• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.328-332
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the static balance ability of patients with back pain. Methods: The subjects comprised of 30 males and females in their 20s, who were divided into two groups with and without tDCS. The balance posture ratio score was calculated to determine the changes in balance ability before and after the application of tDCS using balance equipment. A paired t-test was conducted to determine the changes over time, and an independent t-test was performed to determine the changes between the groups. The significance level was set to ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: A significant difference in the changes in the static balance ability of CTDCSG between before and after applying tDCS was observed while the subjects' eyes were open (p<0.05). A comparison between the groups after the experiments revealed significantly increased changes in CTDCSG compared to STDCSE (p<0.05). The changes in static balance ability were not significant when the subjects' eyes were closed (p>0.05). Conclusion: The application of tDCS positively changed the static balance ability of patients with back pain. The results of this study showed that tDCS could be used as an intervention to increase the static balance ability of patients with back pain in the clinical field. The study results could be used further as foundational data for future studies on tDCS.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.14
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• 2019

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subset of cells with different functional characteristics compared to classical dendritic cells. The pDCs are critical for the production of type I IFN in response to microbial and self-nucleic acids. They have an important role for host defense against viral pathogen infections. In addition, pDCs have been well studied as a critical player for breaking tolerance to self-nucleic acids that induce autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus. However, pDCs have an immunoregulatory role in inducing the immune tolerance by generating Tregs and various regulatory mechanisms in mucosal tissues. Here, we summarize the recent studies of pDCs that focused on the functional characteristics of gut pDCs, including interactions with other immune cells in the gut. Furthermore, the dynamic role of gut pDCs will be investigated with respect to disease status including gut infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancers.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of CS682, a fermentation product of Actinomycetae Nocardia sp. CS682, and DCS682$^{(R)}$, a commercial product, on the performance, blood parameters, small intestinal microflora, and immunoglobulin contents in broilers. In Exp. 1, a total of 240 ROSS$^{(R)}$ broiler chickens of 1d old were assigned to six dietary treatments: Control, Antibiotics (6 ppm avilamycin), CS682-0.25 (CS682 0.25%), CS682-0.50, CS682-0.75 and CS682-1.00. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments in feed conversion. The CS682-0.25 treatment was significantly (p<0.05) lower than Antibiotics and other CS682 treatments in 0~2 wk feed conversion. The CS682 treatments influenced MCV (mean corpuscular volume) in blood. The cfu of Escherichia coli in small intestinal content was lowest in Antibiotics treatment followed by CS682 treatments and Control. In Exp. 2, a total of 1,000 ROSS$^{(R)}$ broiler chickens of 1 d old were assigned to five dietary treatments: Control, Antibiotics (6 ppm avilamycin), DCS682-0.05 (DCS682$^{(R)}$ 0.05%), DCS682-0.10 and DCS682-0.20. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments in mortality. The DCS682-0.20 treatment was lower than DCS682-0.10 in 0~3 wk and lower than Control in 0~5 wk mortality. Antibiotics treatment was lowest in all microbial population in small intestinal content. The cfu of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium of DCS682 treatments were higher than Antibiotics treatment but lower than the Control. The results of present broiler experiments indicated that supplementation of 0.20~0.25% CS682 and DCS682, improve feed conversion, mortality and control harmful intestinal microbes.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2000

Distributed Control System(DCS) is one of the best solutions to implement control systems because it provides continuous observation of control process and execution of commands to induce proper operations. In this paper, a design of control network for DCS in nuclear power plant is proposed. The proposed control network on DCS has a simple architecture and deterministic property. Thus, the proposed control network offers hard real-time periodic service. It also has redundant media for the fault-tolerance. As a result, high safety and reliability required in nuclear power plant are guaranteed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.588-590
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• 1997

In this paper, a highly reliable communication network for DCS in nuclear power plant is designed. The structure and characteristics of DCS in nuclear power plant is briefly explained. The features needed for a communication network for DCS in nuclear power plant is described. According to the abovo features, the layer structure of the communication network is determined and each layer is designed in detail.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07b
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• pp.816-818
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• 1998

In this paper, a highly reliable communication network for DCS (Distributed Control System) in nuclear power plant is designed. The structure and characteristics of DCS in nuclear power plant is briefly explained. The features needed for a communication network for DCS in nuclear power plant is described. According to the above features, a layer structure for the communication network is determined and each layer is designed in detail. Accuracy of the model was evaluated by computer simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1233-1237
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• 2011

Insertion loss, ripple, and return loss were -1.7093dB, 0.9162dB, and -24.762dB with Cellular Rx(824~849 MHz), -1.8021dB, 0.9615dB, and -22.258 with Tx(869~894 MHz), repectively. On the other hand, insertion loss, ripple, and return loss were -2.0149dB, 1.5163dB, and -34.046 dB with DCS Rx(1710~1785 MHz), -1.5894dB, 2.3742dB, and -33.058dB with Tx(1805~1880 MHz), respectively. In the particular, the attenuations in 5MHz edge of band width were -9.1399dB and -14.336dB with Cellular Rx, -7.0343dB and -5.2943dB with Cellualr Tx, respectively. The attenuations of DCS Rx from the relative Tx were -58.298dB and -65.644dB, respectively. On the other hand, those of DCS Tx from the relative Rx were -70.659dB and -50.488dB, respectively. From the aboved results, the dielectric filters for Celluar and DCS band with Isolator showed the good skirt and ripple characterics.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.188-200
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• 2003

Background: Immunization of dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with tumor antigen can activate tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that are responsible for protection and regression. In this study, we examined whether the uptake of necrotic tumor cells could modulate DC phenotypes and whether the immunization of necrotic tumor cell-loaded DCs could elicit efficient tumor specific immune responses followed by a regression of established tumor burdens. Methods: We prepared necrotic tumor cell-pulsed DCs for the therapeutic vaccination and investigated their phenotypic characteristics, the immune responses induced by these DCs, and therapeutic vaccine efficacy against colon carcinoma in vivo. Several parameters including phagocytosis of tumor cells, surface antigen expression, chemokine receptor expression, IL-12 production, and NK as well as CTL activation were assessed to characterize the immune response. Results: DCs derived from mouse bone marrow efficiently phagocytosed necrotic tumor cells and after the uptake, they produced remarkably increased levels of IL-12. A decreased CCR1 and increased CCR7 expression on DCs was also observed after the tumor uptake, suggesting that antigen uptake could induce DC maturation. Furthermore, co-culturing of DCs with NK cells in vitro enhanced IL-12 production in DCs and IFN-${\gamma}$ production in NK cells, which was significantly dependent on IL-12 production and cell-to-cell contact. Immunization of necrotic tumor cell-loaded DCs induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as NK activation, and protected mice against subsequent tumor challenge. In addition, intratumoral or contra-lateral immunization of these DCs not only inhibited the growth of established tumors, but also eradicated tumors in more than 60% of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our data indicate that production of IL-12, chemokine receptor expression and NK as well as CTL activation may serve as major parameters in assessing the effect of tumor cell-pulsed DC vaccine. Therefore, DCs loaded with necrotic tumor cells offer a rational strategy to treat tumors and eventually lead to prolonged survival.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2009

In wireless sensor networks, various schemes have been proposed to store and process sensed data efficiently. A Data-Centric Storage(DCS) scheme assigns distributed data regions to sensors and stores sensed data to the sensor which is responsible for the data region overlapping the data. The DCS schemes have been proposed to reduce the communication cost for transmitting data and process exact queries and range queries efficiently. Recently, KDDCS that readjusts the distributed data regions dynamically to sensors based on K-D tree was proposed to overcome the storage hot-spots. However, the existing DCS schemes including KDDCS suffer from Query Hot-Spots that are formed if the query regions are not uniformly distributed. As a result, it causes reducing the life time of the sensor network. In this paper, we propose a new DCS scheme, called TPDCS(Time-Parameterized DCS), that avoids the problems of storage hot-spots and query hot-spots. To decentralize the skewed. data and queries, the data regions are assigned by a time dimension as well as data dimensions in our proposed scheme. Therefore, TPDCS extends the life time of sensor networks. It is shown through various experiments that our scheme outperform the existing schemes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.127-132
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• 2019

This study examined the change in the attention of University students after being given Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). The participants were divided randomly into two group (tDCS vs. Control). tDCS was applied to 37 university students ($23.08{\pm}3.33years$). The tDCS group was applied 2 mA, for 13 minutes twice over a 26 minute period ($n_1=19$). The control ($n_2=18$) was not applied after padding and was applied twice for 13 minutes over a 26 minute period. This study was conducted from September 3 to 28, 2018 and three times a week for a total of four weeks. The electroencephalogram was confirmed to affect attention. tDCS showed significant improvement in the results in the sensory motor rhythm wave (p<0.01, 95% CI: -1.955, -0.459), middle beta wave (p<0.05; 95% CI: 0.027, 0.943), and power ratio (p<0.01, 95% CI: -1.764, -0.315). The results showed that tDCS application increased the attention ability significantly. These results can be applied to attention deficit disorder (ADHD) patients and college students.