• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.567-575
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• 2019

Statistics show that while the number of fires has decreased over the last decade, losses of human life and economic property due to fire have increased. Moreover, the number of large-scale fires that have occurred in recent years has resulted in heightened public anxiety. This study aims to identify a specific period of the year most vulnerable to fire, and fire trends, such as damage of fire to humans, to the economy, and different building types. For this purpose, we analyzed human and economic damages using statistics related to fire from 2007 to 2017 and provided a monthly distribution of fire damages both to humans and to the economy by building type. We also identified the relationship between the human damage and the economy damage, and compared the economic losses per casualty by building type. The human damage in residential buildings occupied the highest portion, whereas the economic damage of industrial buildings represented more than a half of all economic damage due to fire. The economic damage per casualty was shown highest for industrial buildings and has also increased rapidly in recent years.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.960-969
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• 2006

In this study, a series of fire tests was carried out to evaluate fire-induced damage to structural members in tunnels. From the tests, the loss amount of concrete materials by the RWS fire scenario was slightly bigger than by the RABT fire scenario. Especially under the RWS fire scenario where the maximum temperature is over 1,200, the loss of concrete materials was mainly induced by melting. Generally, the loss of materials in reinforced concrete was slightly smaller than that in unreinforced concrete. Depending upon an applied fire scenario, fire-induced damage to shotcrete was quite different. From the real-time investigation of a specimen surface by a digital camcorder, it was proved that the material loss under the RABT fire scenario was mainly induced by spalling. However, it was also revealed that although fire-induced damage in the initial heating stage under the RWS was so close to that under the RABT, the material loss under the RWS at the later stage after 50 minutes elapsed since fire initiation was induced not by spalling but by melting.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.351-364
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• 2019

Earthquake and fire are both severe disasters for building structures. Since earthquake-induced damage will weaken the structure and reduce its fire endurance, it is important to investigate the behavior of structure subjected to post-earthquake fire. In this paper, steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints were tested under fire with pre-damage caused by cyclic loads. Beforehand, three control specimens with no pre-damage were tested to capture the static, cyclic and fire-resistant performance of intact joints. Experimental data including strain, deflection and temperature recorded at several points are presented and analyzed to quantify the influence of cyclic damage on fire resistance. It is indicated that the fire endurance of damaged joints decreased with the increase of damage level, mainly due to faster heating-up rate after cyclic damage. However, cracks induced by cyclic loading in concrete are found to mitigate the concrete spalling at elevated temperatures. Moreover, the relationship between fire resistance and damage degree is revealed from experimental results, which can be applied in fire safety design and is worthwhile for further research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 2005

Recently, forest damage has occurred often and made big issues. Among them, the damage by forest fire is not only damage of itself but also being connected with secondary damage like a flood. This is the fact that a forest fire is caused rather artificially by people than nature. In this study, we try to investigate damage of a forest fire through spectral reflectance of a plant community surveyed using a near infrared CCD camera and a SPM (Spectral Radiometer) as advanced work to use satellite image data. That is, damage of a forest fire by the naked eye observation was divided into the No damage, the light damage, the serious damage and we estimated activity of forest and grasped revival possibility of forest. Through correlation analysis between the spectral reflectance by SPM and the near infrared CCD camera, we could get high correlation in the No damage and light damage. Therefore, when we surveyed damage of a forest fire, we could grasp damage, that is hardly observed by the naked eye by, using jointly the spectral radiometer and the near infrared CCD camera.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2019

Purpose: In this study, the status and the risk of fire occurrence in domestic automobile were evaluated and the damage reduction effect by using the fire extinguishing mechanism was evaluated. Method: The analysis of the risk of the occurrence of Vehicle Fires in Korea and the damage of human and property by the use of fire extinguisher applied to fire extinguisher were investigated and analyzed. Results: The annual damage rate of the damage caused by the automobile fire is 4.74%, which shows an annual increase. As a result of the analysis of the personal injury caused by the passenger car in the car fire situation, the damage amount per 100 cases of the fire occurrence increased from 424.65 million won to 473.06 million won in the past 5 years (2012 ~ 2016). Conclusion: When fire extinguishers are used in the case of passenger Vehicle Fires, the average amount of property damage per fire occurrence is estimated to be about 307.5 million, emphasizing the importance and necessity of the initial fire fighting.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2009

In the fire there are fusion signs and damage by fire, and insulation aging and carbonization of the electric wiring in the ignition spot because of special characteristic of the appliance in the electricity fire. Because of the physical factor applied in the damage of fire, the decision of ignition spot by eye investigation is insufficient. In this paper, the cause of electricity fire is researched. The focus is on the operation state of operated MCCB(Molded Case Circuit Breaker) at the time of electricity fire. Through grasping the operation principle of MCCB and the experiment, the state of MCCB after fire suppression is discriminated. The distinction possibility on the exist of electricity fire is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.109-110
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• 2020

In the event of a fire, fire engines usually arrive within 15 minutes and become a fire suppressor. In this paper, an analytical model was established to evaluate the salt damage resistance of concrete according to fire suppression time, and the concentration of salt inside the concrete after fire was measured and the time to reach the critical concentration was assessed by how short.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.166-176
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• 2021

Due to urbanization and industrialization, the importance of large-scale fire prevention, management and measures is increasing day by day. However, the fire site arrival rate in Golden Time, which is a factor that can minimize large-scale fire damage, of Pohang, a large city with a population of over 500,000, is relatively low. So additional fire fighting power deployment and infrastructure investment are required. However, as budget and manpower are limited, it is necessary to selectively deploy fire fighting power and invest in infrastructure. Therefore, this study attempted to present a fire damage rating that can compare the level of fire damage, which is an index that can help selectively provide fire fighting services in Pohang and make related decisions. For the index, the OD cost matrix was used to predict fire vulnerable areas with a high probability of increasing the fire scale in the event of a fire. Also fire damage was measured by predicting the level of fire damage in the event of a fire according to population, building density, and access of fire trucks. It is expected that the fire damage rating will be able to help in various decisions related to fire fighting service deployment and services not only in Pohang city, but also in other regions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.673-688
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• 2022

Post-earthquake fire is a major threat since most structures are designed allowing some damage during strong earthquakes, which will expose a more vulnerable structure to post-earthquake fire compared to an intact structure. A series of experimental research on steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints subjected to fire after cyclic loading has been carried out and a clear reduction of fire resistance due to the partial damage caused by cyclic loading was observed. In this paper, by using ABAQUS a robust finite element model is developed for exploring the performance of steel-concrete composite joints in post-earthquake fire scenarios. After validation of these models with the previously conducted experimental results, a comprehensive numerical analysis is performed, allowing influential parameters affecting the post-earthquake fire behavior of the steel-concrete composite joints to be identified. Specifically, the level of pre-damage induced by cyclic loading is regraded to deteriorate mechanical and thermal properties of concrete, material properties of steel, and thickness of the fire protection layer. It is found that the ultimate temperature of the joint is affected by the load ratio while fire-resistant duration is relevant to the heating rate, both of which change due to the damage induced by the cyclic loading.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.113-114
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• 2020

In the design and maintenance of buildings, identifying the degree of damage in the event of a fire is an important factor in fire prevention and fire safety design. In order to predict fire damage, safety measures should be established by predicting the nature of evacuation according to fire, smoke and in-house characteristics, and the effects of the operation of fire safety facilities should also be considered, but in Korea, the risk analysis due to the operation of fire safety facilities is insufficient. Accordingly, this study uses fire statistics and sprinkler inspection data to analyze the degree of fire damage caused by the operation of sprinkler facilities in a probabilistic manner.