• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권10호
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• pp.525-530
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• 2021

Background: Exposure to air pollution (gaseous pollutants and/or particulate matter) has been associated with the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Purpose: To examine the quantitative relationship between air pollutant emissions and the incidence of T1D. Methods: We examined the association between the incidence of T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 2017 as well as that of T1D in patients younger than 15 years in 2016 with "emissions of air-polluting substances from stationary and mobile sources by regions of the Russian Federation in 2016" as reported by the Federal Diabetes Register of Russia downloaded from the Russian government website (http://www.mnr.gov.ru/docs/gosudarstvennye_doklady/o_sostoyanii_i_ob_okhrane_okruzhayushchey_sredy_rossiyskoy_federatsii/). Results: The incidence of T1D across all ages in each region of the Russian Federation correlated with the total air pollutants emitted in the region each year (r=0.278, P=0.013). The incidence of T2D was also correlated with the amount of air pollutants (r=0.234, P=0.037) and the incidence of T1D (r=0.600, P<0.001) in each country. Similarly, the incidence of T1D in patients younger than 15 years correlated with the total air pollutants emitted each year in each region (r=0.300, P=0.011). Conclusion: The quantitative relationship between the total air pollutants emitted and the incidence of T1D and T2D in the Russian Federation suggests that air pollution contributes to the development of T1D and T2D.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2011

Let D be an integral domain, Spec(D) the set of prime ideals of D, and X a subspace of the Zariski topology on Spec(D). We show that X is compact if and only if given any ideal I of D with $I{\nsubseteq}P$ for all $P{\in}X$, there exists a finitely generated idea $J{\subseteq}I$ such that $J{\nsubseteq}P$ for all $P{\in}X$. We also prove that if D = ${\cap}_{P{\in}X}D_P$ and if * is the star-operation on D induced by X, then X is compact if and only if * $_f$-Max(D) ${\subseteq}$X. As a corollary, we have that t-Max(D) is compact and that ${\mathcal{P}}$(D) = {P${\in}$ Spec(D)$|$P is minimal over (a : b) for some a, b${\in}$D} is compact if and only if t-Max(D) ${\subseteq}\;{\mathcal{P}}$(D).

• 대한수학회보
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.1297-1314
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• 2019

In this work, we investigate the following fractional boundary value problems $$\{_tD^{\alpha}_T({\mid}_0D^{\alpha}_t(u(t)){\mid}^{p-2}_0D^{\alpha}_tu(t))\\={\nabla}W(t,u(t))+{\lambda}g(t){\mid}u(t){\mid}^{q-2}u(t),\;t{\in}(0,T),\\u(0)=u(T)=0,$$ where ${\nabla}W(t,u)$ is the gradient of W(t, u) at u and $W{\in}C([0,T]{\times}{\mathbb{R}}^n,{\mathbb{R}})$ is homogeneous of degree r, ${\lambda}$ is a positive parameter, $g{\in}C([0,T])$, 1 < r < p < q and ${\frac{1}{p}}<{\alpha}<1$. Using the Fibering map and Nehari manifold, for some positive constant ${\lambda}_0$ such that $0<{\lambda}<{\lambda}_0$, we prove the existence of at least two non-trivial solutions

• 대한수학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.903-921
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• 2008

A continuous linear operator $T\;:\;X{\rightarrow}X$ is called hypercyclic if there exists an $x\;{\in}\;X$ such that the orbit ${T^nx}_{n{\geq}0}$ is dense. We consider the problem: given an operator $T\;:\;X{\rightarrow}X$, hypercyclic or not, is the restriction $T|y$ to some closed invariant subspace $y{\subset}X$ hypercyclic? In particular, it is well-known that any non-constant partial differential operator p(D) on $H({\mathbb{C}}^d)$ (entire functions) is hypercyclic. Now, if q(D) is another such operator, p(D) maps ker q(D) invariantly (by commutativity), and we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition on p and q in order that the restriction p(D) : ker q(D) $\rightarrow$ ker q(D) is hypercyclic. We also study hypercyclicity for other types of operators on subspaces of $H({\mathbb{C}}^d)$.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1991

흰쥐 말초혈액에서 얻은 T 림프구를 아드레날린성 ${\beta}-$수용체 효현제 및 concanavalin A(Con-A)로 자극해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 자극이 없는 상태에서의 주 인산화 단백은 분자량 44kD, 등전점 6.8의 단백이었으며 효현제로 자극시키면 분자량 44kD, 등전점 6.3의 단백이 새로이 인산화되어 나타났다. 이 분자량 44kD, 등전점 6.3의 단백은 forskolin에 의해 역시 인산화되며 A-kinase 억제제인 H-8을 전처치하면 인산화의 억제가 나타났다. 또한 Con-A로 자극시키면 44 kD/pI 6.3 단백의 인산화가 증가되었으며 이 인산화의 증가는 CaM kinase 억제제인 W-7 전처치에 의해 억제되었다. H-7은 분자량 44 kD, 등전점 6.8 단백의 인산화를 감소 시켰다. 이상의 결과로 분자량 44 kD 등전점 6.3의 단백은 A-kinase와 CaM kinase 모두에 의해 인산화 되는 기질단백으로서 tryptic peptide map상에서 44 kD/pI 6.8 단백과 44 kD/pI 6.3 단백은 서로 다른 단백임을 알 수 있었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.24-36
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• 2017

The stability of peptide-MHC complex (pMHC) is an important factor to shape the fate of peptide-specific T cell immune response, but how it influences on T cell activation process is poorly understood. To better understand that, we investigated various T cell activation events driven by $L^d$ MHCI loaded with graded concentrations of P2Ca and QL9 peptides, respectively, with 2C TCR Tg T cells; the binding strength of P2Ca for $L^d$ is measurably weaker than that of QL9, but either peptides in the context of $L^d$ interact with 2C TCR with a similar strength. When their concentrations required for early T cell activation events, which occur within several minutes to an hour, were concerned, $EC_{50}s$ of QL9 were about 100 folds lower than those of P2Ca, which was expected from their association constants for $L^d$. When $EC_{50}s$ for late activation events, which takes over several hours to occur, were concerned, the differences grew even larger (> 300 folds), suggesting that, due to weak binding, $L^d/P2Ca$ dissociate from each other more easily to lose its antigenicity in a short time. Accordingly, fixation of $L^d/P2Ca$ with paraformaldehyde resulted in a significant improvement in its immunogenicity. These results imply that binding strength of a peptide for a MHC is a critical factor to determine the duration of pMHC-mediated T cell activation and thus the attainment of productive T cell activation. It is also suggested that paraformaldehyde fixation should be an effective tool to ameliorate the immunogenicity of pMHC with a poor stability.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1983

From January to March in 1979 and 1982, the vaccination rate of B.C.G., D.P.T and Sabin with 392 infants who were registered at M.C.H. room in a Health Center in Seoul were as follows: 1 There were no specific relations between the sex and the vaccination for B.C.G., D.P.T. and Polio. 2. In 1982, the younger the mother's age was, the higher the vaccination rate for B.C.G. was. For the D.P.T. and Polio the rate of above 35 year group was the highest but the completion rate of the vaccination and the regular vaccination rate were the highest in the age of 30-34 year group. 3. In 1982. the higher the educational levels of tile mother were, the higher the vaccination rates for B.C.G., D.P.T. and Polio were. 4. The vaccination rate for B.C.G. within a month after birth was the highest in Salaried laborer group. The completion rate of the vaccination and regular vaccination rate for D.P.T. add Polio were also the highest in salaried laborer group. 5. In 1982, the rates of all vaccination for B.C.G. were tile highest in the first child. The completion rate of the vaccination and regular vaccination rate for D.P.T and Polio were also the highest in the first child in 1982.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.387-391
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• 1991

Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 growing on methanol as a sole source of carbon and energy was found to grow most rapidly (t$t_{d}$ =6h) at 30.deg.C in a mineral medium (pH 7.0) containing 0.5% (v/v) methanol which was agitated at 200 rpm (optimal cultivation condition). Cells grown under the optimal cultivation condition contained more spermidine, but less putrescine, than the cells grown on 2.5%(v/v) ( $t_{d}$ =8h ) or at 20.deg.C ( $t_{d}$ =8h ). Cells cultivated under the optimal condition was found to contain more spermidine than the cells grown at pH 6.0 (( $t_{d}$ =7h ) and pH 8.0 ($t_{d}$ =7.3h). the cells growing at the stationary phase under the optimal condition accumulated more spermine or putrescine than the cells growing at the same phase on 2.5%(v/v) methanol or at pH 6.0 and pH 8.0, respectively. M. extorquens AM1 grown in a medium agitated at 100 rpm ( $t_{d}$ =8.8h ) contained less spermidine and spermine than the cells grown under the optimal cultivation condition.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1529-1536
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• 2006

We cloned a gene of ompH(D:4) from pigs infected with P. multocida D:4 in Korea [16]. The gene is composed of 1,026 nucleotides coding 342 amino acids (aa) with a signal peptide of 20 aa (GenBank accession number AY603962). In this study, we analyzed the ability of the ompH(D:4) to induce protective immunity against a wild-type challenge in mice. To determine appropriate epitope(s) of the gene, one full and three different types of truncated genes of the ompH(D:4) were constructed by PCR using pET32a or pRSET B as vectors. They were named ompH(D:4)-F (1,026 bp [1-1026] encoding 342 aa), ompH(D:4)-t1 (693 bp [55-747] encoding 231 aa), ompH(D:4)-t2 (561 bp [187-747] encoding 187 aa), and ompH(D:4)-t3 (540 bp [487-1026] encoding 180 aa), respectively. The genes were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Their gene products, polypeptides, OmpH(D:4)-F, -t1, -t2, and -t3, were purified individually using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity column chromatography. Their $M_rs$ were determined to be 54.6, 29, 24, and 23.2 kDa, respectively, using SDS-PAGE. Antisera against the four kinds of polypeptides were generated in mice for protective immunity analyses. Some $50{\mu}g$ of the four kinds of polypeptides were individually provided intraperitoneally with mice (n=20) as immunogens. The titer of post-immunized antiserum revealed that it grew remarkably compared with pre-antiserum. The lethal dose of the wild-type pathogen was determined at $10{\mu}l$ of live P. multocida D:4 through direct intraperitoneal (IP) injection, into post-immune mice (n=5, three times). Some thirty days later, the lethal dose ($10{\mu}l$) of live pathogen was challenged into the immunized mouse groups [OmpH(D:4)-F, -t1, -t2, and -t3; n=20 each, two times] as well as positive and negative control groups. As compared within samples, the OmpH(D:4)-F-immunized groups showed lower immune ability than the OmpH(D:4)-t1, -t2, and -t3. The results show that the truncated-OmpH(D:4)-t1, -t2, and -t3 can be used for an effective vaccine candidate against swine atrophic rhinitis caused by pathogenic P. multocida (D:4) isolated in Korea.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2008

본 시험은 동물 복지 차원에서 절식에 의한 강제 환우를 지양하고 사료를 급여하는 강제 환우 방법이 산란계의 생산성 및 난질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 60주령 White Leghorn 산란계 400수를 공시하여 34주간 실시하였다. 처리구는 관행적으로 절식한 환우구(C), 옥수수 단일 사료 급여(T1), 밀기울 단일 사료 급여(T2) 및 알팔파 단일 사료를 급여(T3)한 4처리로서, 처리구당 5반복, 반복당 20수씩 철제 케이지에 완전임의 배치하였다. 시험 결과 산란율 및 1일 산란량은 산란 후 $1{\sim}4$주간에만 T1에서 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 전 시험 기간 동안에는 강제 환우 방법간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사료 섭취량은 $1{\sim}4$주에 T1에서 대조구에 비하여 통계적으로 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 전 시험 기간에는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 또한, 사료 요구율도 전 시험 기간 동안 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 난각 두께는 산란 후 10, 14주에 옥수수만을 급여한 T1구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 개선되었으나(P<0.05), 26주에는 옥수수(T1)와 밀기울(T2)만을 급여한 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 난각 강도와 호우 유니트는 환우 방법에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 난황색은 6주에 T1구와 T2구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 18주에는 T1구와 T2구가 대조구나 T3구에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 시험 결과 사료 급여와 절식을 이용한 강제 환우 방법간에 생산성에서는 커다란 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 난질에서도 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 또한 사료 급여를 이용한 강제 환우에서는 알팔파만을 단독으로 급이한 강제 환우 방법이 옥수수나 밀기울을 급여한 강제 환우 방법보다는 생산성에서 통계적으로 유의차는 보이지 않았으나 우수한 경향을 보였다.