Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Investigations on the behaviour of corrosion damaged gravity load designed beam-column sub-assemblages under reverse cyclic loading

  • Kanchanadevi, A. (CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre) ;
  • Ramanjaneyulu, K. (CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre)
  • Received : 2018.11.14
  • Accepted : 2019.01.22
  • Published : 2019.02.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Corrosion of reinforcement is the greatest threat to the safety of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Most of the olden structures are gravity load designed (GLD) and are seismically deficient. In present study, investigations are carried out on corrosion damaged GLD beam-column sub-assemblages under reverse cyclic loading, in order to evaluate their seismic performance. Five GLD beam-column sub-assemblage specimens comprising of i) One uncorroded ii) Two corroded iii) One uncorroded strengthened with steel bracket and haunch iv) One corroded strengthened with steel bracket and haunch, are tested under reverse cyclic loading. The performances of these specimens are assessed in terms of hysteretic behaviour, energy dissipation and strength degradation. It is noted that the nature of corrosion i.e. uniform or pitting corrosion and its location have significant influence on the behaviour of corrosion damaged GLD beam-column sub-assemblages. The corroded specimens with localised corrosion pits showed in-cyclic strength degradation. The study also reveals that external strengthening which provides an alternate force path but depends on the strength of the existing reinforcement bars, is able to mitigate the seismic risk of corroded GLD beam-column sub-assemblages to the level of control uncorroded GLD specimen.

Keywords

References

  1. ACI 318M-11, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary.
  2. ASTMG1-03 (2011), Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens.
  3. Bhargava, K., Ghosh, A.K., Mori, Y. and Ramanujam, S. (2007), "Models for corrosion-induced bond strength degradation in reinforced concrete", ACI Mater. J., 104, 594-603.
  4. Calvi, G.M., Magenes, G. and Pampanin, S. (2001), "Experimental test on a three storey RC frame designed for gravity only", 12th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, London, Paper Reference 727.
  5. Campione, G., Cavaleri, L. and Papia, M. (2015), "Flexural response of external R.C. beam-column joints externally strengthened with steel cages", Eng. Struct., 104, 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.09.009
  6. Cardone, D., Perrone, G. and Sofia, S. (2013), "Experimental and numerical studies on the cyclic behavior of R/C hollow bridge piers with corroded rebars", Earthq. Struct., 4(1), 41-62. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2013.4.1.041
  7. Chung, L., Kim, J.H.J. and Yi, S.T. (2008), "Bond strength prediction for reinforced concrete members with highly corroded reinforcing bars", Cement Concrete Compos., 30, 603-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.03.006
  8. Dhakal, R.P., Pan, T.C., Irawan, P., Tsai, K.C., Lin, K.C. and Chen, C.H. (2005), "Experimental study on the dynamic response of gravity-designed reinforced concrete connections", Eng. Struct., 27(1), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.09.004
  9. El-Attar, A.G., White, R.N. and Gergely, P. (1997), "Behaviour of gravity load designed reinforced concrete buildings subjected to earthquakes", ACI Struct. J., 94(2), 133-145.
  10. Fang, C., Lundgren, K., Plos, M. and Gylltoft, K. (2006), "Bond behaviour of corroded reinforcing steel bars in concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 36, 1931-1938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.05.008
  11. Goksu, C. and Ilki, A. (2016), "Seismic behavior of reinforced concrete columns with corroded deformed reinforcing bars", ACI Struct. J., 113(5), 1053-1064. https://doi.org/10.14359/51689030
  12. Guan, Y. and Zheng, S. (2018), "Seismic behaviors of RC frame beam-column joints under acid rain circle: A pilot experimental study", J. Earthq. Eng., 22(6), 1008-1026. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1269695
  13. Hadigheh, S.A., Mahini, S.S. and Maheri, M.R. (2014), "Seismic behavior of FRP-retrofitted reinforced concrete frames", J. Earthq. Eng., 18, 1171-1197. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2014.926301
  14. Humar, J.M., Lau, D. and Pierre, J.R. (2001), "Performance of buildings during the 2001 Bhuj earthquake", Can. J. Civil Eng., 28, 979-991. https://doi.org/10.1139/l01-070
  15. Imperatore, S., Rinaldi, Z. and Drago, C. (2017), "Degradation relationships for the mechanical properties of corroded steel rebars", Constr. Build. Mater., 148, 219-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.209
  16. Jain, S.K., Murty, C.V.R. and Chandak, N. (1994), "The September 29, 1993, M6.4 Killari, Maharashtra Earthquake in Central India", EERI Special Earthquake Report, EERI Newsletter, 28(1), January.
  17. Kakaletsis, D.J., David, K.N. and Karayannis, C.G. (2011), "Effectiveness of some conventional seismic retrofitting techniques for bare and infilled R/C frames", J. Struct. Eng. Mech., 39(4), 499-520. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.39.4.499
  18. Kalogeropoulos, G.I., Tsonos, A.G., Konstandinidis, D. and Tsetines, S. (2016), "Pre-earthquake and post-earthquake retrofitting of poorly detailed exterior RC beam-to-column joints", Eng. Struct., 109, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.11.009
  19. Kanchanadevi, A. and Ramanjaneyulu, K. (2017), "Comparative performance of seismically deficient exterior beam-column subassemblages of different design evolutions: A closer perspective", Earthq. Struct., 13(2), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2017.13.2.177
  20. Kanchanadevi, A. and Ramanjaneyulu, K. (2018a), "Non-invasive steel haunch upgradation strategy for seismically deficient reinforced concrete exterior beam-column sub-assemblages", Steel Compos. Struct., 28(6), 719-734. https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2018.28.6.719
  21. Kanchanadevi, A. and Ramanjaneyulu, K. (2018b), "Effect of corrosion damage on seismic behaviour of existing reinforced concrete beam-column sub-assemblages", Eng. Struct., 174, 601-617 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.07.094
  22. Kanchanadevi, A., Ramanjaneyulu K., Mayank, T. and Saptarshi S. (2018), "Novel non-invasive seismic upgradation strategies for gravity load designed exterior beam-column joints", Arch. Civil Mech. Eng., 18, 479- 489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2017.08.005
  23. Kheyroddin, A., Khalili, A., Emami, E. and Sharbatdar, M.K. (2016), "An innovative experimental method to upgrade performance of external weak RC joints using fused steel prop plus sheets", Steel Compos. Struct., 21(2), 443-460. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.21.2.443
  24. Kunnath, S.K., Hoffmann, G., Reinhorn, A.M. and Mander, J.B. (1995), "Gravity load-designed reinforced concrete buildings-Part II: Evaluation of detailing enhancements", ACI Struct. J., 92(4), 470-478.
  25. Lee, H.S., Noguchi, T. and Tomosawa, F. (2002), "Evaluation of the bond properties between concrete and reinforcement as a function of the degree of reinforcement corrosion", Cement Concrete Res., 32, 1313-1318. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00783-4
  26. Li, J., Gong, J. and Wang, J. (2009), "Seismic behavior of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete columns strengthened using combined carbon fiber-reinforced polymer and steel jacket", Constr. Build. Mater., 23, 2653-2663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.01.003
  27. Liu, X., Jiang, H. and He, L. (2017), "Experimental investigation on seismic performance of corroded reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames", Eng. Struct., 153, 639-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.10.034
  28. Melo, J., Varum, H. and Tiziana Rossetto, T. (2015), "Cyclic behaviour of interior beam-column joints reinforced with plain bars", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 44, 1351-1371. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2521
  29. Natesan, M., Venkatachari, G. and Palaniswamy, N. (2005), "Corrosivity and durability maps of India", Corr. Prevent. Control, 52(2), 43-55.
  30. Ou, Y.C. and Nguyen, N.D. (2016), "Influences of location of reinforcement corrosion on seismic performance of corroded reinforced concrete beams", Eng. Struct., 126, 210-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.048
  31. Pampanin, S., Bolognini, D. and Pavese, A. (2007), "Performancebased seismic retrofit strategy for existing reinforced concrete frame system using fiber-reinforced polymer composites", J. Compos. Constr., ASCE, 11, 211-226. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:2(211)
  32. Pantelides, C.P., Hansen, J., Nadauld, J. and Reaveley, L.D. (2002), "Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Building Exterior Joints with Substandard Details", PEER Report 18, University of California, Berkeley.
  33. Park, Y. and Ang, A. (1985), "Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced-concrete", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 111(4), 722-739. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:4(722)
  34. Park, Y.J., Ang, A.H.S. and Wen, Y.K. (1987), "Damage-limiting aseismic design of buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 3(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585416
  35. Priestley, M.J.N. (1997), "Displacement-based seismic assessment of reinforced concrete buildings", J. Earthq. Eng., 1(1), 157-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469708962365
  36. Realfonzo, R., Napoli, A. and Pinilla, J.G.R. (2014), "Cyclic behavior of RC beam-column joints strengthened with FRP systems", Constr. Build. Mater., 54, 282-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.043
  37. Santarsiero, G. and Masi, A. (2015), "Seismic performance of RC beam-column joints retrofitted with steel dissipation jackets", Eng. Struct., 85, 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.12.013
  38. Sezen, H. (2012), "Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete beam-column joints with fiber-reinforced polymer composites", J. Compos. Constr., 16(5), 499-506. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000290
  39. Sharma, A., Reddy, G.R., Eligehausen, R., Genesio, G. and Pampanin, S. (2014), "Seismic response of reinforced concrete frames with haunch retrofit solution", ACI Struct. J., 111(3), 673-684. https://doi.org/10.14359/51686625
  40. Tsonos, A.G. (2008), "Effectiveness of CFRP-jackets and RCjackets in post-earthquake and pre-earthquake retrofitting of beam-column sub-assemblages", Eng. Struct., 30, 777-793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.05.008
  41. Tsonos, A.G. (2014), "An innovative solution for strengthening of old R/C structures and for improving the FRP strengthening method", Struct. Monit. Mainten., 1(3), 323-338. https://doi.org/10.12989/SMM.2014.1.3.323
  42. Tsonos, A.G. and Papanikolaou K.V. (2003), "Post-earthquake repair and strengthening of RC beam-column connections (theoretical & experimental investigation)", Bull. NZ Soc. Earthq. Eng., 36(2), 73-79.
  43. Wang, H. (2009), "An analytical study of bond strength associated with splitting of concrete cover", Eng. Struct., 31, 968-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.12.008
  44. Wu, Y.Z., Lv, H.L., Zhou, S.C. and Fang, Z.N. (2016), "Degradation model of bond performance between deteriorated concrete and corroded deformed steel bars", Constr. Build. Mater., 119, 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.061
  45. Yavari, S., Elwood, K.J., Wu, C.L., Lin, S.H., Hwang, S.J. and Moehle, J.P. (2013), "Shaking table tests on reinforced concrete frames without seismic detailing", ACI Struct. J., 110(6), 1001-1012.
  46. Yuksel, I. (2015), "Rebar corrosion effects on structural behavior of buildings", Struct. Eng. Mech., 54(6), 1111-1133. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.54.6.1111
  47. Zhou, H., Liang X., Wang, Z., Zhang, X. and Xing, F. (2017), "Bond deterioration of corroded steel in two different concrete mixes", Struct. Eng. Mech., 63(6), 725-734. https://doi.org/10.12989/SEM.2017.63.6.725
  48. Zhu, W. and Francois, R. (2013), "Effect of corrosion pattern on the ductility of tensile reinforcement extracted from a 26-yearold corroded beam", Adv. Concrete Constr., 1(2), 121-136. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc2013.01.2.121

Cited by

  1. Numerical model for local corrosion of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete structure vol.27, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2021.27.4.385