• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2020

Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, which serves as a precursor to flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. This study aimed to develop a simple and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis for the quantification of riboflavin in the Beagle dog plasma. This method utilized simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile and ¹³C₄, ¹⁵N₂-riboflavin was used as an internal standard (IS). For chromatographic separation, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column was used with gradient elution. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid with 10 mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid. Since riboflavin is an endogenous compound, 4% bovine serum albumin in phosphate buffered saline was used as a surrogate matrix to prepare the calibration curve. The quantification limit for riboflavin in the Beagle dog plasma was 5 ng/mL. The method was fully validated for its specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, recovery, and stability according to the US FDA guidance. The developed LC-MS/MS method may be useful for the in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of riboflavin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1986

The effects of ginseng saponins on the sarcolemmal $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATPase were compared to gypsophila saponin, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), and Triton X-100 to elucidate whether the effects are due to the membrane distruption, using a highly enriched preparation of cardiac sarcolemma prepared from dog ventricular myocardium. About 26% and 29% of vesicles in the preparation, enriched in ouabain-sensitive $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATP ase, $\beta$-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors are rightside-out and inside-out orientation, respectively. Ginseng saponins (triol>total> diol) inhibited $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATP ase activity, $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATPase activity and [$^{3}$H]ouabain binding of sarcolemmal vesicles. However, gypsophila saponin, SDS (0.4$\mu$g/$\mu$g protein) and Triton X-100 (0.6 $\mu$g/$\mu$g protein) caused about 1.35 and 1.40-fold increase in $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATPase activity and [$^{3}$H] oubain binding, respectively. Especially, the activating effect of gypsophila saponin on membrane Na+, K+ ATPase was detected at gypsophila saponin to sarcolemmal protein ratios as high as 100. Low dose of ginseng saponin (3$\mu$g/$\mu$g protein) decreased the phosphorylation sites and the concentration of ouabain binding sites (Bmax) without affecting the turnover number and affinity for ouabain binding, while gypsophila saponin, SDS(0.4 ug/ug protein), ahd Triton X-100 (0.6$\mu$g/$\mu$g protein) increased the Bmax. The results suggest that ginseng saponins cause a decrease in the number of active sites by interacting directly with $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$-ATPase before disruption of membrane barriers of sarcolemmal vesicles.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.25.1-25.6
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• 2023

An eight-year-old Maltese dog presented with diarrhea and anorexia. Ultrasonography revealed marked focal wall thickening with loss of layering in the distal ileum. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a preserved wall layer with hypoattenuating middle wall thickening. In some segments of the lesion, small nodules protruding toward the mesentery from the outer layer were observed. Histopathology revealed focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis (FLL) with lymphangiectasia. This is the first report to describe the CT features of FLL in a dog. CT features of preserved wall layers with hypoattenuating middle wall thickening and small nodules can assist in diagnosing FLL in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.76.1-76.6
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• 2023

An 11-year-old neutered male Miniature Poodle with a stage 3 apocrine gland adenocarcinoma was started on chemotherapy with toceranib phosphate after surgery. Beginning on day 10 of toceranib, the dog's foot pads became erythematous and hyperkeratinized. The dog complained of pain, inability to walk, depression, and loss of appetite. The symptoms resolved when toceranib was discontinued and reappeared when toceranib was resumed. Grade 3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia was identified as an adverse event of toceranib based on the VCOG-CTCAE and Naranjo scale. Although very rare in veterinary medicine, clinicians should consider that palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia can occur after toceranib administration.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2001

Five-month-old a female mongrel puppy weighing 3.5 kg showed no systemic disorder and particular discomfort except abdominal distension at the first visit. On physical examination an irregular abdominal mass was palpated. One month later she was clumsy and uncoordinated. In addition, lethargy and anorexia were appeared. Then she became comatose and died in spite of initial therapy. In radiographic examination enlargement of both sides of kidney was observed. The hematological examination the dog had WBC of 16,250/$\mu$l, RBC of $7.2{\times}10^6$ $\mu$l, PCV of 32%, total protein of 8.0 g/dl, and fibrinogen of 900 mg/dl. In serum chemistry BUN was 87.4 mg/dl and creatinine was 5.1 mg/dl. Urinalysis revealed pH of 5.6, SG of 1.009 and protein of 500 mg/dl. In urine sediment test many RBCs, leukocytes, inflammatory cells and a few epithelial cells were observed. On histopathologic examination the size of right and left kidney were 15 cm, 16 cm in length, 6 cm, 6 cm in widths, respectively. Both sides of kidney were filled with brown-orange fluid and had irregular capsular surface. The cysts of various sizes were located throughout the cortex and medulla. No abnormality was found in any other organs. Histologically, cyst was lined by cuboidal to slightly flattened tubular epithelium and surrounded by mature fibrous connective tissue. Glomeruli, tubule and renal pelvis remained normal between cysts and exfoliated epithelial cells.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.86-94
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• 1999

To invstigate the available dosage and effects of xylazine as preanesthetics on the propofol anesthesia in the dog, the experimental animals were randomly divided into 3 groups (xylazine 0.55 mg/kg (group 1), 1 mg/kg (group 2) and 2 mg/kg (group 3) were premedicated) and, monitored analgesic and anesthetic effect, body temperature, respiratory rate (breaths/minute), heart rate (beats/minutes). Also, hematological and serum chemical changes were monitored. In all experimental groups, the animals were recumbent just after propofol injection and time difference was not detected. Except vomitting after xylazine injection and insignificant ataxia during recovery, no significant side effects were observed. In group 2, loss of toe-web needle prick response time was slightly longer than group 1 but the response in group 2 and group 3 were similar, In group 2 and 3, the duration of anesthesia was longer than group 1 (2 folds) but there was no difference between group 2 and 3. Recovery time was prolonged in proportion to administration dosage of xylazine. In all experimental groups, the body temperature of animals was decresed gradually according to experimental time but no significant changes were monitored. The heart rate and respiratory rate were significantly (p<0.01, p<0.05) decreased after propofol injection Hematologically, no significant changes were monitored in total leukocye numbers, total erythrocye numbers, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum GOT and GPT values Significant changes in all groups were not observed except significant increase in BUN, total-protein and abumin values of group 3. On the basis of these result, premedication of xylazine can be helpful in decresing some side effects and the dosage of propofol. 1 mg/kg of xylazine as preanesthetics on the propofol anesthesia in the dog is considered to be available.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Myosin is considered as the vital motor protein in vertebrates and invertebrates. Our present study was conducted to decipher the occurrence of myosin in dog fish (Squalus mitsukurii). We isolated one clone containing 979 bp cDNA sequence, which consisted of a complete coding sequence of 453 bp and a deduced amino acid sequence of 150 amino acids from the open reading frame with molecular weight, isoelectric point and aliphatic index are 16.72 Kda, 4.49 and 78.00, respectively. It contained 428 bp long 3' UTR with single potential polyadenylation signals (AATAAA). The predicted EF CA²⁺ binding domains were identified in residue 6-41, 83-118 and 133-150. A BLAST search indicates this protein exhibits a strong similarity to whale shark (Rhincodon typus) MLC3 (91% identical) and also house mouse (Mus musculus) MLC isoform 3f (81% identical). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this protein is a MLC 3 isoform like protein. This protein also demonstrates highly conserved region with other myosin proteins. Homology modeling of S. mitsukuri was performed using crystal structure of Gallus gallus skeletal muscle myosin II based on high similarity. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR results exhibits dogfish myosin protein is highly expressed in muscle tissue.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.508-515
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• 2003

A 4-month-old 5.7 kg male Golden retriever with history of seizure, depression, lethargy and anorexia was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Chungbuk National University. Hematologic examination revealed microcytosis and nonregenerative anemia. Serum chemical values showed increased serum ammonia (423 $\mu$mol/L), ALP (1101 U/L), r-GTP (13.9 U/L) and CPK (1454 U/L), and decreased total protein (4.9 g/dl) and BUN (1.6 mg/dl). Microhepatia was shown in survey abdominal radiographs. Color doppler ultrasonographic examination revealed dilated tortuous vein with turbulent flow within liver parenchyma. Intraoperative jejunoportography and intraoperative ultrasonography confirmed the location and size of single intrahepatic shunt vessel in the left medial liver lobe. Also, the anomalous vessel entering the caudal vena cava was identified beneath the diaphragm. The shunting vessel was ligated with using an Ameroid constrictor. General conditions, hematologic and serum chemical values resolved gradually after surgery. One month after surgery abdominal radiograph showed normal gastric axis and it was consistent whit the normal size liver. Normal echogenecity of liver and enlargement of portal vein were shown in ultrasonography. It is assumed that survey radiography and ultrasonography are useful for diagnosis of single intrahepatic shunt in a dog and especially jejunoportography vein portography and intraoperative ultrasonography are suitable for confirmation of the anatomic location and size of the shunting vessels.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2014

The pathological features of a mass in the back skin region of an 8-year-old castrated male dog are described herein. The cut section of the tumor was white to tan with a soft multilobulated mass containing hemorrhagic and necrotic foci and a mucinous-like composition. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of a mixture of lipocytes, lipoblasts, spindle cells and stellate cells and had a myxoid background. Oil red O staining revealed that the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells contained large numbers of lipid droplets. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for vimentin and S-100 protein. The skin mass was diagnosed as myxoid liposarcoma.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2021

Recently, a new method of evaluating left atrial size called vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) was introduced in dogs. Total 155 dogs were examined at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University. In this study, myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) stage and VLAS showed a significant correlation in those dogs. Also, the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and VLAS has yet to be examined. We found a strong positive correlation between VLAS and CRP-a significant increase in CRP was observed with increasing VLAS values. Thus, it would be beneficial to measure VLAS besides employing the current radiological and echocardiographic methods when evaluating heart size. Measuring VLAS could be an additional diagnostic tool for diagnosing MMVD in dogs.