• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2018

Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is involved in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. However, its role in lymphangiogenesis has been unknown. Here, we tested whether downregulation of DDR1 expression by miR-199a/b can suppress lymphangiogenesis. We also aimed to identify miRNA target site(s) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of DDR1. Transfection with miR-199a/b-5p mimics reduced expression of DDR1 and tube formation in primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells, whereas miR-199a/b-5p inhibitors showed the opposite effects. Critically, injection of miR-199a/b-5p mimics suppressed DDR1 expression and lymphangiogenesis in a corneal alkali-burn rat model. The three well-conserved seed matched sites for miR-199a/b-5p in the DDR1 3'-UTR were targeted, and miRNA binding to at least two sites was required for DDR1 inhibition. Our data suggest that DDR1 promotes enhanced lymphangiogenesis during eye injury, and miR-199a/b-5p suppresses this activity by inhibiting DDR1 expression. Thus, this miRNA may be useful for the treatment of lymphangiogenesis-related eye diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2385-2390
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• 2015

Background: Invasive ductal (IDC) and lobular (ILC) carcinomas are the common histological types of breast carcinoma which are difficult to distinguish when poorly differentiated. Discoidin domain receptor (DDR1) and Drosophila dishevelled protein (DVL1) were recently suggested to differentiate IDC from ILC. Objectives: To assess the expression of DDR1 and DVL1 and their association with histological type, grading and hormonal status of IDC and ILC. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on IDC and ILC breast tumours. Tumours were immunohistochemically stained for (DDR1) and (DVL1) as well as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and C-erbB2 receptor. Demographic data including age and ethnicity were obtained from patient records. Results: A total of 51 cases (30 IDCs and 21 ILCs) were assessed. DDR1 and DVL1 expression was not significantly associated with histological type (p=0.57 and p=0.66 respectively). There was no association between DDR1 and DVL1 expression and tumour grade (p=0.32 and p=1.00 respectively), ER (p=0.62 and 0.50 respectively), PR (p=0.38 and p=0.63 respectively) and C-erbB2 expression (p=0.19 and p=0.33 respectively) in IDC. There was no association between DDR1 and DVL1 expression and tumour grade (p=0.52 and p=0.33 respectively), ER (p=0.06 and p=0.76 respectively), PR (p=0.61 and p=0.43 respectively) and C-erbB2 expression (p=0.58 and p=0.76 respectively) in ILC. Conclusions: This study revealed that DDR1 and DVL1 are present in both IDC and ILC regardless of the tumour differentiation. More studies are needed to assess the potential of these two proteins in distinguishing IDC from ILC in breast tumours.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2007

ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)curve is the method that estimate detected insignificant signal from the human's sense of sight, it has been raised excellent results. In this study, we evaluate image quality and equipment character by obtaining a chest image from CR(Computed Radiography) and DDR(Direct Digital radiography) using the human chest phantom, The parameter of exposure for obtaining chest image was 120 kVp/3.2 mAs and the SID(Source to Image Distance) was 180cm. The images were obtained by CR(AGFA MD 4.0 General plate, JAPAN) and DDR(HOLOGIC nDirect Ray, USA). Using some pieces of Aluminum and stone for expressing regions, then attached them on the heart, lung and thoracic vertebrae of the phantom. 29 persons hold radiology degrees were participated in ROC analysis. As a result of the ROC analysis, TPF(true positive fraction) and FPF(false positive fraction) of DDR and CR are 0.552 and 0.474 and 0.629 and 0.405, respectively. By using the results, the ROC curve of CR has higher image quality than DDR. According to the theory, DDR has the higher image quality than CR in chest X-ray image. But, CR has the higher image quality than DDR. quality of DDR inserted the enhance board. The results confirmed that image post-processing is important element decipherment of clinical.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.416-419
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a new digital delay-locked loop (DLL) for high-speed DDR3/DDR4 SDRAMs. The proposed digital DLL adopts a fine delay line using phase interpolation to eliminate the jitter increase problem due to the boundary switching problem. In addition, the proposed digital DLL utilizes a new gradual search algorithm to eliminate the harmonic lock problem. The proposed digital DLL is designed with a 1.1 V, 38-nm CMOS DRAM process and has a frequency operating range of 0.25-2.0 GHz. It has a peak-to-peak jitter of 1.1 ps at 2.0 GHz and has a power consumption of about 13 mW.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.816-823
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• 2008

This paper describes the test results of developed high speed data processing unit using Xilinx GTP(Multi-Gigabit-Transceiver) interface and DDR-2 memory. The high speed data processing unit receives input data from packet generator at 1.25Gbps and transmits stored data to the data receiving system at 700Mbps. Therefore, DDR-2 memory controller and Xilinx GTP interface are implemented by FPGA instead of CPU to process high speed data directly.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.427-438
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• 2022

Pyroptosis, a form of cell death associated with inflammation, is known to be involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and discoid domain receptor 1 (DDR1), an inflammatory regulatory protein, is reported to be associated with diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying DDR1 regulation and pyroptosis in DN remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of DDR1 on renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis and the mechanism underlying DN. In this study, we used high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells and rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin as DN models. Subsequently, the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD-N, Interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and interleukin-18 [IL-18]), DDR1, phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB), and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes were determined through Western blotting. IL-1β and IL-18 levels were determined using ELISA. The rate of pyroptosis was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The results revealed upregulated expression of pyroptosisrelated proteins and increased concentration of IL-1β and IL-18, accompanied by DDR1, p-NF-κB, and NLRP3 upregulation in DN rat kidney tissues and HG-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, DDR1 knockdown in the background of HG treatment resulted in inhibited expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and attenuation of IL-1β and IL-18 production and PI-positive cell frequency via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in HK-2 cells. However, NLRP3 overexpression reversed the effect of DDR1 knockdown on pyroptosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that DDR1 may be associated with pyroptosis, and DDR1 knockdown inhibited HG-induced renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis. The NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway is probably involved in the underlying mechanism of these findings.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Compelling evidence indicates that consumption of trans-fatty acids (TFA) is associated with a wide range of diseases. However, few validated tools for TFA intake assessment are available in Korea. We aimed to validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) estimating usual intake of TFA in Korean adults. MATERIALS/METHODS: Eighty-two healthy adults completed an FFQ with a 3-day diet record (3DDR), and 58 completed a second FFQ at a 1-month interval. To assess the reproducibility of the FFQ, we compared estimated TFA intakes from each FFQ. To assess the validity, we compared estimates from the FFQ with those from the 3DDR. RESULTS: The FFQ was reproducible (Spearman r = 0.71) and provided modest correlations with the 3DDR (Spearman r = 0.38). After adjustment for total energy intake, the correlations increased (r = 0.45). Measurement-error correction also de-attenuated the correlations (r = 0.57). When quintiles of the FFQ and 3DDR were joint-classified, 9% on average were misclassified into extreme quintiles. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the developed FFQ is reproducible and reasonably valid in categorizing individuals according to TFA intakes among healthy young and middle aged adults in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.64-77
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• 2002

DR has had an important fact not only in the department of radiology but also in productivity or work efficiency of a whole hospital. The environment of DR has more various parameter than CR, so it is able to supply high quality of medical services. The current environment of radiology department in each hospital has been changed from Film-Screen system to DR through Full-PACS. This hospital which uses Full-PACS became to study the proper condition of CR and DDR and how the image quality of them is expressed among general photographing systems in the DR environment. From this experiment, the image quality of DDR is better than CR under the same exposure condition. And in the DDR system, the score of image which uses AEC is a little higher than the score which doesn't use it. Especially it can be known that the function of AEC of DDR is useful to improve the image quality in the part of skull and chest. (The function of AEC : It is the tool that detects the ionized current of x-ray which goes through objects with using the ion chamber which is in the detector. Also it controls the examination of X-ray when the proper density is reached.) Because the proper degree of density can be represented by this system, the photographing can be taken much easily without consideration of the exposure condition with the thickness of various objects. From the result of this experiment, it can be known that the selection of proper exposure condition plays an important rule to gain good Image Quality. More researches will be necessary about DDR system which has potential ability in the future.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2022

Purpose: Disc displacement can cause resorption of the head of the condyle and affect its volume. This study analysed the volume of normal condyles and those with disc displacement with reduction (DDR) in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from the Indonesian population. Materials and Methods: This study analysed 56 condyles (26 normal and 30 with DDR) from patients who visited the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Unit after being referred from the Prosthodontics Unit at Dental Hospital Universitas Padjadjaran from December 2020 to February 2021. Samples were divided into 2 groups (normal and DDR left and right-side condyles) based on the DC/TMD Axis 1 form through the clinical examination results. Both sample groups were exposed to CBCT radiation. The CBCT imaging results in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format were exported to the open-source ITK-SNAP format to determine condyle volume. Volumetric data from the cortical and trabecular areas of the right or left side condyles were arranged by sex. The independent t-test was used to determine the significance of differences with IBM SPSS version 21.0. Intra- and inter-observer reliability and validity were tested before determining the volume of the condyles. Results: Normal condyles and DDR condyles showed significant differences in volume (P<0.05). Significant differences were also seen in cortical (P=0.0007) and trabecular (P=0.0045) volumes. There was a significant difference in condylar volume based on sex. Conclusion: The normal condyle volume was significantly different from the DDR condyle volume in both sexes.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.579-580
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• 2008

DRAM설계시 DDR2에서부터 고속 동작으로 인해 반송파에 의한 신호외곡으로 impedance matching의 필요성이 대두되었다. 이로 인해 제안된 방법은 외부 Termination 저항(RZQ)을 기준으로 impedance matching을 위한 Rtt 저항의 생성이다.[1] 제안된 ZQ Calibration 회로는 기존의conventional ZQ Calibration 회로에 After ZQ calibration block을 추가하여 한 번 더 교정함으로써 마지막 PMOS Array와 NMOS Array 저항 값이 Termination 저항 값에 가깝도록 설계하였다. 따라 전력효율은 그대로 유지하면서 ${\Delta}VM$의 오차범위를 기존의 ${\pm}5%$이내에서 skew 조건에 따라 ${\pm}1.33%$까지 향상시키는 것을 볼 수 있다. (JEDEC spec. ${\pm}5%$이내).