• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.94 no.4 s.161
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2005

This research was carried out in order to make clear population and community structure of Berchemia berchemiaefolia forest surveyed from October 1998 to October 2004 which was located in Janggok-Ri Gunwi-Gun, Kyungpook province. B. berchemiaefolia community was classified into 3 groups such as Picrasma quassioides group, Carex ciliata-marginata group and Typical group using ZM methods. In case of floristic composition structure according to crown stories, B. berchemiaefolia occupied 42.82%, 34.43%, and 5.28%, in tree layer, subtree layer and shrub layer, respectively. Importance value of Quercus variabilis, Platycarya strobilacea and Quercus serrate species was generally high. Species diversity of Picrasma quassioides group indicated 1.6669 which was highest value among the 3 vegetation groups. Population of B. berchemiaefolia showed overall the structure of reverse J type in DBH class showing the peak between 6 cm and 10 cm and reached 14 meters in height class, and the age structure of the population ranged from 11 years to 60 years showing regular distribution type. Stump sprout or/and epicormic branch made numerous stems around original stump of previous generation which was considered to be cut and disappeared by residents. Seedlings or/and saplings of B. berchemiaefolia were intensively occurred in the opened areas of forest road. Those things could be certainly considered to establish management plan of B. berchemiaefolia forest.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.77 no.2
• /
• pp.166-177
• /
• 1988

To investigate the structure of the plant community of the Naejang Temple District in Mt. Naejang National Park, 22 plots were set up by the vegetation physiognomy and vegetation analysis by four kinds of ordination techniques(PO, PCA, RA and DCA) was carried out. Pure and mixed forest community of Quercus variabilis and Q. mongolica were major forest communities and each of them covered 31.27 and 20.77%, respectively. The degree of human disturbance of vegetation 9, 8, 7 and 6 area covered 30.9, 67.0, 0 and 0.02%, respectively. According to stand dynamic analysis by DBH class distribution, the present Pinus densiflora and Quercus communities may be succeeded to Carpinus laxiflora communities. DCA was the most effective method of this study. DCA ordination showed that successional trends of tree species seem to be from P. densiflora through Q. variabilis, Q. aliena, Sorbus alnifolia, Platycarya strobilacea to Carpinus laxiflora, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Zelkova serrata, Cornus controversa in the tree layer, and from Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rh. schlippenbachii, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Rhus trichocarpa through Styrax japonica, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Sapium japonicum to Euonymus oxyphyllum, E. sieboldiana, Lindera erythrocarpa in the subtree layer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.88 no.3
• /
• pp.389-399
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to develop an application software, SIDAS3D(Stand Inventory Data Analysis System for 3 Dimensional Representation), of which the purpose of development is to make it easier to analyze and display the 3D spatial structure of a forest stand, based on the data such as tree position, species, DBH, height, clear length of individual trees, and crown width. This program has a statistical analysis function for stand attributes per hectare and displays simple graphs of stand statistics such as the distribution of diameters, heights, and volumes. It also has two additional functions, of which one is to display the 3D image of stand structure and the other is to display the image of crown projection. In addition, this program provides an imaginary treatment simulation function, which can visually confirm the suitability of silvicultural treatments on computers. To test the precision and reliability of SIDAS3D, data obtained by the precision forest inventory method were used. Statistical analysis ability of SIDAS3D was compared with that of SAS. And its representational ability was compared with that of TreeDraw. According to the verification, SIDAS3D was superior to SAS and TreeDraw in both the data processing time and the interpretative ability of results. It was concluded that SIDAS3D could be used to help users efficiently make decisions for appropriate silvicultural treatments and rational management plans because it has analysis functions providing various valuable information.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.462-472
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to provide a basic data for preservation of Pinus desiflora forest as cultural landscape forest by analyzing characteristics of plant community of P. desiflora forest in Geumjeongsan(mountatin) in Busan city. In order to analyze plant community of P. densiflora in Geumjeongsan, we set up 10 study plots inside and 8 plots outside of Geumjeongsansung(mountain fortress, hereinafter 'Sansung')(unit area: $400m^2$), a total of 18 plots. TWINSPAN analysis divided these 18 study plots into 6 communities which are Querqus serrata-P. desiflora community, P. desiflora community, P. desiflora-Q. serrata community, P. thunbergii-P. densiflora community, P. densiflora-P. thubergii-Q. acutissima community, and P. densiflora-Platycarya strobilacea community. Importance Percentage (I.P.) of each area and DBH class distribution of main species showed that P. densiflora community would succeed to Q. serrata community or C. tschonoskii community. Analysis on tree age found out that communities in the Sansung were 32~37 years old and those outside the Sansung were 44~57 years old. Shannon's species diversity index ranged from 0.4826 to 1.2499. Regarding correlation between species, P. densiflora had negative correlation with Styrax japonica. Based on abovementioned result we expected ecological succession from P. densiflora community to Q. serrata community inside of the Sansung. Outside the Sansung, succession from P. densiflora-P. thunbergii community to C. tschonoskii-Q. serrata community was expected. In order to manage P. densiflora forest as cultural landscape forest, Q. spp in the understory and shrub layer and deciduous broad-leaved arboreal trees should be managed. Tree crown management of deciduous broad-leaved trees in competition with P. desiflora, is also required.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.365-375
• /
• 2009

The growth characteristics of Pinus thunbergii windbreak forest around Goosipo Beach, Sangha-Myon, Gochang-Gun, Jeollabuk-Do have been investigated, and the results are summarized as follows. The soil in the site was light acid sand with pH 5.7, and the mean sodium concentration of soils was 1.42dS/m. The tree diameter, height, crown width, and shape ratio(Height/DBH) were better with tree density was coming lower. Especially, the rate of shape ratio under 60 was more in sites with low tree density. This demonstrated that the trees have grown more soundly when the tree density was lower. The direction of main winds and distribution ratio of tree inclination had a correlation. The inclined trees are seemed to be influenced by main winds when they were younger and by Typhoon partly. Eighty one vascular plant species were found in the sites, and more number of herbaceous plants (57 taxa) lived there than woody plants (24 taxa). And more plant species of dune were found at the site where dune have developed well. Some thinning works need at high tree density areas in order to ensure effects of coastal windbreak.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.144-155
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to analyze community structure and species composition of Abies koreana forest. Field survey was carried out from June, 2019 to 2020, September. 121 plots (20×20 m) were set up, 5 herb layer plots (3×3 m) were constructed for each plot, and there, Diameter at Breast Height(DBH), height, environmental factor were measured. It was analyzed that water stress did not have a significant effect on the factors affecting the growth of A. koreana in Mt. Halla-san, and in the case of Mt. Deokyu-san, the more forest stands located at the ridge, the higher the tree density. It was found that the factors affecting the distribution of Abies koreana were not consistent according to the environment of study site.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.408-423
• /
• 2021

We established and monitored survey sites in seven regions of Mt. Jiri to investigate population decline and change of the Korean fir (Abies koreana) over a ten-year period from 2009 to 2018. With the exception of one site (Seseok), the six remaining ones all showed a four-layer stratification structure. The importance value of Korean firs in all of the survey areas decreased significantly by 28.5%, from 55.7% in 2009 to 39.8% in 2018. The average population of objects with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5cm or more in all survey sites was 711 objects/ha in 2018, and the cumulative death rate from 2009 to 2018 was 10.8%. Among the death types, DS (dead standing) was the most dominant, comprising 82.4% of the total survey area. However, in Banyabong 1, which had a high gradient of 35°, the death types other than DS accounted for 44.2%. We estimate that A. koreana can maintain a stable population as its distribution type for each diameter class in the Saeseokpyeongjeon site showed a reverse-J shape. The average annual ring growth in all survey sites was 1.09 mm/year, with the most abundant growth observed in the Seseokpyeongjeon site, which was formed mainly by a subtree layer. The growth ring survey showed the estimated average age of A. koreana population in the Byeoksoryeong and Banyabong 1 sites to be 102 and 91 years, respectively, a general downward trend of vitality since 2013.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.632-643
• /
• 2021

The objective of this study was to examine vegetation community structure and distribution of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji of Chungcheongbuk-do by setting up and surveying 8 plots (400 m² each). Mean Importance Value (MIV) of Fraxinus chiisanensis in 8 plots was 35.19% in average (ranging from 26.07~42.74%). Since it is the dominant species in all plots, it is expected to maintain the present vegetation structure. The analysis of the DBH (diameter at breast height) showed that the diameter of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji ranges from 2 to 43cm. The majority of Fraxinus chiisanensis is expected to maintain current state unless disturbance or rapid environmental change occurs. The Species Diversity (H') was 0.8498~1.0261, Evenness (J') was 0.8160~0.9256, Dominance Index (D) was 0.0789~0.1840, Maximum Diversity (H'max) was 1.0414~1.2041. The analysis of annual ring and radial growth showed that the average age of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji was 29.1years(ranging from 22~58years). The average annual radial growth of Fraxinus chiisanensis was the highest in community G with 5.84mm and the lowest in community B with 2.80mm. The similarity index analysis revealed that the similarity index between community B and E, C and F, H was the highest with 69.0%, and the similarity index between community E and F was the lowest with 29.6%. Both the area of Fraxinus chiisanensis community of Mt.Minjuji and its population size are very small. Therefore, this area needs to be designated as Forest Genetic Resource Reserve.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.68 no.1
• /
• pp.60-68
• /
• 1985

To study the comparison of the aboveground biomass of Robinia pseudoacacia L. of 8-, 13- and 20-year-old plantations, the experimental plot of $100m^2$ in size located in Youngin-gun were selected. Seven sample trees at different stand ages selected taking account of DBH distribution were felled and the diagram of oven-dry weight distribution of stem, branch and leaf for each 1m segment was constructed. The dry weight of each part of plots was estimated by the method of basal area ratio. If the estimations are extended to a hectare area stand, it contains 36.72, 69.28 and 118.67 tons of the aboveground standing crops in 8-, 13- and 20- year-old stand respectively. The net production was estimated to be as much as 12.56, 13.23 and 16.78 tons per hectare per year and the net assimilation ratio 3.66, 4.13 and 2.50 kg/kg/yr in 8-, 13- and 20-year-old stand respectively. And the efficiency of leaves to produce stem was 1.69, 2.10 and 0.96 kg/kg/yr in same order.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.105 no.4
• /
• pp.401-413
• /
• 2016

Forest resources utilization and variable disturbance history have been affected the rarity and conservation value of forest relict trees, which served as habitat for forest biodiversity, important carbon stock and cultural role include human and natural history in South Korea. This study was conducted to establish the baseline data for forest resources conservation by clarifying species diversity, spatial distribution and ecological characteristics (individual and habitat) of forest relict trees (DBH > 300 cm) based on the data getting from mountain trail, high resolution aerial photos and field professionals and field survey. As results, 54 taxa (18 family 32 genus 48 species 1 subspecies 3 variety and 2 form) as about 22% of tree species in Korea was identified in the field. 837 individuals of forest relict trees were observed and the majority of the trees was in Pinaceae, deciduous Fagaceae and Rosaceae, which families are abundant in population diversity. High elevation area was important to relict trees as mean altitudinal distribution was 1,200 m a.s.l as likely affected by human activity gradients and mid-steep slope and North aspect was important environment for the trees remain. Many individuals exhibited 'damage larger branch' (55.6%) and consequent relatively lower mean canopy coverages (below 80%). Synthetically, present diversity and abundance of relict forest trees in South Korea were the result of complex process among climate variation, local weather and biological factors and the trees of big and old were estimated to important forest biodiversity elements. In the future, clarifying the role and function of relict trees in forest ecosystem, in- and ex- situ programmes for important trees and habitat, and activities for building the background of conservation policy such as "Guideline for identifying and measurement of forest relict trees".