• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2009

Rice cells were transformed to express human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) using RAmy3D promoter. hCTLA4Ig was produced and secreted into culture media inducibly when sugar was depleted. The obstacles of this system are the cell death and release of proteases by sugar starvation. These problems resulted in the losses of stability and productivity of hCTLA4Ig. Therefore, the effects of proline as an inhibitor of cell death were investigated. When 4 mM proline was added in sugar-free media, the cell death and release of proteases were reduced. As a consequence, the production of hCTLA4Ig was enhanced. In addition, the effects of protein stabilizers such as gelling agents were studied. It was found that the application of 0.01 g/L gelatin led to an increase in hCTLA4Ig production. This increase might be originated from the stabilization of hCTLA4Ig. In conclusion, the production of hCTLA4Ig could be enhanced by the additions of proline and gelatin in transgenic rice cell cultures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.165-166
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• 1998

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.341-345
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• 1988

Separation of optical isomers of dansyl amino acids by a reversed phase liquid chromatography has been accomplished by adding a copper (II) chelate of N-benzyl-L-proline to the mobile phase. The pH, the eluent composition and the concentration of copper (II) chelate all affect the optical separations. The elution orders between D and L DNS-amino acids were consistant except dansyl phenylalanine showing that D forms of DNS-amino acids elute earlier than L forms. These behaviors are different from the results obtained by the use of copper (II) proline. The retention mechanism for the optical separation of the dansyl amino acids can be explained by the equilibrium of liqand exchange and by hydrophobic interaction.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2019

Digitaria exilis L. is an under-utilized crop with high nutritional and medicinal values. It thrives in and is well-adapted to arid areas with low soil nutrients. Using biochemical markers, this study investigates the mechanisms by which D. exilis responds to osmotic stress. Three accessions Dinat Iburua (DIN), Jakah Iburua (JAK) and Jiw Iburua (JIW) were collected from National Cereal Research Institute, Niger State. Two accessions, NG/11/JD/061 and NG/11/JD/062 were also collected from National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Ibadan. Murashige and Skoog medium of approximately 1.2 L was supplemented with polyethylene glycol 6000 to create osmotic pressures of -9.29, -13.93, -20.13, -26.32, -32.51, and 0 MPa (control). Sterilized seeds were inoculated in the medium and placed in the growth room for 4 weeks. Proline accumulation was significantly high in all JAK plants under osmotic stress. Proline and ascorbate peroxidase (p<0.05) activities were directly correlated, thus reinforcing the survivability of JAK during stress. Catalase (CAT) activity was also significantly induced in JAK under osmotic stress, which synergistically improved its tolerability. As a result, >50% of OH-, H₂O₂, and NO radicals were scavenged. However, other accessions including DIN, NG061, NG062, and JIW showed variations in their responses to different levels of osmotic stress, although not significant. Therefore, JAK possesses a well-equipped free radical quenching system that is protected by the accumulation of the osmolyte proline; therefore, accession JAK is considered osmotolerant. CAT and superoxide dismutase activities were osmostabilized against oxidative stress by proline.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.849-856
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• 1992

We prepared a simple, economic and versatile preparative system for an enantiomeric separation. Hydrophobic amino acid enantiomers were resolved in the preparative scale by a centrifugal liquid chromatography on the N-hexadecyl-L-proline coated reversed phase. The factors controlling the retention and resolution of racemic amino acids such as the concentration of Cu(Ⅱ), pH of the eluent, the type and content of organic modifier, and rpm of CLC were examined. Several mg of hydrophobic amino acid enantiomers were separated preparatively. To separate all of different amino acid enantiomers, various coating material will be investigated.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.334-338
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• 1991

Synthesis of $(D-Phe^7\;-Leu^8)$ bradykinin and bradykinin by solid phase method using a new reaction vessel was carried out. Coupling was performed by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. After cleavage with dried HBr the peptides were purified by high pressure liquied chromatography. Their purify was assayed by paper and thin layer chromatography, melting point and amino acid analysis. $(D-Phe^7\;-Leu^8)$ bradykinin and bradykinin were incubater in vitro endopeptidase $({\alpha}-chymotrysis)$ and exopeptidase(carboxypeptidase A, leucine aminopeptidase) in order to study the degradation pattern of peptides. $(D-Phe^7\;-Leu^8)$ bradykinin and bradykinin were rapidly degradated by ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ and carboxypeptidase A $(D-Phe^7\;-Leu^8)$ bradykinin and bradykinin coution$(D-Phe^7\;-Leu^8)$ bradykinin and bradykinin contain imino peptide bound from proline at N-terminal and therefore they were not attacted by leucine aminopeptidase.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2010

Collagen is the most abundant animal protein in mammals, accounting for about 30 % of all proteins. It is present in connective tissue and contributes to the structural framework of most organs. The tripeptide (glycineproline-hydroxyproline) with the INCI name Tripeptide-29 is main component of collagen type I. The palmitoyl tripeptide (palmitoyl-glycine-proline-hydroxyproline) with the INCI name Paimitoyi Tripeptide-29 is a synthetic material that was designed as a topical agent to stimulate collagen production. We synthesized the palmitoyl tripeptide as a potential anti-wrinkle compound. This compound has been characterized using HPLC. This compound proved, through in vitro tests, to stimulate collagen production and fibroblast proliferation. These results were very promising, so human studies were subsequently performed. We investigated the skin improvement effect of the palrnitoyl tripeptide on human skin by using non-invasive instruments. We measured physiological effects such as skin wrinkles and elasticity after volunteers applied the cosmetic products for 8 weeks. We observed significant improvement in skin wrinkles and elasticity after use of the cosmetic products for 8 weeks. We concluded that the palmitoyl tripeptide had an anti-aging effect on human facial skin.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2002

This study conducted to elucidate the change of the cation content (Na$^{+}$, $K^{+}$, and $Ca^{2+}$), the L-proline content, and the sugar and starch content in the stems, roots, and leaves of three cultivars of the 30 days old seedling soybeans (Glycine max L. cv. Danwonkong, Hwang-keumkong, and Kwangankong) after 100 mM NaCl stress containing 1/2 Hoaglands nutrient solution in the sand culture. The reduction of the dry matter weight after 100 mM NaCl treatment among cultivars was higher in the order of Kwangankong, Danwonkong, and Hwang-keumkong. The highest reduction of the dry matter weight was occurred at the roots among three parts of plant. The Na$^{+}$ content increased with NaCl treatment in overall and specially greatly increased in roots and stems. The $K^{+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ content decreased with NaCl treatment at the roots and stems. The $K^{+}$ content, however, at the leaves increased in all three cultivars with the NaCl treatment. The L-proline content with NaCl stress increased greatly. The increment of the L-proline content at the stems and roots of Hwangkeumkong was lower than that of other two cultivars, K wangankong and Danwonkong. The sugar content decreased with NaCl treatment at the stems and leaves. The starch content also decreased at the stems and leaves with NaCl treatment.aCl treatment.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.818-829
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• 2016

This study evaluated the responses of 18 potato cultivars to three levels of salinity stress (electrical conductivity, EC: 1.0, 4.0, and $8.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$). Stem, leaf, root, chlorophyll, tuber yield, and proline content were investigated and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlations. Stem number and stem diameter were not affected by salinity, but stem length and aerial weight showed highly significant responses to salinity. Aerial weight decreased with increasing salinity levels in most cultivars, while it increased in some the cultivars 'Daejima', 'Goun', 'Haryeong', and 'LT-8'. Leaf number, leaf area index, and leaf weight were most significantly affected by salinity and the cultivar ${\times}$ salinity interaction. Root length, root weight, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a were affected by salinity, but not by the cultivar ${\times}$ salinity interaction. The opposite trend was shown in chlorophyll b. Although there was great variability among cultivars, tuber yield decreased in all cultivars, and was most significantly influenced by salinity and the cultivar ${\times}$ salinity interaction. 'Superior', 'Kroda', 'Romana', and 'Duback' gave better tuber yields under salinity at EC 4.0 and $8.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ than the cultivars with better aerial weights. Proline content was increased by salinity in all cultivars, and was more remarkable in the cultivars with better aerial weights than in cultivars such as 'Superior' and 'Kroda' with better tuber yields. Leaf number, leaf area index, leaf weight, and root length parameters were considered to be useful criteria in the evaluation of salt tolerance because of their high positive correlation with tuber yield; however, given its negative correlation with tuber yield under high salinity, proline content was not. Salinity tolerances varied greatly among potato cultivars. The low correlation between growth and yields of aerial parts under high salinity suggests that, in commercial agriculture, it might be more practical to compare relative yields to controls. Additionally, 'Superior', 'Kroda', 'Romana', and 'Duback' might be very useful cultivars to use in breeding programs to develop salinity-tolerant potatoes, as well as for sustainable potato production in saline areas.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.257-265
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• 1995

Free amino acids were isolated from milk and their absolute amounts were determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with dansyl chloride. The determination of D- and L-amino acids was based on achiral separation on a C18 column. It was found that milk contained totally 41.00 mg DL-amino acids in 100 mL milk. The level of D-amino acids to L-amino acids was determined by a column-switching system combining an achiral reversed phase separation and chiral chelate additive. The chiral separation was carried out with addition of the chiral Cu(N-benzyl-L-proline)2 chelate to the mobile phase in reversed phase liquid chromatography. It was found that the determination of 16 different amino acids is feasible in the milk sample with a C18 column separation and 12 D-amino acids out of the 16 amino acids can be determined via the column-switching system with chiral separation. 2.05% of D-glutamic acid and 2.93% of D-alanine were found in milk.