• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-72
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• 2010

Purpose: All masks are created by craftspeople. Accordingly, most masks are generally predictable in dimensions, and the portraitures usually depict the faces and heads of humans. The authors found some masks representing the features of facial asymmetry, such as hemifacial microsomia and rerely lateral facial cleft. Methods: Reviewing the legends of wearing masks with a medley of grotesque features, the authors could deduce the tone of society in those days. Results: A mask, 'crooked mouth', of Native Americans shows typical lineament of hemifacial microsomia. The deformity of the face was legendarily regarded as resulting from trauma caused by either 'one's fault' or a 'curse of God'. 'Grandmother' mask, used in the Korean masque dance of the Kosung province and Sooyoung province also shows the typical features of hemifacial microsomia which represent the old, deserted wife. 'Kori sanni yakka' mask in Sri Lanka, shows the facial asymmetry. In the legend, the child who became demon captured humans and caused illness through wind, phlegm, and bile to revenge on his father who killed his mother by deception of her maid. Conclusion: The authors presume that the victims of severe facial asymmetry were treated contemptuously at that time.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.9B
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• pp.760-766
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• 2008

As a backbone network, wireless mesh network (WMN) aims to provide reliable high throughput network connectivity to wireless users. Recent research has focused on routing and channel allocation to increase the capacity of wireless mesh backbones. Wireless mesh networking is an attractive solution for home, community, and enterprise networks as it is a self-configuring, instantly deployable, and lowcost networking system. In this paper, we empirically evaluate and analyze charateristic of WMN to establish WMN testbed by measurement. We use laptops and net4826 Soekris board widely used. Soekris boards are equipped with one network interface card (NIC) or above in our measurements. We also use paket generator, routing demon tools and so on. Throughout this measurements, we show limitation of Soekris board and software we use, and suggest guideline to establish WMN.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.34
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• pp.195-208
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• 1997

1) The color of JOGORI and CHIMA was such gorgeous and those garments were put on during the events of GAM-EUNG-CHUNG-BAI HO-GU-GEO-RI JO-SANG-GEO-RI DEWT-JUN and CHAN-BOO-GEO-RI. 2)BULSA-JANG-SAM(JE-SUK-GEO-RI) was white colored and had wide sleeves putting on a pink priestrobe and a pink belt on it 3) they put on HONG-CHUL-NIK(GU-REUNG) and CHONG-CHUL-NIK(DAE-GEO-RI). 4)They put on GOO-GUN-BOK(JUN-RIP JUN-BOK(BYUL-SUNG-GEO-RI) DONG-DA-RI(Expel the demon) 5) MONG-DOO-RI(MAN-SIN-MAL-BYUNG) put on the garment constructed with the color and from of a white straight collar a wide sleeve and a pink belt 6) A long robe was colored with green (GAM-EUNG-CHUNG-BAI) and was used not as a headdress but as a man's overcoat. 7) CHANG-EUI was a green colored small CHAHG-EUI(SUNG-JO-GEO-RI). As observed above the Shaman apprel during Chosun Dynasty is a part of the traditional clothing originated from THE THEORY OF THE COSMIC DUAL FORCES and THEORY OF THE COSMIC DUAL FORCES and the FIVE ELEMENTS (i.e. metal wood water fire and earth) It's basic form and wearing method were not so different from the traditional clothing silmilar to the official uniform during Chosun Dynasty and the official uniform was the symbol of authority(almost almighty) at that time of period and to that the Shaman apparel was constructed with the more gorgeous colors to emphasize the sanctity or the descent of the Divine Being from heaven. We realized that a Shaman had put on the symbolic garment suitable for the grade and nature of the Divine Body at every events to enter into " The World of Gods"Gods."

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.821-826
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• 2008

Nanocrystallized glasses with the composition of $(50-x)BaO-xTiO_2-50SiO_2$ (x=10, 15, 16.7 and 20) have been prepared by heat-treatment at $T_x$ (crystallization onset temperature) for 3 h, and their optical properties, photoluminescence (PL), XRD and Raman spectra have been examined. The absorption edges of the glasses were red-shifted and the absorption coefficient increased with an increase of $TiO_2$. The glass subjected to the heat-treatment showed a dense formation of ${Ba_2}{TiSi_2}{O_8}$ crystals. The XRD and Raman results show that the nanocrystallized glasses formed fresnoite phase up to $TiO_2$ concentrations of 15 mol%. Further-more, blue luminescence with a peak at the wavelength of around 470nm was observed in the nanocrystallized glass, demon strating the optical multifunctional nanocrystallized material such as non-linear optics and photo-luminescence. It is thought that the blue luminescence from the ${Ba_2}{TiSi_2}{O_8}$ nanocrystallized glass originated from the presence of $Ti^{4+}$ incorporated into the fresnoite-type structure.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.188-191
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of light, temperature, and priming treatment on the germination of Bidens bipinnata seeds for the purpose of cultivation of new vegetable crop. The results showed that the treatment of $25^{\circ}C$ yielded the highest germination percentages and the highest germination speed in both light and dark conditions. Light condition had no effect on the germination of B. bipinnata. Priming treatments demon-strated the following improved germination percentages: $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 0.1 M (68.3%), $K_3PO_4$ 0.1 M (63.3%), and $KNO_3$ 0.1 M (53.3%), with $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 0.1 M treatment giving the greatest improvement. Consequentially, the results suggested that $25^{\circ}C$ light condition, and $K_3PO_4$ 0.1 M or $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 0.1 M priming treatments would be effective method to improve the germination of Bidens bipinnata seeds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.593-599
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• 2007

PC based DVR replaces existing analog CCTV system therefore expands the field and DVR is used for monitoring and security so it requires exact time(clock). But DVR system can't maintains exact clock causing several reasons. For providing exact time information we should use additional system. For economical and usable environment, using GPS system is most suitable suggested solution than use WAN(Wide Area Network). Therefore in this paper for analysis the result of PC based DVR's system clock using GPS system, 1) clock source receiving module that receives the clock form GPS satellite and 2) GPSW H/W units that provide clock source to PC Based DVR 3)Daemon software named PCSW which adjust PC's clock so system could reduced the clock difference with UTC clock and measured the result.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.662-669
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• 2004

The highly water-soluble monomethoxypoly(ethyleneglycol) (mPEG) prod rugs of cyciosporin A(CsA) were synthesized. These prod rugs were prepared by initially preparing intermediate in the form of carbonate at the 3'-positions of CsA with chloromethyl chloroformate, in the pres-ence of a base to provide a 3'-carbonated CsA intermediate. Reaction of the CsA intermediate with mPEG derivative in the presence of a base provides the desired water-soluble prod rugs. As a model, we chose molecular weight 5 kDa mPEG in the reaction with CsA to give water soluble prodrugs. To prove that the prod rug is decomposed in the body to produce CsA, the enzymatic hydrolysis test was conducted using human liver homogenate at $37^{\circ}C$. The prodrug was decomposed in human liver homogenate to produce the active material, CsA, and the hydrolysis half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of the prodrug, KI-306 was 2.2 minutes at $37^{\circ}C$. However, a demon-stration of non-enzymatic conversion in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer was provided by the fact that the half-life ($t_{1/2}$) is 21 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$. The hydrolysis test in rat whole blood was also conducted. The hydrolysis was seen with half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of about 9.9, 65.0, 14.2, 3.4, 2.1 9.5, and 1.6 minutes for KI-306, 309, 312, 313, 315, 316, and 317, respectively. This is the ideal for CsA prodrug. The pharmacokinetic study of the prodrug, KI-306, in comparison to the commer-cial product (Sandimmune Neoral Solution) was also carried out after single oral dose. Each rat received 7 mg／kg of CsA equivalent dose. Especially, the prodrug KI-306 exhibits higher AUC and $C_{max}$ than the conventional Neoral. The AUC and $C_{max}$ were increased nearly 1.5 fold. The kinetic value was also seen with $T_{max}$ of about 1.43 and 2.44 hours for KI-306 and Neoral, respectively.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.385-390
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• 2017

Owing to the development of IT technology, a computerized system in various ways such as a variety of company's businesses, factory automation system and hospital healthcare system is introduced and operated. And it is possible to say that a computer system is more important than anything else to the extent that all businesses are suspended in case the system is down. Attention should be always paid to environmental management such as temperature, humidity and fire in server room for the normal operation of system in this situation. It is thought that there is necessity for a low-cost system which independently monitors environment round the clock in the situation where the person in charge doesn't pay attention and which informs a person in charge in real time when an event occurs for the operation of this small server room. Consequently, it is to be hoped that the suspension of service provided by computer system, which may occur due to a specific event, can be prevented.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the mandibular dental and basal arch forms in subjects with normal occlusion and compare them with those of Class III malocclusion using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 32 normal occlusion (19 males, 13 females; 24.3 years) and 33 Class III malocclusion subjects (20 males, 13 females, 22.2 years) were selected. Facial axis and root center points were identified from the left to right mandibular first molars. Distances between the facial axis and root center points for each tooth were calculated, and 4 linear and 2 ratio variables were measured and calculated for each arch form. The variables were compared between groups by independent t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to assess the relationships between dental and basal variables within each group. Results: The mandibular dental and basal intercanine widths were significantly greater in the Class III group than in normal occlusion subjects (p < 0.05). The dental and basal intercanine widths as well as the dental and basal intermolar widths were strongly correlated in normal occlusion and moderately correlated in Class III malocclusion. Conclusions: The dental arch form demon strated a strong positive correlation with the basal arch form in the normal occlusion group and moderate correlation in the Class III malocclusion group. These results might be helpful for clinicians to have a better understanding of the importance of basal arch form in the alveolar bone.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2004

The expression of CYP3A4 gene is induced by a variety of structurally unrelated xenobiotics including the antibiotic rifampicin, pregnenolone 16-carbonitrile (PCN), and endogenous hormones, that might mediate through steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) system. The molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of CYP3A4 gene expression have not been understood. In order to gain the insight of the molecular mechanism of CYP3A4 gene expression, study has been undertaken to investigate if the histone deacetylation is involved in the regulation of CYP3A4 gene expression by proximal promoter in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Also we have investigated to see if SXR is involved in the regulation of CYP3A4 proximal promoter activity in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were transfected with a plasmid PCYP3A4-Luc containing ${\~}1kb$ of the CYP3A4 proximal promoter region (-863 to +64 bp) in front of a reporter gene, luciferase, in the presence or absence of pSAP-SXR. In HepG2 cells, CYP3A4 inducers, such as rifampicin, PCN and RU486 showed minimal stimulation of CYP3A4 proximal promoter activity in the absence of SXR and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. 4-Dimethylamino-H-[4-(2-hydroxycarbamoylvinyl)benzyl]benzamide (IN2001), a new class HDAC inhibitor significantly increased CYP3A4 proximal promoter activity over untreated control cells and rifampicin concomitant treatment with IN2001 increased further CYP3A4 proximal promoter activity that was stimulated by IN2001 The results of this study demon-strated that both HDAC inhibitors and SXR are essential to increase of CYP3A4 proximal promoter activity by CYP3A4 inducers such as PCN, rifampicin, and RU486. Especially SXR seems to be important for the dose dependent response of CYP3A4 inducing chemicals to stimulate CYP3A4 proximal promoter activity. Also this data suggested that HDAC inhibitors seemed to facilitate the CYP3A4 proximal promoter to be activated by chemicals.