• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.462-470
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of saengshik in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and to explore the potential of three commercially available saengshik products (BS, LS, WS) as an alternative diabetic meal. Blood glucose levels were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes after the ingestion of experimental materials. In experiment 1, the amount of experimental materials remained the same. We measured blood glucose-related biomarkers as the area under the blood glucose response curve (AUC), glycemic index (GI), maximum concentration (Cmax), and time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax). AUC and Cmax of the experimental group showed significant differences compared to the control group, while GI and Tmax did not show significant differences among the groups but were lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. In experiment 2, carbohydrates were adjusted to the same amount. We measured blood glucose-related biomarkers in the same manner as Experiment 1 and obtained similar results. These hypoglycemic effects appear to be attributed to phytochemicals and dietary fiber found in whole, unrefined grains. These results suggest that saengshik exerts hypoglycemic effects by modulation of glucose-related biomarkers.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2008

Cassia tora L. seeds have previously been reported to reduce blood glucose level in human and animals with diabetes. In the present study, the effects of Cassia tora L. seed butanol fraction (CATO) were studied on postprandial glucose control and insulin secretion from the pancreas of the normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by an i.p. injection of Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg BW) into the male Sprague-Dawley rats. The postprandial glucose control was monitored during a 240 min-period using a maltose loading test. In normal rats, rats fed CATO (20 mg/l00 g BW/d) showed lower postprandial glucose levels in all the levels from 30 min up to 180 min than those in the control rats without CATO (p<0.05). In diabetic rats, those levels in the CATO group seemed to be lower during the $30{\sim}180$ min, but only glucose level at 30 min showed significant difference compared to that in the control group. Moreover, CATO delayed the peak time of the glucose rise in both normal and diabetic rats in the glucose curves. On the other hand, when CATO was administered orally to the diabetic rats for 5 days, 12 hr fasting serum glucose level was decreased in the diabetic rats (p<0.05). Degree of a decrease in 12 hr fasting serum insulin levels was significantly less in the diabetic CATO rats as compared to diabetic control rats. On the last day of feeding, P cells of the pancreas were stimulated by 200 mg/dL glucose through a 40 min-pancreas perfusion. Amounts of the insulin secreted from the pancreas during the first phase ($11{\sim}20$ min) and the second phase ($21{\sim}40$ min) in the CATO fed diabetic rats were significantly greater than those in the diabetic control group (p<0.05). These findings indicated that constituents of Cassia tora L. seeds have beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose control which may be partially mediated by stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreas of the diabetic rats.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1971

The correlation between the plasma insulin, and glucose concentration was studied in healthy Korean adults consisting of 20 males and 22 females of 16 to 38 years of age. The blood samples of above subjects were obtained through cubital vein at arbitrary times, during their usual working hours. Plasma insulin was assayed by means of double antibody system of radioimnmunoassy technics, and blood glucose was determined by means of Van Slyke-Folch method. Results were as follows: 1. There were no differences in the blood sugar levels in relation to the plasma insulin concentration either by sex or age. 2. In the case, when the plasma insulin concentration was within $200m{\mu}D/ml$, the correlation between the insulin, and glucose concentration existed, the ratio of which was expressed as; Plasma glucose concentration(mg/dI)=$91.9+0.08{\times}Insulin$ concentration r=0.62 3. Insulinogenic index was 12.4%, which was somewhat higher than other reports. 4. It is suggested that the correlation between plasma insulin and glucose concentration could be determined at arbitrary times instead of fasting times.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.1415-1421
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• 2015

팽화홍삼 분말 및 음료 식이가 당뇨 유발쥐의 혈당 및 혈청 지질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 홍삼식이는 흰쥐용 기본사료(AIN-93 diet)에 팽화홍삼 분말을 각각 0.3%와 0.6%의 중량비율(w/w)로 첨가하여 실험식이를 제조하였고, 팽화홍삼 음료는 팽화홍삼을 각각 0.14%와 0.28%의 중량비율로 음용수에 희석하여 제조하고 6주 동안 급여하였다. 시험 대조군은 당뇨 유발쥐에게 일반식이(AIN-93 diet)와 물을 급여하였다. 시험기간 동안 주별 혈당의 누적 감소치는 팽화홍삼 분말 B군(0.6%)과 팽화홍삼 음료 C군(0.14%)에서 각각 18.3, 15.1 mg/dL였고, 기준 혈당 대비 시험종료일의 혈당 감소율은 팽화홍삼 분말 B군이 37.4%, 다른 팽화홍삼투여군(A, C, D)에서는 각각 19.2, 18.7 및 17.3%로 비슷하였다. 본 연구 결과 팽화홍삼 투여군은 대조군에 비해서 실험기간 동안 혈당치의 감소에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났고, 특히 팽화홍삼 분말 B군의 식이를 통한 사포닌 섭취량과 체중 증가, 식이효율 및 음수량 등을 고려할 때 팽화홍삼이 혈당치의 감소에 유의적인 효과를 미친 것으로 사료되었다. 이와 더불어 향후 팽화홍삼의 혈당 감소와 관련된 biomarker에 대한 보다 정밀한 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2022

Objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) is major cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and adipokines (e.g., adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) play an important role in insulin sensitivity. Medicinal plants are frequently used for T2D treatment. This study investigates the effect of Artemisia annua L. (AA) extracts on adipokines in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D. Methods: We divided 60 mice into 12 groups (n = 5 per group): control, untreated T2D, treated T2D, and 9 other groups. T2D was induced in all groups, except controls, by 8 weeks of HFD and STZ injection. The treated T2D group was administered 250 mg/kg of metformin (MTF), while the nine other groups were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of hot-water extract (HWE), cold-water extract (CWE), and alcoholic extract (ALE) of AA (daily oral gavage) along with 250 mg/kg of MTF for 4 weeks. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed, and the homeostasis model assessment of adiponectin (HOMA-AD) index and blood glucose and serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin levels were measured. Results: Similar to MTF, all three types of AA extracts (HWEs, CWEs, and ALEs) significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose during the IPGTT, the HOMA-AD index, blood glucose levels, and serum insulin, leptin, and resistin levels and increased serum adiponectin levels in the MTF group compared to the T2D group (p < 0.0001). The HWEs affected adipokine release, while the CWEs and ALEs decreased leptin and resistin production. Conclusion: Water and alcoholic AA extracts have an antihyperglycemic and antihyperinsulinemic effect on HFD/STZ diabetic mice. In addition, they decrease IR by reducing leptin and resistin production and increasing adiponectin secretion from adipocytes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.536-542
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• 2007

The responses of whole body protein and glucose kinetics and of nitrogen (N) metabolism to non-protein energy intake (NPEI) were determined using an isotope dilution approach and measurement of N balance in three adult male goats. The diets containing 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times ME maintenance requirement, with fixed intake of CP (1.5 times maintenance) and percentage of hay (33%), were fed twice daily for each 21 d experimental period. After an adaptation period of 11 d, N balance was determined over 3 d. On day 17, whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) and glucose irreversible loss rate (ILR) were determined during the absorptive state by a primed-continuous infusion of [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine, [$^2H_2$]tyrosine, [$^2H_4$]tyrosine and [$^{13}C_6$]glucose, with simultaneous measurements of plasma concentrations of metabolites and insulin. Ruminal characteristics were also measured at 6 h after feeding over 3 d. Nitrogen retention tended to increase (p<0.10) with increasing NPEI, although digestible N decreased linearly (p<0.05). Increasing NPEI decreased (p<0.01) ammonia N concentration, but increased acetate (p<0.05) and propionate (p<0.05) concentrations in the rumen. Despite decreased plasma urea N concentration (p<0.01), increased plasma tyrosine concentration (p<0.05), and trends toward increased plasma total amino N (p<0.10) and phenylalanine concentrations (p<0.10) were found in response to increasing NPEI. Increasing NPEI increased ILR of both glucose (p<0.01) and phenylalanine (p<0.05), but did not affect ($p{\geq}0.10$) that of tyrosine. Whole body protein synthesis increased (p<0.05) in response to increasing NPEI, resulting from increased utilization rate for protein synthesis (p<0.05) and unchanged hydroxylation rate of phenylalanine ($p{\geq}0.10$). These results suggest that increasing NPEI may enhance WBPS and glucose turnover at the absorptive state and improve the efficiency of digestible N retention in goats, with possibly decreased ammonia and increased amino acid absorption. In addition, simultaneous increases in WBPS and glucose ILR suggest stimulatory effect of glucose availability on WBPS, especially when sufficient amino acid is supplied.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.97-100
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• 2005

Chiral dienophile 5 was synthesized from D-glucose by consecutive diisopropylidenation, partial deprotection, diol cleavage, and Wittig reactions. Under thermal conditions, asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction between chiral dienophile and cyclopentadiene gave four possible chiral norbornenes stereoisomers whose absolute configurations were determined through CADD and NMR.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.675-683
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• 2016

One osmotolerant strain from among 44 yeast isolates was selected based on its growth abilities in media containing high concentrations of sucrose. This selected strain, named SK-ENNY, was identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer regions and partial D1/D2 large-subunit domains of the 26S ribosomal RNA. SK-ENNY was utilized to produce high-fructose glucose syrup (HFGS) from sucrose-containing biomass. Conversion rates to HFGS from 310-610 g/l of pure sucrose and from 75-310 g/l of sugar beet molasses were 73.5-94.1% and 76.2-91.1%, respectively. In the syrups produced, fructose yields were 89.4-100% and 96.5-100% and glucose yields were 57.6-82.5% and 55.3-79.5% of the theoretical values for pure sucrose and molasses sugars, respectively. This is the first report of employing M. guilliermondii for production of HFGS from sucrose-containing biomass.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1989

Glucose isomerase (E.C.5.3.1.5) which reversibly catalyzes reaction between D-glucose and D-fructose was demonstrated in cell free extracts of alkalophilic Streptomyces sp. B-2 isolated from soil The optimum temperature, pH, and pH stability were 6$0^{\circ}C$, 10.5, and 7.8, respectively. The production of Gl in xylose and yeast extract was higher than that of other carbon source and nitrogen source. The Gl production was affected by Co2+ and Mg2).

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1994

Aspergillus niger 균체로부터 황산암모늄 분별침전, 이온교환 크로마토그래피, 한외여과, 소수성 크로마토그래피 과정을 거쳐 glucose oxidase( EC 1.1. 3.4)를 순수 정제하였다. 최종 정제과정인 소수성 크로마토그래퍼에 의해 소수성은 다르나 glucose oxidase의 활성을 갖는 A, B fraction이 얻어졌고, 그의 비활성도는 각각 2,191, 1,273units/mg이었다. A와 B는 분자량 78,000의 당단백질임이 확인되었으나, HPLC 겔 여과로 측정한 분자량, 최대 흡수 파장, 등전점 등에 차이를 보였다. 효소 A는 $\beta$-D-glucose를 특이적으로 산화하였고, 촉매 활성에 대한 최적 온도 는 $30^{\circ}C$, 최적 pH는 3.5이었으며, SDS에 대하여 비교적 강한 저항성을 나타내었고, 촉매 기능은 10mM $Hg^{2+}$에 의해 급격히 억제되었다. 화학 수식 실험 결과 cysteine/ cystine중의 SH기가 glucose oxidase의 활성에 관여하고 있음이 시사되었다.