weak inducer of albinism in the flounder. Tank substrate and color also affected the hypomelanosis on the ocular side of the flounder fry. The choice and supplementation of enriched live foods could drastically reduce the incidence of albinos in hatcheries. On comparing the growth of normal and albino fry, while there was no difference between the groups under 24L/0D, the growth of the albino flounder was slower under 12L/12D. Although coloration resulting from xanthophore and melanophore, but not iridophores, occurred on the ocular side, evidence of albinism remained on the ocular side of flounders.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2011

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones that play essential roles in growth and development. Mutations in BR-signaling pathways cause defective in growth and development like dwarfism, male sterility, abnormal vascular development and photomorphogenesis. Transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is a critical phase change in the development of a flowering plant. In a screen of activation-tagged Arabidopsis, we identified a mutant named abz126 that displayed longer hypocotyls when grown in the dark on MS media containing brassinazole (Brz), an inhibitor of BRs biosynthesis. We have cloned the mutant locus using adapter ligation PCR walking and identified that a single T-DNA had been integrated into the ninth exon of the GIGANTEA (GI) gene, involved in controling flowering time. This insertion resulted in loss-of-function of the GI gene and caused the following phenotypes: long petioles, tall plant height, many rosette leaves and late flowering. RT-PCR assays on abz126 mutant showed that the T-DNA insertion in GIGANTEA led to the loss of mRNA expression of the GI gene. In the hormone dose response assay, abz126 mutant showed: 1) an insensitivity to paclobutrazole (PAC), 2) an altered response with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 3) insensitive to Brassinolide (BL). Based on these results, we propose that the late flowering and tall phenotypes displayed by the abz126 mutant are caused by a loss-of-function of the GI gene associated with brassinosteroid hormone signaling.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.653-658
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• 2019

MYB-type transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth and development, and in the rapid responses to unfavorable environmental conditions. We recently reported the isolation and characterization of a rice (Oryza sativa) MYB TF, OsMYB102, which is involved in the regulation of leaf senescence by downregulating abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and the downstream signaling response. Based on the similarities of their sequences and expression patterns, OsMYB102 appears to be a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana AtMYB44 TF. Since AtMYB44 is a key regulator of leaf senescence and abiotic stress responses, it is important to examine whether AtMYB44 homologs in other plants also act similarly. Here, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing OsMYB102 (OsMYB102-OX). The OsMYB102-OX plants showed a delayed senescence phenotype during dark incubation and were more susceptible to salt and drought stresses, considerably similar to Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtMYB44. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that, in addition to known senescence-associated genes, genes encoding the ABA catabolic enzymes AtCYP707A3 and AtCYP707A4 were also significantly upregulated in OsMYB102-OX, leading to a significant decrease in ABA accumulation. Furthermore, protoplast transient expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that OsMYB102 directly activated AtCYP707A3 expression. Based on our findings, it is probable that the regulatory functions of AtMYB44 homologs in plants are highly conserved and they have vital roles in leaf senescence and the abiotic stress responses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1017-1028
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• 2024

Lignocellulolytic enzymes play a crucial role in efficiently converting lignocellulose into valuable platform molecules in various industries. However, they are limited by their production yields, costs, and stability. Consequently, their production by producers adapted to local environments and the choice of low-cost raw materials can address these limitations. Due to the large amounts of olive stones (OS) generated in Morocco which are still undervalued, Penicillium crustosum, Fusarium nygamai, Trichoderma capillare, and Aspergillus calidoustus, are cultivated under different fermentation techniques using this by-product as a local lignocellulosic substrate. Based on a multilevel factorial design, their potential to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes during 15 days of dark incubation was evaluated. The results revealed that P. crustosum expressed a maximum total cellulase activity of 10.9 IU/ml under sequential fermentation (SF) and 3.6 IU/ml of β-glucosidase activity under submerged fermentation (SmF). F. nygamai recorded the best laccase activity of 9 IU/ml under solid-state fermentation (SSF). Unlike T. capillare, SF was the inducive culture for the former activity with 7.6 IU/ml. A. calidoustus produced, respectively, 1,009 ㎍/ml of proteins and 11.5 IU/ml of endoglucanase activity as the best results achieved. Optimum cellulase production took place after the 5th day under SF, while ligninases occurred between the 9th and the 11th days under SSF. This study reports for the first time the lignocellulolytic activities of F. nygamai and A. calidoustus. Furthermore, it underlines the potential of the four fungi as biomass decomposers for environmentally-friendly applications, emphasizing the efficiency of OS as an inducing substrate for enzyme production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1984

To obtain the fundamental data on the nutritional value of protein for fresh meat, it was per- formed the distribution of Tl(trypsin indigestible substrates) and the apparent in vitro protein digestibility in 8 species of dark-fleshed fishes and8 species of white-fleshed fishes which were consumed in Korea popularly. It was also investigate the changes in VBN and TBA value during frozen storage at $-10^{\circ}C$on the purpose of assaying the antinutritional factors that affect on apparent in vitro protein digestibility or Tl forming. Tl content in dark-fleshed fishes were varied with their species, ranged from 0.02 to 0.17 mg/g. using the method by Hamerstrand, while that in white-fleshed fishes was almost same, ranged from 0.10 to 0.26 mg/g. For all the fresh fish samples, however, the apparent in vitro protein digestibility were showed the value from 83 to 83%. In comparison with the parts of pacific mackerel, viscera had the most abundant Tl content as much as 0.3m g/g, while a trace was noted for skin and dark muscle had more Tl content than ordinary muscle based on the method by Hamerstrand. The apparent in vitro protein digestibility for all samples was dropped but the changes of VBN and TBA were retested the similar tendency with the increasing Tl content during frozen storage at $-10^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it could be concluded that Tl contbnt and apparent in vitro protein digestibility were affected by its freshness and fat oxidation and that, especially, fat was assumed to play an important role on apparent in vitro protein digestibility.