• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2012

This study investigated the differences in time use patterns and psychological states across daily activity contexts and interpersonal contexts, depending on the levels of school maladjustment among elementary school students. Using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), 107 elementary school 6th grade students' daily time use patterns and psychological states across daily contexts were measured six times a day over a period of 4 days. Using the school maladjustment scale, an internal problem based school maladjusted group and an external problem based school maladjusted group were identified and selected. The daily time use patterns and psychological states of both school maladjusted groups were compared to those of the adjusted groups. The principle findings are as follows: first, the school maladjusted group students' daily time use patterns across daily activity contexts or interpersonal contexts did not differ from those of the students from the school adjusted group. Second, the school maladjusted group students experienced more negative emotions, lower concentration levels, and lower motivation levels across daily contexts than the school adjusted group students. These differences in motivation between the external problem school maladjusted group and adjusted group, however, were greater in the schoolwork context compared to the other daily activity contexts. The findings were discussed in the contexts of the daily experiences of child school maladjustment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2013

This study was conducted to develop a model to estimate crop leaf surface temperature. The results were as following; A definition for the daily time based on elapsed time from the midnight (00:00) as "E&E time" with the unit of Kmin. was suggested. The model to estimate the scaled temperature ($T^*e$) of crop leaf surface temperature by scale factor ($T^*$) according to the "E&E time : Kmin."(X) was developed as eq. (1) $T^*e=0.5{\cdot}sin(X+780)+0.5$ (2) $T^*=(Tx-Tn)/(Tm-Tn)$, Tx : Daily leaf temperature, Tm : Daily maximum leaf temperature, Tn : Daily minimum leaf temperature. Relative sensitivity of the measured temperature compared to the estimated temperature of red pepper, soybean and persimmon was 1.078, 1.033 and 0.973, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.995-1006
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• 2016

According to 5th IPCC Climate Change Report, there is a very high likelihood that the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events will increase. In reality, flood damage has increased, and it is necessary to estimate the future probabilistic design rainfall amount that climate change is reflected. In this study, the future probabilistic design precipitation amount is estimated by analyzing trends of future annual maximum daily rainfall derived by RCP 8.5 scenarios and using the scale-invariance technique. In the first step, after reviewing the time-scale characteristics of annual maximum rainfall amounts for each duration observed from 60 sites operating in Korea Meterological Administration, the feasibility of the scale-invariance technique are examined using annual daily maximum rainfall time series simulated under the present climate condition. Then future probabilistic design rainfall amounts for several durations reflecting the effects of climate change are estimated by applying future annual maximum daily rainfall time series in the IDF curve equation derived by scale-invariance properties. It is shown that the increasing trend on the probabilistic design rainfall amount has resulted on most sites, but the decreasing trend in some regions has been projected.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제8권
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• pp.57-68
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• 1997

The daily soil water contents were obtained from the time domain reflectometry(TDR) method and energy balance-water budget approach with eddy correlation at the two small semiarid watersheds of Lucky Hills and Kendall during the summer rainy period. There was a comaprison of daily soil water content measured and estimated from these two different approaches. The comparison is valuable to evaluate the accuracy of current soil water content measuring system using TDR and energy balance-water budget approach using eddy correlation method at a small watershed scale. The degree of simiarity between the regressions of these two methods of measuring soil water content was explained by determining the correlations between these methods. Simple linear regression analyses showed that soil water content measured from TDR method was responsible for 58% and 63% of the variations estimated from energy balance-water budget approach with edy correlation at Lucky Hills and Kendall, respectively. The scatter plots and the regression analyses revealed that two different approaches for soil water content measurement at a small watershed scale have no significant difference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.347-348
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• 2023

In construction sites, small-scale construction quantities or limited work hours below the daily work volume may occur due to on-site conditions. For small-scale quantities, the input of equipment and labor is designed based on an hourly basis in the invoice, resulting in a difference from the actual cost. In this study, we aim to explore solutions from the perspective of construction cost standards to secure appropriate construction costs for small-scale and time-limited construction sites. Firstly, to preserve the basic construction costs on-site, we established standards where half the cost would be charged for construction quantities below four hours and a full day's cost would be designed for construction quantities between four to eight hours. Additionally, realistic construction cost calculation standards are expected to be provided by realizing a surcharge rate for work hour limitations to secure appropriate construction costs.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.98-109
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• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in physical and cognitive function according to the level of independence in performing activities of daily living in stroke patients. Design: Retrospective study. Method: This study is a retrospective study analyzing medical records. This study utilized data collected from 123 stroke patients at admission in a local rehabilitation hospital between 2019 and 2022. Stroke patients were classified into 5 groups based on the scores of the Korean Modified Barthel index (K-MBI) evaluated at the time of hospitalization at a rehabilitation hospital, and investigated the change in physical (spasticity (modified Ashworth scale), muscle strength (manual muscle test), gait ability (functional ambulation category), upper extremity function (manual function test), and balance function (berg balance scale)) and cognitive function (Korean mini mental status examination) according to the level of independence in performing activities of daily living. Result:: As a results, significant differences were observed in the physical (muscle strength, gait ability, upper extremity and balance functions) and cognitive functions of stroke patients according to the level of independence in performing activities of daily living (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in upper and lower extremities spasticity. Conclusions: Through the results of this study, we found that the physical (muscle strength, gait ability, upper extremity and balance functions) and cognitive function were influenced by the level of independence in performing activities of daily living in stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1309-1317
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• 2012

Stochastic weather generators are commonly used to simulate time series of daily weather, especially precipitation amount. Recently, a generalized linear model (GLM) has been proposed as a convenient approach to fitting these weather generators. In this paper, a stochastic weather generator is considered to model the time series of daily precipitation at Seoul in South Korea. As a covariate, global temperature is introduced to relate long-term temporal scale predictor to short-term temporal predictands. One of the limitations of stochastic weather generators is a marked tendency to underestimate the observed interannual variance of monthly, seasonal, or annual total precipitation. To reduce this phenomenon, we incorporate time series of seasonal total precipitation in the GLM weather generator as covariates. It is veri ed that the addition of these covariates does not distort the performance of the weather generator in other respects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2015

Recent researches show that climate change has impact on the rainfall process at different temporal and spatial scales. The present paper is focused on climate change impact on sub-daily rainfall quantile of Han River basin in South Korea. Climate change simulation outputs from ECHO-G GCM under the A2 scenario were used to estimate daily extreme rainfall. Sub-daily extreme rainfall was estimated using the scale invariance concept. In order to assess sub-daily extreme rainfall from climate change simulation outputs, precipitation time series were generated based on NSRPM (Neyman-Scott Rectangular Pulse Model) and modified using the ratio of rainfall over projection periods to historical one. Sub-daily extreme rainfall was then estimated from those series. It was found that sub-daily extreme rainfall in the future displayed increasing or decreasing trends for estimation methods and different periods.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.741-753
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether elementary children's time-use and self-regulated learning ability was different according to gender and whether children's gender and time-use effects self-regulated learning ability. Participants were 2,122 children who participated in KCYPS longitudinal study from their first grade to third grade. Time-use was reported by children's parents. Children's self-regulated learning is invented by Yang(2000). Components of self-regulated learning scale was achievement value, mastery goal orientation, action control, academic time management. The major findings were as follows. First, children's self-regulated learning was different according to chidren's gender. Girls' achievement value, mastery goal orientation, academic time management scores were higher than the boys'. Second, children's daily time was different according to their gender. Third, children's daily time-use affected their self-regulated leaning, however children's gender didn't.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 한국농림기상학회 2014년도 추계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.74-85
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• 2014

This study is a part of "Early Warning Service for Weather Risk Management in Climate-smart Agriculture", describes the delivery techniques from 840 catchment scale weather warning information using 150 counties unit special weather report(alarm, warning) released from KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration) and chronic weather warning information based on daily weather data from 76 synoptic stations. Catchment weather hazard warning service express a sequential risk index map generated by countries report occurs and report grade(alarm, warning) convert to catchment scale using zonal summarizing method. Additional services were chronic weather warning service at crop growth and accumulated more than 4 weeks, based on an unsuitable weather conditions, representing a relative risk compared to its catchment climatological normal conditions (normal distribution ) in addition to special weather report. Service provided by a real-time catchment scale map overlaid with VWORLD open platform operated by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Also provide a foundation for weather risk information to inform individual farmers to farm located within the catchment zone warning occur.