• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

Effects of environmental factors on the zoospore release and germling growth of Chaetomorpha linum were examined. Zoospore release and germling growth experiments were carried out under a combination of temperatures ${\times}$ irradiances, and a single factor of irradiances, salinities, daylength and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus). Zoospore release was maximal under condition of $20^{\circ}C{\times}100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ in a factorial experiment (temperatures ${\times}$ irradiances), at $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ in irradiance experiment and at 34 psu in salinity conditions. After 24 days in culture, germling growth was maximal at $25^{\circ}C{\times}100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ in temperatures ${\times}$ irradiances and at normal seawater (34 psu) in salinity. Germling growth is faster at higher irradiance under same temperature condition and it increased with increasing daylengths (8-16 h). Chaetomorpha linum grew in wide range of N and P concentrations. The growth of germling was maximal at $50{\mu}M\;{PO_4}^{3-}$ and $40{\mu}M\;{NH_4}^+$. Germling growth was more effective under nitrogen addition than phosphorus addition in culture. In conclusion, optimal environmental conditions for zoospore release were $20^{\circ}C$, $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, and 34 psu. In addition, the optimal germling growth was observed at $25^{\circ}C$, $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, 34 psu, 16 h, $50{\mu}M\;({PO_4}^{3-})$ and $40{\mu}M\;{(NH_4}^+)$.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.415-427
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• 2021

본 연구는 육계에서 동물복지농장의 스트레스 저감효과를 과학적인 지표를 통해 확인하고자 시행되었다. 농장 내 gas 농도를 비교한 결과 일반농장에서 육계에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 CO₂와 NH₃의 농도가 높았다. PCO₂는 일반농장에서, PO₂는 동물복지농장에서 유의하게 높았다. 일반농장의 육계에서 혈중 CREA, GLU, AST, CK가 유의적으로 높았으며, TP, GLOB는 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 혈중 corticosterone과 norepinephrine이 일반농장에서 유의하게 높은 값을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 동물복지농장에 비해 일반농장 육계의 스트레스 수치가 더 높은 것으로 판단되며, 동물복지농장이 스트레스가 감소된 사양 환경을 제공하고 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권4호통권91호
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• pp.293-298
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• 1999

복령 균핵을 여러단계로 추출하여 얻은 다당류들의 면역 증강활성을 생쥐 비장세포에서 혼합임파구 반응으로 측정하였다. 이들 중 탄산나트륨 추출물의 활성이 가장 높았고 이를 DEAE-셀롤로오스와 Sephadex G-50 크로마토그래피로 면역활성증강물질을 정제하여 PCSC22를 얻었다. PCSC22는 탄수화물과 단백질이 약 78:22의 비율로 이루어진 단백다당체이었으며 GP-HPLC로 측정된 평균분자량은 약 8 kDa이었다. PCSC22 분획은 단당들의 구성성분들 중 mannose(92%)가 가장 많고 galactose(6.2%)와 약간의 arabinose(1.3%)도 함유하고 있는 heteromannan 이었다. 단백질 부분은 총 15종의 아미노산으로 구성되어 있었고 그 중 aspartic acid, serine, valine 등의 합이 약 47%로 주요 성분이었다. PCSC22는 B 임파구의 항체형성능력과 macrophage의 일산화질소 분비능력을 함께 증강시켰다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2000

재배버섯에 갈색의 침몰성 반점들로 나타나는 갈반병(brown blotch disease)은 Pseudomonas tolaasii의 펩티드성 독소인 tolaasin에 의해서 유발된다. Tolaasin은 18개의 아미노산으로 구성된 분자량 1,985 Da의 lipodepsipeptide이며, 생체막에 pore를 형성하여 버섯세포 뿐만 아녀라 세균, 곰팡이, 식물 및 동물세포를 파괴한다. Tolaasin의 활성은 용혈성 독소의 활성측정에 널리 쓰이는 적혈구를 이용하여 독소의 용혈활성을 측정함으로써 이루어졌다. Tolaasin의 용혈활성은 적혈구의 파괴시 방출되는 헤모글로빈 양을 420 nm에서의 흡광도 증가로 측정하거나, 잔존하는 적혈구에 의한 600 nm에서의 흡광도로 측정하였다. P. Tolaasii 배양액의 용혈활성은 배양중 정체기 초기에 증가하기 시작하여 정체기 후기에서 최대로 나타났다. Tolaasin의 용혈활성은 개와 쥐의 적혈구에서 높게 나타났으며, 상대적으로 토끼와 닭의 적혈구에서는 낮았다. Tolaasin의 용혈활성에 미치는 양이온들의 효과에서 $ZN^{2+}$ 뿐만 아니라, $Cd^{2+}$과 $L^{3+}$이 tolaasin의 용혈활성을 저해하였으며, 음이온의 경우 $CO_3^2$가 용혈활성을 지연시켰고, 반면 $PO_4^{2-}$의 경우 용혈활성을 증가시켰다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권6C호
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• pp.649-655
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• 2009

평균 부호 획득 시간은 (mean acquisition time: MAT) 부호 획득 시스템의 성능을 나타내는 가장 중요한 지표이며, MAT가 짧을수록 부호 획득 시스템의 성능이 좋다고 일컬어진다. 광 부호 분할 다중 접속 (optical code division multiple access: O-CDMA) 시스템의 부호 획득을 위해 Keshavarzian과 Salehi가 제안한 multiple-shift (MS) 알고리즘은 부호 획득을 두 단계로 나누어 수행함으로써, 기존 serial-search (SS) 알고리즘에 비해 짧은 MAT를 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 효율적으로 결합된 로컬 신호와 그에 따른 상관값 및 부호를 이용하여 기존 MS 알고리즘에 비해 더 짧은 MAT를 제공할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한, 모의실험을 통해 제안한 알고리즘이 기존 MS 알고리즘에 비해 더 짧은 MAT를 제공함을 보인다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권7C호
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• pp.715-723
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 나머지 주파수 옵셋이 (residuaI frequency offset: RFO) 존재하는 대역 확산 시스템의 부호 획득을 위해 듀얼셀 결합 (dual-cell combining: DCC) 검파 기법을 제안한다. RFO가 존채할 때, 부호 획득 과정 동안 검파에 사용되는 상관 첨두는 작은 진폭을 갖는 두 개의 주변 첨두로 나눠지게 되며, 이로 인해 부호 획득 성능이 하락하게 된다. DCC 겹파 기법은 두 개의 연속된 상판값을 결합하여 결정 변수로 사용함으로써 RFO가 상관 첨두에 미치는 영향을 완화시킬 수 있다. 또한, 성능 평가를 통해 DCC 검파 기법이 한 개의 상관값을 결정 변수로 사용하는 이제까지의 검파 기법에 비해 더 나은 평균 동기화 시간 성능을 갖는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.415-447
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• 1997

Obstetrics and Gynecology include gynecology which is concerned with the treatment for the disease based on physiology and pathology of women, and obstetrics which is concerned with pregnancy delivery. These obstetrics and gynecology can be said to da-te from the birth of human beings. This pap-er has carried on the studies about the deve-loping process of obstetrics and gynecology of Ming and Qing age. The results of this study are as follows: In Ming age, Many Obstetrics and Gynecology books including "Nukecuoyao"("女科撮要"), "Xiaozhufurenliangfang"("校注婦人良方"), "Wanshifurenke"("萬氏婦人科") and "Nukezhingzhizhunsheng"("女科證治准繩") were published Distinction in Ming age we-re equal development on theory and clinic t-aking a serious view of the differentiation of symptoms and signs, fashion of medicine th-ought of reactionism under the influence of "lixue"(理學). The refore Obstetrics and Gyn-ecology were influenced by these points. And for this example, as treatment contents on "Xiaozhufurenliangfang"("校注婦人良方") and the theory about "fetuse-energy"(胎氣) in "Furengui"("婦人規"), theoretic system with a view point's change of women's disease were established on Obstetrics and Gynecology. But it was restricted on a field of diagnosis under the influence of feudal "lixue"(理學), so the the number of obstetrics doc-tors who were mostly men at that time had fallen greatly and maternity who were short of expert medical knowledge appeared. In Qing age, an explosive increase in po-pulation called greater demand on medicine book and generation after generation extre-mely much Obstetrics and Gynecology books including "NukeChanhoubian"("女科産後編"), "Yetianshinuke"("葉天士女科"), and "Shenshinukejiyao"("沈氏女科輯要") were p-ublished, and it is studied that application of "eight extra-channel"(奇經八脈) theory and the study of drug attributive on extra-chan-nel were progressed. Besides, it is studied that existing traditional Obstetrics and Gyn-ecology changed newly under the influence of the school of combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine which was appeared in the late Qing age.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2015

Sources related to road dust is one of the biggest sources, which is responsible for a large portion of emission. In particular, PM2.5 is a potential cause for respiratory diseases, thus it should be managed and a mitigation plan using results of statistical apportionment modeling such as chemical mass balance needs to be established. Recently, identifying sources of PM2.5 and analyzing the contribution of the road dust through a contribution assessment is required. Therefore, this study provides the chemical source profiles of PM2.5 using IC, GC/MS, OCEC, and XRF for both paved sidewalk and paved roadway collected at seven different sampling sites. As a result, for paved sidewalk, $NH{_4}^+$ (70%), $NO{_3}^-$ (12%), $PO{_4}^-$ (9%), and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ (9%) have been analyzed in PM2.5 mass. Major molecular marker such as Si has been indicated as $12.0{\pm}3.4%$ and $13.6{\pm}6.9%$ for paved sidewalk and roadway, respectively. PAHs such as Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Chrysene, and 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene are suggested as molecular markers for road dust.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.657-664
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• 2016

The green macroalga Cladophora vadorum bloomed along the coast at Sangrok Beach, Buan, South Korea, in September 2015. To elucidate the cause of bloom, the effects of environmental factors on the vegetative growth of adult fragments were examined. Growth experiments were carried out under different combinations of temperatures and irradiances, and with a single factor of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus). The maximal growth of C. vadorum was reported under the combination of 25°C and 100 μmol photons m⁻²s⁻¹. The species grew under a wide range of N and P concentrations. The growth of C. vadorum peaked at 50 μM PO₄³⁻, 80 μM NH₄⁺, and 100 μM NO₃⁻. Adult fragments formed holdfasts and new branches within 3 days in culture and became adults, showing polarized growth patterns, in 2 weeks. This is the first report showing the development of numerous bladelets from a segment in Cladophora species. The present results indicate that Cladophora blooms appear under growth conditions that are favorable in terms of temperatures, irradiance, and nutrients via fragment growth patterns producing rapid holdfasts and many bladelets.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2012

An investigation was conducted on the enhancement of production and purification of an oxidant and SDS-stable alkaline protease (BHAP) secreted by an alkalophilic Bacillus horikoshii, which was screened from the body fluid of a unique Korean polychaeta (Periserrula leucophryna) living in the tidal mud flats of Kwangwha Island in the Korean West Sea. A prominent effect on BHAP production was obtained by adding 2% maltose, 1% sodium citrate, 0.8% NaCl, and 0.6% sodium carbonate to the culturing medium. The optimal medium for BHAP production contained (g/l) SBM, 15; casein, 10; $K_2HPO_4$, 2; $KH_2PO_4$, 2; maltose, 20; sodium citrate, 10; $MgSO_4$, 0.06; NaCl, 8; and $Na_2CO_3$, 6. A protease yield of approximately 56,000 U/ml was achieved using the optimized medium, which is an increase of approximately 5.5-fold compared with the previous optimization (10,050 U/ml). The BHAP was homogenously purified 34-fold with an overall recovery of 34% and a specific activity of 223,090 U/mg protein using adsorption with Diaion HPA75, hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) on Phenyl-Sepharose, and ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE- and CM-Sepharose column. The purified BHAP was determined a homogeneous by SDS-PAGE, with an apparent molecular mass of 28 kDa, and it showed extreme stability towards organic solvents, SDS, and oxidizing agents. The $K_m$ and $k_{cat}$ values were 78.7 ${\mu}M$ and $217.4s^{-1}$ for N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 9, respectively. The inhibition profile exhibited by PMSF suggested that the protease from B. horikoshii belongs to the family of serine proteases. The BHAP, which showed high stability against SDS and $H_2O_2$, has significance for industrial application, such as additives in detergent and feed industries.