• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1192-1198
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• 2011

Peri-partum metabolic profile was evaluated in winter and summer calving, with 15 Murrah buffaloes in each seasonal group. In summer calvers, significantly lower values were observed for blood plasma urea nitrogen (BUN) at day 30 pre-partum (p<0.05), on calving day (p<0.05) and at all other stages (p<0.01); plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) values were significantly lower on day 30 pre-partum (p<0.01) and on day 60 post-partum (p<0.05). This was associated with significant reduction in days to first service (DFS) and service per conception (SPC) and an overall better reproductive performance in terms of service period, risk to first service on days 60, 90 and >90, and pregnancy risk to first service up to days 60 and 90. This may be attributed to better pre-partum nutritional status. Cervical and uterine involution were completed in fewer days, involutional changes took place at a faster pace and there were a lower number of abnormal involutional changes in winter compared to summer season. This may be attributed to better post-partum nutrition and less environmental stress. However, validation requires further targeted cohort investigation with a large sample size.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2012

In this study a survey was conducted of a total of 187 insurance sales workers from 10 branches of S Insurance Company located around Korea to gather information on causes of dental fear. Results revealed that the group who had experienced direct dental pain in the past showed higher fear levels than the group without such experience. With respect to indirect dental pain, the group with such experience showed higher fear levels in 'fear of dental appointments' and 'fear of antiseptic smells than the group without such experience. Concerning gender, higher fear levels were observed among females than among males. It was also found that the majority of the respondents seldom go for a regular dental check-up regardless of whether they had experienced direct or indirect pain during dental treatment. In addition, there was positive correlation among all the items in the Dental Fear Survey Scale at a significance level of 0.1%. Twenty of all the DFS items were found to be related to causes of dental fear, meaning that most of the elements involving the dentistry may contribute to the development of dental fear among dentally fearful people.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.2052-2067
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• 2011

Complementary trees are two spanning trees rooted at the sink node satisfying that any source node's two paths to the sink node on the two trees are node-disjoint. Complementary trees routing strategy is a special node-disjoint multi-path routing approach. Several complementary trees routing algorithms have been proposed, in which path discovery methods based on depth first search (DFS) or Dijkstra's algorithm are used to find a path for augmentation in each round of path augmentation step. In this paper, a novel path discovery method based on multi-tree-growing (MTG) is presented for the first time to our knowledge. Based on this path discovery method, a complementary trees routing algorithm is developed with objectives of low average path length on both spanning trees and low complexity. Measures are employed in our complementary trees routing algorithm to add a path with nodes near to the sink node in each round of path augmentation step. The simulation results demonstrate that our complementary trees routing algorithm can achieve low average path length on both spanning trees with low running time, suitable for wireless sensor networks in industrial scenarios.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2735-2738
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• 2012

Background: Our objective was to clarify the clinical and biological characteristics of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) and non-basal-like breast cancer (TN3BKE) in Heilongjiang. Methods: We examined, by immunohistochemistry, expression of biological markers cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and B cell specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1( Bmi-1) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We studied the correlation between BLBC and several factors related to tumor progression, along with its prognostic value. Results: In the 229 cases of operable TNBC, BLBC was detected in 178 (77.7%) and TN3BKE- in 51 (22.2%). There was no significant difference in clinicopathological factors between them, However, BLBC was significantly associated with Bmi-1 expression (P=0.000) and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.045) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.041). Conclusions: Compared with the non-basal group, patients with BLBC have a high expression of Bmi-1 and a poor prognosis.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

Every site has a different given geometrical and climatic condition, which influenced not only the lifestyle of the humanbeings but also the regional architecture. For example, on a cold region, the reduction of the energy loss is necessary, like an igloo, which has a littlest energy loss at hemisphere. Or on a warm region, the house must be protected thermally from the overheating at the sunshining. like a huge shading. An architectural interpretation in the (extreme) moderate climate, like Korea, has always tried to satisfy the both opposite demands simultaneously. A facade, which divides out- and inside, has an ideal position to lead the regulated regional climatic conditions into the room. The Double Facade System(DFS) is well known as an innovative solution in the european countries, like Germany. It provides an reasonable alternative, which can achieve these goals at the same time. A Double Facade System provides an effective sunshade, which means a cooling energy reduction at the warm season. In addition, it enables a natural ventilation at the cold season with the preheating at the system as well as spring and autumn. An ordinary Single Facade System with a inside or outside sun blind provides a solution just for a specified season, like a summer or winter. But the Double Facade System can deal with the various climatic conditions in the moderate climate.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.304-309
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• 2015

Applicable range of Photoplethysmography (PPG) becomes wider as a non-invasive physiological measurement technique. However, PPG waveform is easy to be distorted by ambient light or vascular variation from temperature changes. Especially, irregular variation of PPG waveform caused by ambient temperature not only severely distorts the PPG, but also leads miss interpretation in clinical applications. Therefore, the investigation of between temperature and PPG waveform is quite important in using PPG. The purpose of this research is to quantify the PPG waveform characteristic and to investigate the waveform variation following the temperature change on measuring site. To quantify the fluctuation of PPG waveform, we use two techniques; detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and AC/DC analysis of PPG. We record PPG under temperature stress, which applied by medical use heat pack ($40^{\circ}C$) and ice pack ($0^{\circ}C$). Ten participants were applied to the experiment, and the result was evaluated to approve the temperature effect with statistical method, Wilcoxon signed rank test. The result shows that the AC component (p<0.05) and perfusion index DFS scale exponent (p<0.01) of PPG have the significance to temperature stress except for a DC component of PPG.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.97-106
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• 2005

Since traffic engineering in 1950's, 'speed control technology' has experienced tremendous growth and developed constantly. However, speeding remains a major safety concern on many roadways. Many crashes is believed to be the result of driving too fast. Recently the speed reduction device, the speed monitoring display with ITS technologies have developed and introduced in many countries including our nation, Korea. Therefore This paper describes an evaluation of the use of a speed monitoring display, speed limit sign, and school zone sign. Two conditions were evaluated; without installation of Speed Monitoring Display, in Operation of Speed Monitoring Display.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.610-627
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the caries activity and cariogenic factors in children in different residence areas. The subjects of the study were 268 kindergarten children who were selected from the downtown area(D), apartment area(A), suburban area(S), and rural area(R) in and around the city of Iksan, Korea. Caries activity was measured as past caries experience (dft index and dfs index) and salivary reductase activity (Resazurin Disc Test scores). Cariogenic factors were investigated by a questionnaire. The results were as follows: Reductase activity S > R > D > A dt index R, S > D, A ft index D - the highest dft index A - the lowest ds index R - the highest fs index D - the highest Toothbrushing frequency A - the highest, R - the lowest Toothbrushing before bed D, A > S, R Toothbrushing by parents S, R > A, D Sweets intake freqeuncy A - the highest, S - the lowest Distance to dental office D < A < S < R Dental treatment experience D - the highest, A - the lowest Flouride application rate D > S > R > A Sealant application rate D > A, S > R Birth order A, S > R, D Age D > S > R, A

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2007

This study was carried out to minimize the lifting force and to design the slim sized frame of a height adjustment mechanism. This unit is designed for the display devices in order to enhance the ergonomics for effective height adjustment as well as to achieve much slimmer frame for the pedestal. A tolerance analysis of 6 sigma was applied to achieve smooth lift at design stage not to change the tolerance specification of gap several times in a roller type of lifting mechanism at mass production stage. The specification of minimum gap and the target of production yield ratio were agreed with a quality team before tooling. A DFSS simulation on drawings had been done with reasonable tolerance and achievable standard deviation(${\sigma}$) several times until the target specification of gap and yield ratio was met. Once tolerance and deviation(${\sigma}$) were fixed tooling start was done successfully. A CAE method was applied to achieve a slim design. Design parameters were frozen when those parameters matched the reference strength data of standard model. Through those tolerance analysis and CAE simulation the number of tool modification was reduced and production yield ratio was raised up without arguing quality specification at production stage in the end.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2006

The important function of Ball-Stop part is to operate power shift using suitable pneumatic force for vehicle with more than 5 ton when a driver changes gear. In this paper, we have applied the concept of the DFSS(Design for Six Sigma) to robust design of Ball-Stop part. First, we have found the control factors which could mainly influence the performance of the Ball-Stop part. The simulations of contact between head and detent pin was performed to evaluate effect of control factors according to DOE(Design of experiment) by using $ADAMS^{(R)}$. Finally, we have obtained optimal levels of each factors using $MINITAB^{(R)}$. Through the comparison of the result of optimized design with one of inintial design, we have verified the usefulness of DFSS method which can be applied to robust design of mechanical systems.