• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2002

Cycle life tests have been carried out to evaluate the influence of safety valve pressure on valve regulated lead/acid batteries under deep cycling applications. Batteries were cycled at 5 hour rates at 100% DOD, and safety valve pressure was set to 1.08 and 2.00 bar, respectively. The batteries lost 248.3 g and 235.3 g of water for each case after about 1,200 cycles, but the cyclic performances of the batteries were comparable. Most of the gas of the battery during discharging was hydrogen, and the oxygen concentration increased to 18% after 3 hours of charging. The micro structure of the positive active materials was completely changed and the corrosion layer of the positive grid was less than $50{\mu}m$, regardless of the pressure of the safety valve after cycle life tests. The cause of discharge capacity decrease was found to be water loss and the shedding of the positive active materials. The pressure of safety valve does not give little effect to the cyclic performances and the failure modes of the gelled electrolyte valve-regulated lead acid batteries.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.106-109
• /
• 2006

It has been shown that many reinforced concrete(RC) structures designed without seismic details have experienced brittle shear failures in the beam-column joint area and may result in large permanent deformations and structural collapse. In this study, experimental investigations for RC beam-column joints strengthened with the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer(CFRP) under cyclic loadings were presented. The use of CFRP in the joint was varied to determine the effective way of improving the structural performances of RC joints. Ten RC beam-column joints were designed and tested with cyclic loadings. The experimental results showed that the use of CFRP in RC joints would be very effective solutions to improve the seismic performances of the non-seismic RC joints. All of the non-seismic design specimens strengthened with CFRP sheets showed the significant increase of strength and ductility.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.836-840
• /
• 2011

This study examines the effects of a carbon coating on the electrochemical performances of $LiFePO_4$. The results show that the capacity of bare $LiFePO_4$ decreased sharply, whereas the $LiFePO_4$/C shows a well maintained initial capacity. The Li ion diffusivity of the bare and carbon coated $LiFePO_4$ is calculated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) to determine the correlation between the electrochemical performance of $LiFePO_4$ and Li diffusion. The diffusion constants for $LiFePO_4$ and $LiFePO_4$/C measured from CV are $6.56{\times}10^{-16}$ and $2.48{\times}10^{-15}\;cm^2\;s^{-1}$, respectively, indicating considerable increases in diffusivity after modifications. The Li ion diffusivity (DLi) values as a function of the lithium content in the cathode are estimated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of the carbon coating as well as the mechanisms for the improved electrochemical performances after modification are discussed based on the diffusivity data.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.11A
• /
• pp.1043-1052
• /
• 2008

This paper compares the performances with space time coding and cyclic delay diversity techniques for OFDM systems in interference-limited environments. While a communication system usually use a diversity technique to improve its own performance, it is also necessary to consider the interference effects to other users as well if the system is operated in interference-limited environments. When there is no interference from or to other users, space time coding technique results in better performance than cyclic delay diversity. However, cyclic delay diversity can be better than space time coding if interferences to other users are considered.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1990.10b
• /
• pp.1250-1255
• /
• 1990

This paper discusses an optimal cyclic scheduling problem for a FMC (Flexible Manufacturing Cell) modeled by a two-machine flowshop with two machining centers with APC's (Automated Pallet Changers), an AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) and loading and unloading stations. Cyclic production in which similar patterns of production is repeated can significantly reduce the production lead-time and WIP (Work-In-Process) in such flexible, automated system. Thus we want to find an optimal cyclic schedule that minimizes the cycle time in each cycle. However, the existence of APC's as buffer storage for WIP makes the problem intractable (i.e., NP-complete). We propose an practical approximation algorithm that minimizes, instead of each cycle time, its upper bound. Performances of this algorithm are validated by the way of computer simulations.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.10B
• /
• pp.1793-1802
• /
• 2000

In this paper we propose an efficient implementation technique for cyclic extension in VDSL(Very High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line) systems using Zipper duplexing and analyze its performances under typical telephone channel environments. In Zipper-based VDSL systems each DTM(discrete-multitone) block is appended by both cyclic prefix(CP) and cyclic suffix(CS). The CP is inserte to prevent both intersymbol interference (ISI) and iterchannel interference (ICI) while the CS is appended to ensure orthogonality between the upstream and downstream carriers thus preventing near-end crosstalk (NEXT). However in order to implement the CP in the transmitter side of the VDSL system an additional hardware is required to append the latter part of each DMT symbol to the beginning of the DMT symbol. In this paper we propose a VDSL system with Zipper duplexing using only CS to reduce hardware complexity (memory and processing delay) required for implementation of CP. It is shown by computer simulation that the proposed approach has the same capacity under typical channel environments as the previous Zipper-based VDSL system using both CP and CS. even with a significantly lower hardware complexity.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.30-34
• /
• 2016

An integral crank driven Stirling cryocooler is solidly based on concepts of direct IR detector mounting on the cryocooler's cold finger, and the integral construction of the cryocooler and Dewar envelope. Performance factors of the cryocooler depend on operating conditions of the cryocooler such as a cyclic mean pressure of the working fluid, a rotational speed of driving mechanism, a thermal environment, a targeted operation temperature and etc.. At given charging condition of helium gas, the cyclic mean pressure of helium gas in the cryocooler changes with temperatures of the cold end and the environment. In this study, effects of the cyclic mean pressure of helium gas on performances of the Stirling cryocooler were investigated by numerical analyses using the Sage software. The simulation model takes into account thermodynamic losses due to an inefficiency of regenerator, a pressure drop, a shuttle heat transfer and solid conductions. Simulations are performed for the performance variation according to the cyclic mean pressure induced by the temperature of the cold end and the environment. This paper presents P-V works in the compression and expansion space, cooling capacity, contribution of losses in the expansion space.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2021

Artificial neural network techniques show an excellent ability to predict the data (output) for various complex characteristics (input). It is primarily specialized to solve nonlinear relationship problems. This study is an experimental investigation that applies artificial neural network techniques and an experimental design to predict the cyclic polarization curves of the super-austenitic stainless steel AL-6XN alloy with sensitization. A cyclic polarization test was conducted in a 3.5% NaCl solution based on an experimental design matrix with various factors (degree of sensitization, temperature, pH) and their levels, and a total of 36 cyclic polarization data were acquired. The 36 cyclic polarization patterns were used as training data for the artificial neural network model. As a result, the supervised learning algorithms with back-propagation showed high learning and prediction performances. The model showed an excellent training performance (R²=0.998) and a considerable prediction performance (R²=0.812) for the conditions that were not included in the training data.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.235-251
• /
• 2019

Corrosion of reinforcement is the greatest threat to the safety of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Most of the olden structures are gravity load designed (GLD) and are seismically deficient. In present study, investigations are carried out on corrosion damaged GLD beam-column sub-assemblages under reverse cyclic loading, in order to evaluate their seismic performance. Five GLD beam-column sub-assemblage specimens comprising of i) One uncorroded ii) Two corroded iii) One uncorroded strengthened with steel bracket and haunch iv) One corroded strengthened with steel bracket and haunch, are tested under reverse cyclic loading. The performances of these specimens are assessed in terms of hysteretic behaviour, energy dissipation and strength degradation. It is noted that the nature of corrosion i.e. uniform or pitting corrosion and its location have significant influence on the behaviour of corrosion damaged GLD beam-column sub-assemblages. The corroded specimens with localised corrosion pits showed in-cyclic strength degradation. The study also reveals that external strengthening which provides an alternate force path but depends on the strength of the existing reinforcement bars, is able to mitigate the seismic risk of corroded GLD beam-column sub-assemblages to the level of control uncorroded GLD specimen.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2017

The precast concrete (PC) method has many advantages in fast construction, quality control, etc. In domestic construction market, however, its application has been quite limited because of the concerns about structural integrity and seismic performances due to the discrete connections between precast concrete members. By applying the post-tensioning method, the precast beam-column connection can be well tightened, allowing improved structural integrity, and proper seismic performances can be also achieved. In this study, reversed cyclic tests have been conducted on the beam-column connection specimens, where the test variables included the compressive strength of grouting mortar and the tensile strengths of prestressing strands, based on which their seismic performances have been examined in detail. The post-tensioned PC beam-column connections showed good seismic performances comparable to that of the monolithic reinforced concrete connection specimen. When 2400 MPa prestressing strands are applied to the beam-column connection, it is preferable to adjust the prestress level similar to that applied for the 1860 MPa prestressing strands to avoid premature local crushing failures at the beam-column connections.