• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.152-156
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 단일 DGS의 전송특성을 ABCD 파라미터로 모델링하여 연속한 N개의 DGS 분석 및 설계를 용이 하게 하였다. 모델링된 식의 검증을 위해 연속된 N개의 주기적 DGS에서 전송특성을 이론, 회로 시뮬레이션, EM 시뮬레이션을 비교하였다. 또한 응용 예로서, 능동안테나의 불요 고조파가 방사하는 것을 저지하기 위한 DGS를 설계 및 시뮬레이션하여 제시된 방법론의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.320-325
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• 2009

The present study was carried out to investigate the acute oral toxicity and anti-obesity effects of a diglyceride preparation containing conjugated linoleic acid (DG+CLA). To test its acute oral toxicity, the DG+CLA was injected into 30 rats (15 males and 15 females) at dosage of 2,000 mg/kg and 5,000 mg/kg. Mortality rates, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored for 14 days following administration. According to the results, the lethal dose ($LD_50$) of DG+CLA was determined as >5,000 mg/kg in both sexes. There were no significant changes in general conditions, clinical signs, body weight, and gross lesions between the vehicle control and DG+CLA groups. For the anti-obesity studies, obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed saline, soybean oil, diglyceride, and DG+CLA, respectively, for 8 weeks. The DG+CLA groups presented significant differences in body weight, food efficiency ratio, serum lipid levels, and fat weight. Overall, the results showed that the DG+CLA did not have acute oral toxicity and reduced body weight, serum lipid levels, and fat gain.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1210-1218
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• 2007

Recently Atopic Dermatitis(AD) is increasing along with allergic disease. At present, there is no infallible cure for AD. Then AD patients undergo great suffering. This study is carried out to see whether or not the administering Danggwieumja(DG) along with Samhwangseje-gamibang(SG} as a medicine for external aplication, is effective in treating atopic dermatitis. To examine the effectiveness of the above prescription, the author made an observation of diverse immune responses. through the model of NC/Nga atopic mice. Results provided evidence that the DG administration along with SG can be used as a treatment means to atopic dermatitis. The results are as follows: The extent of Clinical skin severities in 13 and 16 week old NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG, were reduced by 50.9%, 53.9% respectively, compared to the control NC/Nga mice with no drug treatment. IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM and IgG1 levels in the serum of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG were significantly decreased compared to those of the untreated control mice. In contrary, to the $IFN-{\gamma}$ level, significantly increased. The spleen weight of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG significantly decreased compared to those of the untreated control mice. CCR3 gene expression in the skin tissue of NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG were highly decreased, and the IL-6 expression significantly decreased, and the $IFN-{\gamma}$ gene expression increased compared to those of the untreated control mice. Histological observation of the ear and dorsal skin tissue of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG, showed that the extents of inflammation and infiltrated immune cells in the epidermal tissue and dermis, were highly reduced compared to those of the untreated control mice. In the model inducing COX-2 activity in RAW 264.7 cell, the denser DG became, the more COX-2 activity was inhibited, compared to those of the untreated control group. $IL-1{\beta}$, and $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 gene expression in RAW 264.7 cell with DG, significantly decreased, compared to those of the untreated control group. According to the assessment of cell toxicity in L929 cell, the rate of cell multiplication increased by 3% in consistency to 100ppm of DG compared to the untreated control group and in more than the 200 ppm consistency, cell toxicity was occurred.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1066-1072
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on adipokines and inflammatory reaction in obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children. We studied obese (OG, n=9), type 1 diabetic (DG, n=9), and normal (NG, n=9) children groups. Measurement factors included body weight, % fat, body mass index (BMI), $VO_2max$, lipid profiles and adipokines. The results showed significant differences in body weight, % fat, BMI, and $VO_2max$ (ml/kg/min) among the OG, DG, and NG (p<0.05) groups. There were significant differences in LDL-C and HDL-C between the OG, DG, and NG groups (p<0.05). In addition, adiponectin and retinol binding protein (RBP)-4 were significantly changed in DG and NG after 12 weeks exercise training (p<0.05), and there were also significant differences among the OG, DG, and NG groups (p<0.05). Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the OG, DG, and NG groups was significantly increased after 12 weeks exercise training (p<0.05). In conclusion, regulatory aerobic exercise does not change body composition in obese children with T1DM, but exercise and decreased blood inflammatory factors in T1DM may protect obese children from metabolic syndrome.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.1504-1511
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• 2009

By development of renewable energies and high-efficient facilities and deregulated electricity market, the operation cost of distributed generation(DG) becomes more competitive. The amount of distributed resource is considerably increasing in the distribution network consequently. Also, international environmental regulations of the leaking carbon become effective to keep pace with the global efforts for low-carbon paradigm. It contributes to spread out the business of DG. Therefore, the operator of DG is able to supply electric power to customers who are connected directly to DG as well as loads that are connected to entire network. In this situation, community energy system(CES) having DGs is recently a new participant in the energy market. DG's purchase price from the market is different from the DG's sales price to the market due to the transmission service charges and etc. Therefore, CES who owns DGs has to control the produced electric power per hourly period in order to maximize the profit. If there is no regulation for carbon emission(CE), the generators which get higher production than generation cost will hold a prominent position in a competitive price. However, considering the international environment regulation, CE newly will be an important element to decide the marginal cost of generators as well as the classified fuel unit cost and unit's efficiency. This paper will introduce the optimal operation of CES's DG connected to the distribution network considering CE. The purpose of optimization is to maximize the profit of CES and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) will be used to solve this problem. The optimal operation of DG represented in this paper is to be resource to CES and system operator for determining the decision making criteria.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5471-5476
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• 2015

2-deoxy-D-Glucose (2DG) causes cytotoxicity in cancer cells by disrupting thiol metabolism. It is an effective component in therapeutic strategies. It targets the metabolism of cancer cells with glycolysis inhibitory activity. On the other hand, MLN4924, a newly discovered investigational small molecule inhibitor of NAE (NEDD8 activating enzyme), inactivates SCF E3 ligase and causes accumulation of its substrates which triggers apoptosis. Combination of these components might provide a more efficient approach to treatment. In this research, 2DG and MLN4924 were co-applied to breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and SKBR-3) and cytotoxic and apoptotic activity were evaluated the by Micro culture tetrazolium test (MTT), TUNEL and ELISA methods. Caspase3 and Bcl2 genes expression were evaluated by real time Q-PCR methods. The results showed that MLN4924 and MLN4924/2DG dose-dependently suppressed the proliferation of MCF7 and SKBR-3 cells. Cell survival of breast cancer cells exposed to the combination of 2DG/MLN4924 was decreased significantly compared to controls (p<0.05), while 2DG and MLN4924 alone had less pronounced effects on the cells. The obtained results suggest that 2DG/MLN4924 is much more efficient in breast cancer cell lines with enhanced cytotoxicity via inducing a apoptosis cell signaling gene, caspase-3.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-188
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to reseach the effect of Daehwanggamchoeumja(大黃甘草飮子) and its component groups on diabetes, free radicals, and antioxidants system in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The experimental group was divided into three groups: Daehwanggamchoeumja(DG), and its components groups, Gamdutang (Gamcho&Daedu; DG-I) and Daehwanggamchotang(DG-2). The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the study of effect on diabetic metabolic dysfunction(Glucose, Triglyceride, Total Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, Total Protein, Albumin, Creatine, BUN), only DG has a significant effect. 2. In the study on free radical scavenging effect in vitro(the suppressing effect on peroxidation of linoleic acid on concentration, the scavenging effect of DPPH radical, inhibitory effect of superoxide in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation reaction by hydroxy radical in $H_2O_2Fe^{2-}$system, and the effect on Nitrate reductase activity), DG and DG-2 have more effect than DG-l relatively. 3. In the study on antioxidants system in vivo(The level of serum LPO, The level of hepatic LPO, Catalase, GSH, GST), only DG has a significant effect. These results suggest that Daehwanggamchoeumja(大黃甘草飮子) has an effect on diabetes, peroxidative damage by free radical, so it seems to be useful to prevent and treat diabetes. The mechanisms of these are supposed to be involved in antioxidant and three drugs' cooperative synergy effect.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2022

Background: Trunk movements are an important factor in activities of daily living; however, these movements can be impaired by stroke. It is difficult to quantify and measure the active range of motion (AROM) of the trunk in patients with stroke. Objects: To determine the reliability and validity of measurements using a digital goniometer (DG) and smart phone (SP) applications for trunk rotation and lateral flexion in stroke patients. Methods: This is an observational study, in which twenty participants were clinically diagnosed with stroke. Trunk rotation and lateral flexion AROM were assessed using the DG and SP applications (Compass and Clinometer). Intrarater reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the validity of the DG and SP in AROM measurement. The level of agreement between the two instruments was shown by Bland-Altman plot and 95% limit of agreement (LoA) was calculated. Results: The intrarater reliability (rotation with DG: 0.96-0.98, SP: 0.98; lateral flexion with DG: 0.97-0.98, SP: 0.96) was excellent. A strong and significant correlation was found between DG and SP (rotation hemiplegic side: r = 0.95; non-hemiplegic side: r = 0.90; lateral flexion hemiplegic side: r = 0.88; non-hemiplegic side: r = 0.78). The level of agreement between the two instruments was rotation (hemiplegic side: 23.02° [LoA 17.41°, -5.61°]; non-hemiplegic side: 31.68° [LoA 23.87°, -7.81°]) and lateral flexion (hemiplegic side: 20.94° [LoA 17.48°, -3.46°]; non-hemiplegic side: 27.12° [LoA 18.44°, -8.68°]). Conclusion: Both DG and SP applications can be used as reliable methods for measuring trunk rotation and lateral flexion in patients with stroke. Although, considering the level of clinical agreement, DG and SP could not be used interchangeably for measurements.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1582-1589
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• 2016

In this paper the integration of Distributed Generation (DG) in radial distribution system is investigated by computing the optimal site and size of DG to be placed. An analytical expression based on equivalent current injection has been derived by utilizing topological structure of radial distribution system to find optimal size of DG to minimize losses. In the presented formulation, the optimal DG placement is obtained without repeatedly computing the load flow. The proposed formulation can be used to find the optimal size of all types of DGs namely Type-I, Type-II, Type-III and Type-IV DGs. The investigations are carried out on IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus radial distribution systems. The optimal DG placement results into reduction in active and reactive power losses and improvement in voltage profile of the buses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.83-88
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• 2014

When DG interconnection into network is examined, details of the review are overvoltage, protective device malfunction, etc. In the case of protective device malfunction, replacing protective device into bi-directional protective device and installation NGR are the solution. Overvoltage at interconnection point occurs because the load is relatively less than DG output. When overvoltage at interconnection point occurs, DG interconnection is not permitted because this overvoltage affect other customers. Interconnection by installation new distribution line is one solution but it costs much money. Without installation new investment, change of NOP(Normal Open Point) position is a possible solution about DG interconnection into network.