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Tobacco Smoking Could Accentuate Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Th2-Type Response in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

  • Ki-Il Lee;Younghwan Han;Jae-Sung Ryu;Seung Min In;Jong-Yeup Kim;Joong Su Park;Jong-Seok Kim;Juhye Kim;Jubin Youn;Seok-Rae Park
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.35.1-35.16
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    • 2022
  • Tobacco smoking (TS) has been known as one of the most potent risk factors for airway inflammatory diseases. However, there has been a paucity of information regarding the immunologic alteration mediated by TS in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). To identify the effect of TS, we harvested human tissue samples (never smoker: n=41, current smoker: n=22, quitter: n=23) and analyzed the expression of epithelial-derived cytokines (EDCs) such as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. The expressions of Th2 cytokines and total serum IgE showed a type-2 inflammatory alteration by TS. In addition, the epithelial marker E-cadherin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated markers (N-cadherin, α-SMA, and vimentin) were evaluated. Histological analysis showed that EDC expressions were upregulated in the current smoker group and downregulated in the quitter group. These expression patterns were consistent with mRNA and protein expression levels. We also found that the local Th2 cytokine expression and IgE class switching, as well as serum IgE levels, were elevated in the current smoker group and showed normal levels in the quitter group. Furthermore, the expressions of E-cadherin decreased while those of N-cadherin, α-SMA, and vimentin increased in the current smoker group compared those in the never smoker group. Taken together, these results indicate that TS contributes to the deterioration of pathogenesis by releasing local EDCs and Th2 cytokines, resulting in EMT in patients with CRSwNP. We verified that alterations of immunological response by TS in sinonasal epithelium can play a vital role in leading to CRSwNP.

An Analysis of Major Trail Deterioration in Urban Natural Park - A Focus on Apsan Park in Daegu Metropolitan City - (도시자연공원의 주요 등산로 훼손실태 분석 - 대구광역시 앞산공원을 대상으로 -)

  • Park, In-Hwan;Lee, Hea-Young;Cho, Kwang-Jin;Jang, Gab-Sue
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.33-40
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    • 2010
  • Many trails have been built and utilized in each sub-basin of Apsan Park. This study focused on the conditions and the present flora of several overused trails within three basins called Kun-Gol, Anjiroung-Gol, and Meaja-Gol in Apsan Park. There are two purposes for this study. The first is to make a plan for restoration by classifying the type of damage to these overused trails. The second is to provide preliminary data for reestablishing a more pleasant urban nature park. As a result of the survey, the average length of these trails is 9.0km and mean width is 2.0 to 2.6m. 2,108m of the sections studied(23.4% of the total) had exposed root, 3,199m of the sections studied (35.5% of the total) had exposed rock, 3,270m of the sections studied(36.6% of the total) displayed damaged pathways, and 4,841m of the sections studied (53.8% of the total) had higher soil hardness. Eighty-three areas of deterioration were found and there has been extensive property destruction. As an indication of human disturbances, the Naturalization Index and Urbanization Index appeared as: Kun-Gol, 7.0%, 5.5%; Anjiroung-Gol, 8.3%, 4.5%; Meaja-Gol 8.6%, 6.2%; in total, 7.8%, 8.3%. As a method of checking the level and extent of the damage process, an impact rating classification was used at each point on the trails. Kun-Gol had the highest rating and Anjiroung-Gol had the lowest rating in impact rating classification. With the impact rating classification, it was found that each trail would continue to worsen, meaning that roots and rocks are more likely to be further exposed and the trail width will continue to widen through overuse. An actual plan for reparations and restoration of the trails is needed through further study.

A Clinicopathological Study of Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis in Children (소아 급속 진행성 사구체 신염의 임상-병리학적 고찰)

  • Cho Hee-Yeon;Chung Dae-Lim;Kang Ju-Hyung;Ha Il-Soo;Choi Yong;Cheong Hae-Il
    • Childhood Kidney Diseases
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.176-185
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    • 2004
  • Purpose: Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a clinicopathologic entity characterized by extensive crescent formation and rapid deterioration of renal function within few months. For better understanding of its clinical course and designing better treatment strategies, a clinicopathological study of childhood RPGN was performed. Methods: The clinical manifestations and pathological findings were reviewed retrospectively in 12 children who were diagnosed as having RPGN by clinical manifestations and renal biopsy during a period from 1991 to 2003. Several clinicopathological parameters were analyzed as prognostic factors. Results: Among a total of 12 patients, 4 were male and 8 were female. The median onset age was 11.5 years(range 5.5-14.6 years), and the median period of follow-up was 25 months(range 7 months-6.6 years). According to the pathological classification, 10 patients (83%) were type II RPGN(immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis), 2 patients were type III RPGN(pauci-immune glomerulonephritis), and none was type I RPGN(anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis). All patients were treated with oral steroid in various combinations with methylprednisolone pulse therapy(10 patients, 83%), cyclophosphamide(8 patients, 67%), or plasmapheresis(4 patients, 33%). Clinical outcomes of 12 patients were complete remission in 1(8%), end-stage renal disease in 2(17%), chronic renal insufficiency with persistent proteinuria in 2(17%), and normal renal function with persistent proteinuria in 7(58%) at the last follow-up. Poor prognosis is associated with increased serum creatinine level, severe anemia and younger age at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: Immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis is the major cause RPGN in children and most cases showed improvement of renal function with aggressive management. For better understanding of this rare disease, a prospective multicenter study should be done.

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Resolution Method of Hazard Factor for Life Safety in Rental Housing Complex (임대주택단지의 생활안전 위해요인 해소방안)

  • Sohn, Jeong-Rak;Cho, Gun-Hee;Kim, Jin-Won;Song, Sang-Hoon
    • Land and Housing Review
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2017
  • The government has been constructing and supplying public rental housing to ordinary people in order to stabilize housing since 1989. However, the public rental houses initially supplied to ordinary people are at high risk for safety accidents due to the deterioration of the facilities. Therefore, this study is aimed to propose a solution to solve the life safety hazards of the old rental housing complex as a follow-up study of Analysis of Accident Patterns and Hazard Factor for Life Safety in Rental Housing Complex. Types of life safety accidents that occur in public rental housing complexes are sliding, falling, crash, falling objects, breakage, fire accidents, traffic accidents and criminal accidents. The types of safety accidents that occur in rental housing complexes analyzed in this study are sliding, crashes, falling objects, and fire accidents. Although the incidence of safety accidents such as falling, breakage, traffic accidents and crime accidents in public rental housing complexes is low, these types are likely to cause safety accidents. The method of this study utilized interviews and seminar results, and it suggested ways to solve the life safety hazards in rental housing complexes. Interviews were conducted with residents and managers of rental housing complexes. Seminars were conducted twice with experts in construction, maintenance, asset management, housing welfare and safety. Through interviews and seminars, this study categorizes the life safety hazards that occur in rental housing complexes by types of accidents and suggests ways to resolve them as follows. (1) sliding ; use of flooring materials with high friction coefficient, installation of safety devices such as safety handles, implementation of maintenance, safety inspections and safety education, etc. (2) falling ; supplementation of safety facilities, Improvement of the design method of the falling parts, Safety education, etc. (3) crash ; increase the effective width of the elevator door, increase the effective width of the lamp, improve the lamp type (U type ${\rightarrow}$ I type), etc. (4) falling objects and breakage ; design of furniture considering the usability of residents, replacement of old facilities, enhancement of safety consciousness of residents, safety education, etc. (5) fire accidents ; installation of fire safety equipment, improvement by emergency evacuation, safety inspection and safety education, etc. (6) traffic accidents ; securing parking spaces, installing safety facilities, conducting safety education, etc. (7) criminal accidents; improvement of CCTV pixels, installation of street lights, removal of blind spots in the complex, securing of security, etc. The roles of suppliers, administrators and users of public rental housing proposed in this study are summarized as follows. Suppliers of rental housing should take into consideration the risk factors that may arise not only in the design and construction but also in the maintenance phase and should consider the possibility of easily repairing old facilities considering the life cycle of rental housing. Next, Administrators of rental housing should consider the safety of the users of the rental housing, conduct safety checks from time to time, and immediately remove any hazardous elements within the apartment complex. Finally, the users of the rental housing needs to form a sense of ownership of all the facilities in the rental housing complex, and efforts should be made not to cause safety accidents caused by the user's carelessness. The results of this study can provide the necessary information to enable residents of rental housing complexes to live a safe and comfortable residential life. It is also expected that this information will be used to reduce the incidence of safety accidents in rental housing complexes.

An Analysis of 94 Percutaneous Renal Biopsies (경피적 신생검 94례에 대한 분석)

  • Kang, Ho-Jung;Lim, Sang-Woo;Do, Joo-Yeung;Yoon, Kyung-Woo
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.84-95
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    • 1995
  • A clinical and histopathological study was performed on ninety-four patients with nephrotic syndrome (91 idiopathic and 3 secondary) who were admitted to Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital during the period of nine years, from January 1985 to May 1994. The results were as following. 1. the ratio of male to female was 1.76:1. In young age group, minimal change was the most predominant type. In old age group, membranous glomerulonephritis and focal glomerulosclerosis were predominant types. 2. The primary nephrotic syndromes were 96.8% and secondary nephrotic syndromes were 3.2%. Histopathologic findings of 94 renal biopsy tissue were classified into minimal change (43.6%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (29.8%), membranous glomerulonephritis (12.8%), TypeI membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis (4.3%), focal glomerulosclerosis (3.2%) and others (6.4%). 3. The response of eighty-six patients treated with steroid showed complete remission in 51.2%, partial remission in 20.9%, steroid dependent in 2.3%, and no effect in 25.6% of cases respectively. The response to steroid therapy was most effective in the patients with minimal change lesion. 4. In the patient with membranous proliferative glomerulonephlitis, long-term angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor treatment showed less deterioration of renal function.

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Revisiting the trilemma of modern welfare states - Application of the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis - (복지국가 트릴레마 양상의 변화 - 퍼지셋 이상형 분석의 적용 -)

  • Shin, Dong-Myeon;Choi, Young Jun
    • 한국사회정책
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.119-147
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    • 2012
  • This paper aims to explore whether the trilemma of welfare states has been a valid argument about the recent change of welfare states. Based on fuzzy-set ideal type analysis of data from seventeen OECD countries, it examines that welfare states have achieved three core policy objectives -income equality, employment growth and fiscal discipline- in the service economy during the period between 1981 and 2010. The evidence presented in this paper does not support the trilemma of the service economy where only two goals can be pursued successfully at one time, at a cost of the other remained goal. The trilemma has been effective only to the countries in liberal welfare regime where employment growth and fiscal discipline has been achieved at a cost of higher levels of income equality. However, conservative welfare-state regimes have experienced the deterioration of income equality and fiscal restraint after the mid 1980s and it seems that they have diverged into various models. In the countries of the social democratic welfare regime, the goals of equality and employment have been achieved simultaneously together with fiscal discipline since the early 2000s. While they are classified as the perfect model in the research, Southern European welfare states including Greece and Italy, classified as 'the crisis model', have not performed well in all the three aspects. On the evidence presented in this paper, it can be said that the trilemma of welfare states in the service economy is not effective to explain the policy goals of welfare state as well as the result of redistributive politics in the service economy.

A Study on the Worst Stress Condition Test Evaluation of Blowers for Small Stationary Fuel Cell System (소용량 건물용 연료전지시스템 블로워의 가혹조건 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kangsoo;Lee, Deokkwon;Lee, Jungwoon;Kim, Eunjung;Kim, Inchan;Kim, Younggyu;Shin, Hunyong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.34-40
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    • 2012
  • The fuel cell is one of the renewable energy sources. And it is a new source of energy that can be applied to various fuels and continuously supported by the excellent city-gas infrastructure. It is important to improve performances and reliabilities, and reduce the cost of fuel cell systems for commercialization. And, some safety performances of blower domestically produced are evaluated and some improvements are researched to save the cost of fuel cell systems. In this paper, the performance and worst stress condition of blowers are evaluated in operating environment similar to the fuel cell systems. Actually, the correlation of flow, leakage and thermal behavior are evaluated in the worst stress condition at $70^{\circ}C$ and, some major factors of blower degradation such as a motor deterioration, material and structures of the outlet are examined.

All Solution processed BiVO4/WO3/SnO2 Heterojunction Photoanode for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

  • Baek, Ji Hyun;Lee, Dong Geon;Jin, Young Un;Han, Man Hyung;Kim, Won Bin;Cho, In Sun;Jung, Hyun Suk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2016.02a
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    • pp.417-417
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    • 2016
  • Global environmental deterioration has become more serious year by year and thus scientific interests in the renewable energy as environmental technology and replacement of fossil fuels have grown exponentially. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell consisting of semiconductor photoelectrodes that can harvest light and use this energy directly to split water, also known as photoelectrolysis or solar water splitting, is a promising renewable energy technology to produce hydrogen for uses in the future hydrogen economy. A major advantage of PEC systems is that they involve relatively simple processes steps as compared to many other H2 production systems. Until now, a number of materials including TiO2, WO3, Fe2O3, and BiVO4 were exploited as the photoelectrode. However, the PEC performance of these single absorber materials is limited due to their large charge recombinations in bulk, interface and surface, leading low charge separation/transport efficiencies. Recently, coupling of two materials, e.g., BiVO4/WO3, Fe2O3/WO3 and CuWO4/WO3, to form a type II heterojunction has been demonstrated to be a viable means to improve the PEC performance by enhancing the charge separation and transport efficiencies. In this study, we have prepared a triple-layer heterojunction BiVO4/WO3/SnO2 photoelectrode that shows a comparable PEC performance with previously reported best-performing nanostructured BiVO4/WO3 heterojunction photoelectrode via a facile solution method. Interestingly, we found that the incorporation of SnO2 nanoparticles layer in between WO3 and FTO largely promotes electron transport and thus minimizes interfacial recombination. The impact of the SnO2 interfacial layer was investigated in detail by TEM, hall measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. In addition, our planar-structured triple-layer photoelectrode shows a relatively high transmittance due to its low thickness (~300 nm), which benefits to couple with a solar cell to form a tandem PEC device. The overall PEC performance, especially the photocurrent onset potential (Vonset), were further improved by a reactive-ion etching (RIE) surface etching and electrocatalyst (CoOx) deposition.

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Relationship between fatigue resistance and fracture behavior of the carbon fiber sheet and carbon fiber strand sheet reinforced RC slabs (Carbon fiber sheet 및 carbon fiber strand sheet 접착보강한 RC 상판의 내피로성과 파괴거동과의 상관관계)

  • Won, Chan Ho;Abe, Tadashi;Ahn, Tae-Ho;Kim, Do Keun
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.294-298
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    • 2015
  • According to the results of "Highway Bridges Long Life Repair Plan." The most serious damage to RC slabs is caused by fatigue deterioration, which results from the driving loads of large-sized vehicles, and aging of materials. In response to this, adhesion reinforcement using carbon fiber sheet is being adopted. In addition, carbon fiber strand sheet that holds the same material characteristics as CFS, but has superior workability, has been developed as a new reinforcement material. However, almost no studies have been conducted on CFSS in relation to fatigue resistance evaluation through fatigue tests under running wheel loads, with the exception of a few by some organizations. Therefore, in this study, specimens with front CFS adhesion reinforcement on the bottom surface of the RC slab and specimens with grid-type CFSS reinforcement were manufactured. Then, fatigue tests under running wheel loads were conducted, and thus fatigue resistance was evaluated using the specimens.

A Design for Realtime Monitoring System and Data Analysis Verification TA to Improve the Manufacturing Process Using HW-SW Integrated Framework (HW-SW 통합 프레임워크를 활용한 제조공정 개선을 위한 실시간 모니터링 시스템과 데이터 분석검증 TA설계)

  • Kim, Jae Chun;Jin, Seon A;Park, Young Hee;Noh, Seong Yeo;Lee, Hyun Dong
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.4 no.9
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    • pp.357-370
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    • 2015
  • Massive data occurred in a manufacturing place is able to fulfill very important roll to improve the manufacturing process. Domestic manufacturing business has been making an multilateral effort to react the change of manufacturing circumstance, but it undergoes many difficulties due to technical weakness. Coatings is a type of paint. It protect products by forming a film layer on the products and assigns various properties to those. The research of coatings is one of the fields studied actively in the polymer industry. The importance of the coatings in various industries is more increased. However, the industry still performs a mixing process in dependence on operator's experiences. In this paper, we propose a design for realtime monitoring system and data analysis verification TA to improve the manufacturing process using HW-SW integrated framework. Analysis results from the proposed framework are able to improve the coatings formulation process by collecting more quantitative reference data for work and providing it to work place. In particular, the framework may reduce the deterioration and loss cost which are caused by absence of a standard data as a accurate formulation criteria. It also may suggest a counterplan regarding errors which can be occurred in the future by deriving a standard calibration equation from the analysis using R and Design of Experiments about an error data generated in the mixing step.