• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.303-309
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to determine the cause and result of the smartphone use in the classroom, focusing on students from Child Care departments in colleges. The targets of this study were 10 college students from child care departments and data was collected through in-depth interviews. The results of the study are as follows. [Cause of use] was divided into and . [Negative result] has been identified by and . [positive result] has been identified by < Learning Support >, < Memory Support >. The study is believed to contribute to identifying the problems of smartphone use of college students in the future and contributing to the provision of basic materials for the use of favorable purposes.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.311-317
• /
• 2017

A drama, generally composed of dozens of times, is one of the most popular broadcasting program genres, and it has the characteristics that the status and interrelationships of characters are changing as time goes on and important acts affecting the story occur sporadically. Therefore, when viewers missed some times in the middle of a drama, it is difficult to understand the drama without the changed information on the characters and notable actions. This paper proposes a data service which provides the updated information of the characters and important acts based on the drama scene. The data service has the characteristics that it provides the information on the characters shown in the current drama scene, and the information about the people mentioned in the dialogue in the scene. This paper includes a general introduction to the data services, the formal definition of the drama scene identification and character information, and an DVB-SI-based method for transmitting the information to the data service.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.329-338
• /
• 2017

This study aims to examine heterogeneous acculturation patterns of elite North Korean female defectors in South Korea. The study employed a synthetic comparative analysis. A series of in-depth interviews with 5 North Korean female defectors in South Korea were conducted. In addition, the research team implemented 20 open-ended surveys with other defectors. Through this study, we have found various types of cultural adaptation in the group of the elite North Korean women in South Korea. The study findings imply that it is imperative to establish national policies that support different types of North Korean defectors. Putting all North Koreans into one category might result in alienation and discrimination to some groups. Thus how the participants reframed their social identify in South Korea illuminates essential facets of human-right education, especially education for refugees and immigrants in different global and multi-cultural contexts.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 2017

There is increasing interest in text analysis based on unstructured data such as articles and comments, questions and answers. This is because they can be used to identify, evaluate, predict, and recommend features from unstructured text data, which is the opinion of people. The same holds true for TEL, where the MOOC service has evolved to automate debating, questioning and answering services based on the teaching-learning support system in order to generate question topics and to automatically classify the topics relevant to new questions based on question and answer data accumulated in the system. Therefore, in this study, we propose topic modeling using LDA to automatically classify new query topics. The proposed method enables the generation of a dictionary of question topics and the automatic classification of topics relevant to new questions. Experimentation showed high automatic classification of over 0.7 in some queries. The more new queries were included in the various topics, the better the automatic classification results.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2017

In the past, delivering knowledge mainly, education focused on the development of left brain. However, as the importance of right brain is widely accepted, various approaches on education in creativity have been tried. With the advance in the research on the brain, it has been known that the left brain and the right brain are closely linked to work effectively while they are specialized to some functionalities differently. We developed an educational content exploiting Chinese characters to facilitate the balanced development of both brain. Making categorizations from Yin-yang and five elements of the universe, it consists of four stages. The first stage is to stimulate the brain with visual scandal. The second one, third one, and the fourth one are to develop the right brain, left brain, and both brain respectively. Through expert interview, the potential of the developed content as an efficacious method for brain development was verified.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.383-389
• /
• 2011

Background: EY-6 is one of the newly synthesized indoledione derivatives to induce tumor cell-specific cell death. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of immunological death induced by EY-6 at mouse colon cancer cell as well as at the normal immune cell represented by dendritic cell. Methods: C57BL/6 mouse syngeneic colon cancer cell MC38 was treated with EY-6, and analyzed by MTT for viability test, flow cytometry for confirming surface expressing molecules and ELISA for detection of cytokine secretion. Normal myeloid-dendritic cell (DC) was ex vivo cultured from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells of C57BL/6 mice with GM-CSF and IL-4 to analyze the DC uptake of dead tumor cells and to observe the effect of EY-6 on the normal DC. Results: EY-6 killed the MC38 tumor cells in a dose dependent manner (25, 50 and $100{\mu}M$) with carleticulin induction. And EY-6 induced the secretion of IFN-${\gamma}$ but not of TNF-${\alpha}$ from the MC38 tumor cells. EY-6 did not kill the ex-vivo cultured DCs at the dose killing tumor cells and did slightly but not significantly induced the DC maturation. The OVA-specific cross-presentation ability of DC was not induced by chemical treatment (both MHC II and MHC I-restricted antigen presentation). Conclusion: Data indicate that the EY-6 induced tumor cell specific and immunological cell death by modulation of tumor cell phenotype and cytokine secretion favoring induction of specific immunity eliminating tumor cells.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.11D no.2
• /
• pp.415-422
• /
• 2004

Automation systems improve the productivity of works which relate to product design, facilities management, fault processing and quality evaluation. In these systems, the description language for monitoring and control process is called new control language. These are five flow control languages : IL, ST, FBD, SFC and LD. IL and ST are based on left form. FBD, SFC and LD are based on graphic form. Generally, a software which monitors and controls a system is allowed to use just one flow control language. It is impossible to use more than two languages for simulation in the same system environment. In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of flow control languages and the process of programming in the legacy system. In addition, for the Integrated processing of languages, we propose Extended ST based on the high-level ST language. Based on this research, we implement a graphical language editor and EST-IL convertor. The graphical language editor makes sequence rules, and converts graphical language into EST. EST-IL convertor has a function to convert EST into IL which is similar to assembly language. As the result of this paper, we present a scheme which integrates all the flow control language processing based on IL.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2019

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng Meyer) is a widely used medicinal herb known to exert various immune modulatory functions. KRG and one of its purified components, ginsenoside Rg3, are known to possess anti-inflammatory activities. How they impact helper T cell-mediated responses is not fully explored. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effect of KRG extract (KRGE) and ginsenoside Rg3 on Th1 cell responses. Methods: Using well-characterized T cell in vitro differentiation systems, we examined the effects of KRGE or enhanced Rg3 on the Th1-inducing cytokine production from dendritic cells (DC) and the naïve $CD4^+$ T cells differentiation to Th1 cells. Furthermore, we examined the change of Th1 cell population in the intestine after treatment of enhanced Rg3. The influence of KRGE or enhanced Rg3 on Th1 cell differentiation was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: KRGE significantly inhibited the production level of IL-12 from DCs and subsequent Th1 cell differentiation. Similarly, enhanced Rg3 significantly suppressed the expression of interferon gamma ($IFN{\gamma}$) and T-bet in T cells under Th1-skewing condition. Consistent with these effects in vitro, oral administration of enhanced Rg3 suppressed the frequency of Th1 cells in the Peyer's patch and lamina propria cells in vivo. Conclusion: Enhanced Rg3 negatively regulates the differentiation of Th1 cell in vitro and Th1 cell responses in the gut in vivo, providing fundamental basis for the use of this agent to treat Th1-related diseases.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.195-201
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study was investigated the effect of multilayer zirconia block type and sintering method on fracture strength, micro structure and color of zirconia copings. Methods: Three kinds of multi-layered zirconia blocks were used to identify the effects of the kinds of multi-layered zirconia blocks and sintering methods on fracture strength and color reproducibility of zirconia copings. 60 Zirconia copings were fabricated and fracture strength, micro structure and color reproducibility were compared and evaluated. Results: In all the blocks, the CS group, which refers to the general sintering method had higher fracture strength of zirconia copings than the MS group that refers to the microwave sintering method(MCS/MMS; 2,107.5N/1,930.4N, DCS/DMS; 917.0N/879.1N, UCS/UMS; 2,256.9/2,050.7N). In relation to CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ values of zirconia copings depending on the kinds of multi-layered zirconia blocks and sintering methods, the MS group using the microwave sintering method had lower brightness and chroma than the CS group using the general sintering method. Conclusion: In all the blocks, the CS group(general sintering) had higher fracture strength of zirconia copings than the MS group(microwave sintering). In relation to CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ values of zirconia copings depending on the kinds of multilayered zirconia blocks and sintering methods, the MS group using the microwave sintering method had lower brightness and chroma than the CS group using the general sintering method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.2148-2167
• /
• 2021

The proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and applications, especially the rapid rise in the use of mobile devices, from individuals to organizations, has led to the fundamental role of secure wireless networks in all aspects of services that presented with many opportunities and challenges. To ensure the CIA (confidentiality, integrity and accessibility) security model of the networks security and high efficiency of performance results in various resource-constrained applications and environments of the IoT platform, DDO-(data-driven operation) based constructions have been introduced as a primitive design that meet the demand of high speed encryption systems. Among of them, the TMN-family ciphers which were proposed by Tuan P.M., Do Thi B., etc., in 2016, are entirely suitable approaches for various communication applications of wireless mobile networks (WMNs) and advanced wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with high flexibility, applicability and mobility shown in two different algorithm selections, TMN64 and TMN128. The two ciphers provide strong security against known cryptanalysis, such as linear attacks and differential attacks. In this study, we demonstrate new probability results on the security of the two TMN construction versions - TMN64 and TMN128, by proposing efficient related-key recovery attacks. The high probability characteristics (DCs) are constructed under the related-key differential properties on a full number of function rounds of TMN64 and TMN128, as 10-rounds and 12-rounds, respectively. Hence, the amplified boomerang attacks can be applied to break these two ciphers with appropriate complexity of data and time consumptions. The work is expected to be extended and improved with the latest BCT technique for better cryptanalytic results in further research.